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1.
水质量分布变化对重力观测的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用全球7000多个陆地气象台站观测资料、TOPEX/Poseidon卫星测高资料、多层海水温盐度数据和负荷格林函数,采用数值积分法,计算了陆地水储量及海水质量分布变化引起我国20个测站的重力变化.结果表明,我国一些测站观测的重力受水质量迁移影响超过3μGal,可见在应用重力仪观测资料研究地球动力学时,有必要作水负荷改正.另外,文中还对武汉测站的超导重力仪观测的残差和水负荷的计算结果作了比较,并讨论了不同的地球模型及气象数据对计算测站重力的影响. 相似文献
2.
《地震研究》2020,(4)
基于2002—2017年的ECMWF Interim三维大气再分析资料、GRACE时变重力场模型和GPS数据,分析了青藏高原南缘的拉萨、日喀则、仲巴、噶尔4个绝对重力测站的非构造重力效应。结果表明:ECMWF Interim大气负荷重力效应主要表现为季节性变化特征,最大周年振幅可达到1.4μGal;GRACE陆地水负荷重力效应和GPS地壳垂直位移引起的重力效应均存在较为明显的季节性及长期趋势变化特征,二者的最大周年振幅和长期趋势分别达到2.6μGal,-0.6μGal/a和1.8μGal,-0.3μGal/a;GRACE与GPS的比较分析结果表明青藏高原南缘的非构造重力效应会受到局部流体质量负荷的显著影响。 相似文献
3.
气压和温度对南极中山站重力场观测的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对南极中山站1998-12-26-2000-01-01的气压、温度和重力场潮汐及非潮汐变化观测资料进行了综合对比与相关分析,研究了气压和温度变化对重力场观测的影响.结果表明,在南极中山站,重力场和气压变化存在很强的相关性,气压变化对重力场的影响非常大,且随频率的增加呈减少的趋势气压在长周期、周日、半日和1/3日频段的平均重力导纳值分别为-1.6834,-1.5304,-0.9450,-0.8791μGal/hPa,与中、低纬度地区的同类观测结果之间存在很大的差异,具有明显的"反变气压计"效应.重力场和温度变化的相关性随时间不同存在较大的差异,温度对重力场观测的影响主要反应在长周期频段,温度的平均重力导纳值为0.6296μGal/℃,对重力场高频(包括周日、半日和1/3日潮汐频段)扰动的贡献极小.气压和温度改正后,潮汐各频段的标准偏差有不同程度的下降,周日和半日频段的标准偏差从6.63μGal和1.41μGal分别下降到2.11μGal和1.13μGal,各重力潮波的观测精度都有提高;重力残差的振幅谱在各频段,特别是在长周期频段明显降低. 相似文献
4.
利用油气藏潮汐重力异常直接找油是近年从俄罗斯引进的方法,但这一方法的原理在国内研究得很少,其有效性和可靠性还没有得到充分的论证.本文对油藏潮汐重力的形成机制、潮汐重力的观测和数据处理方法进行了研究.理论计算表明,油藏潮汐重力异常在微伽量级,而实际资料表明潮汐重力的观测误差为10μGal量级,油藏潮汐重力异常可能会被噪声淹没,所以没有观测到潮汐重力异常不等于地下没有油气;实际观测的潮汐重力异常可达数十μGal,即使超过观测误差的3倍,也不能将它直接归因于油藏产生的潮汐重力异常.例如:潮汐重力改正的误差可能达到数十μGal,对有效异常形成干扰. 相似文献
5.
香山绝对点的重力非潮汐变化 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
1988年3月－2001年3月中国地震局和中国计量科学院合作用NIM－Ⅱ仪器在香山地震台进行58次绝对重力测量，其中44次同时量测了地下水水位。本文从角度研究了香山点重力变化的机理。主要结论：（1）地下水活动是重力变化的主要局部干扰源，它与重力观测值分段相关，可用一个5次多项式进行改正；（2）局部地壳形变的影响甚小，可略而不计；（3）地震活动导致重力值发生短期变化，最大幅度达0．333μms^-2;(4）1989－2001年重力值近于线性地下降了0．191μms^-2,平均速率为－0．0147μms^-2/a属全球性或区域性重力变化。 相似文献
6.
利用超导重力仪观测数据精确测定低于1 mHz的地球自由振荡简正模式的分裂频率，是在不与任何弹性系数发生联系的情况下改善一维密度模型的有效方法.但在该频段台站局部气压变化对重力观测数据的影响成为主要干扰来源，且具有频率依赖特性，因此精细地开展气压改正成为利用超导重力数据检测低频自由振荡信号的必要手段.本文基于EEMD方法，提出了一种具有频率依赖特性的气压改正方法.该方法将重力观测和气压变化分解成处于不同频段的本征模态函数，并在相应频段上分别进行重力-气压变化的回归分析，计算得到具有频率依赖特性的气压导纳值，精细地消除气压变化对重力观测的影响，并以此对微弱低频地球自由振荡信号开展高分辨率分析.基于本文提出的气压改正方法，利用大地震后的超导重力数据检测了频率小于1.5 mHz的低频地球自由振荡及其频谱分裂现象.研究结果表明：利用该方法进行气压改正后检测得到的各简正模具有更高的信噪比，估计的本征频率误差水平明显降低，获得的基频球型振荡0S2和0S3以及一阶球型振荡1S2的分裂谱峰的估计精度更高，同时还检测到了部分环型振荡在重力观测中的耦合现象.对低频地球振荡的高分辨率检测结果验证了基于EEMD分解提出的气压改正方法的有效性，同时再次证明了超导重力仪观测数据在低频地球自由振荡检测中的优势. 相似文献
7.
利用南极中山站LCR-ET21重力仪器与昭和站GWR058仪器获得的重力潮汐观测资料,采用最新的三个全球海潮模型(Dtu10,Eot11A和HAM11A)研究了南极地区的海潮负荷效应和背景噪声.结果表明,由三个海潮模型计算的重力负荷均值改正后,中山站O_1和M_2振幅观测残差分别由13.83%和20.55%下降到5.32%和5.95%,昭和站O_1和M_2振幅观测残差分别由10.84%和21.52%下降到1.91%和3.40%,说明海潮负荷改正的有效性.利用加汉宁窗的FFT变换,获得了地震频段的地震噪声等级(SNM),其值分别为1.574(中山站)和1.289(昭和站).而在潮汐频段,中山站的背景噪声比昭和站高一个数量级,主要由不同观测仪器和台站局部环境所致.本文结果可为进一步利用南极重力资料研究局部环境和全球动力学问题提供有效参考. 相似文献
8.
应用美国LaCoste-Rombcrg D型重力仪可以进行微重力方法探测,在良好条件下观测精度可以达到2—3μGal.给出一个微重力探查的实例,在30m~2的室内面积上,进行30cm×30cm、50cm×50cm 的测点网的微重力测量.经常规的、与第一次给出的建筑物重力效应改正对观测重力值进行改正,得到经改正的重力场值.对于三个小幅度重力异常圈闭进行了正演模拟分析与作出解释.通过浅地震探测和挖掘验证,各小异常的解释结果与实际情况基本上相符或一致.这样,对微重力方法的探查能力给出了初步分析研究的结果. 相似文献
9.
利用2018年庐山重力短基线场绝对重力和相对重力观测资料，基于绝对重力控制下的相对重力联测方式对庐山基线场的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明：庐山基线场2015～2018年测段重力变化为-11.6～13.4μGal、均值-0.962μGal，较小的重力变化表明庐山短基线重力场较稳定；2000～2018年测段重力变化为-39～33.5μGal、均值-0.275μGal，总体以G16测点为界呈分化特征，上山侧（G16～JZ04）重力变化较平缓（约-3 μGal），下山侧（G03～G16）因G04、G14测点重力值变化显著（分别为-24.95、-18.5μGal），导致相邻测段重力变化剧烈；测段重力变化与段差比值（B）为1.19×10-4～3.58×10-3；庐山及其周边地区由地表垂直运动引起的重力变化速率为0.7543±0.16μGal/a；近期研究区地震活动性呈震级小、沿断裂带集中分布特征；重力变化对相对重力仪一次项系数标定结果影响较大（正比于B值），对校正精度影响小，利用以往重力观测成果进行一次项系数标定时，绝对重力测段JZ02～JZ04误差影响小于最大重力段差测段，定期维护和复测是保障高精度重力短基线场的有效途径。 相似文献
10.
文中基于绝对重力控制下的木兰山基线场2018年和2022年的重力观测资料，研究了一次项系数在不同读数段的分布规律、木兰山基线场的重力场分布和近期重力变化特征。结果表明：相对重力仪不同读数段的一次项系数存在差异，武汉—宜昌测段(子测段)的一次项系数与武汉—绿葱坡测段(总测段)的差异可达4.809‰, CG-6型与CG-5型重力仪的结果较为一致，2类重力仪间无系统偏差；总测段的一次项系数是各子测段一次项系数的加权平均结果，其相应的权因子为子测段与总测段的重力段差比值；木兰山基线场的最大重力段差(G01—G03)为102.176mGal,各测点的重力值平均精度为4.8μGal; 2018—2022年木兰山基线场测点的重力变化区间为5.9～12.8μGal,重力场整体呈正变化，测段重力变化区间为-4.8～6.9μGal。测点周边环境变化、地表垂直运动、地表水储量变化对地表实测重力变化均产生了一定影响。综合上述各项改正后的测点和测段重力变化均值较实测值相应减小了38.2%和50.8%,改正后的重力变化结果更为精准，但其不确定度相应增加了2.5%和2.8%。综合分析测点和测段的重力场动态变化可有效... 相似文献
11.
In this study, a scheme to estimate oceanic and hydrological effects in the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) data is presented. The aim is to reveal tectonic signals for the case of the Sumatra earthquake on 26 December 2004. The variations of hydrological and oceanic effects are estimated with the aid of data set of GRACE, altimetry, World Ocean Atlas, and the GLDAS model for a period of January 2003 to December 2006. The time series of computed gravity changes over Sumatra region show some correlations to the deformation resulting from the earthquake occurred in December 2004. The maximum and minimum impacts of hydrological and oceanic effects on gravity changes are about 3 μGal in radial direction and–5 μGal in northward direction. The maximum and minimum amounts of gravitational gradient changes after the correction are 0.2 and–0.25 mE, which indicates the significant influences of hydrological and oceanic sources on the desired signal. 相似文献
12.
The time-varying gravity is observed at the Strasbourg station with super-conducting gravimeters (SG) since 1987, with a first record from 1987 to 1996 (GWR T005) and a second one in continuity from 1996 till now (GWR C026). The long-term behaviour of the SG is constrained by regular absolute gravity (AG) measurements, which are performed in parallel since 1989, first with the JILAg-5 instrument and later on with the FG5#206. Moreover, a permanent GPS station, which belongs to the French geodetic network, has been installed at the end of 1999. We will show that the AG measurements suggest that the gravity is slowly increasing in time at a rate of about 1.6 μGal/year, and besides, exhibits a quasi-annual component of several μGal variable amplitude. We present an analysis of the GPS data obtained at the SG station in the Rhine graben as well as at another regional station in the Vosges mountains distant by about 40 km in order to constrain the gravity contribution due to the vertical displacement of the station in the earth's gravity field (geometrical part). The tectonic context of the region is described and our first results from our two data sets of limited duration suggest a small subsidence of our station in the graben; however, this fact needs further confirmation when more geodetic data will be available. We also analyze the water table changes beneath the station (local scale) and in the Alsatian Plain (regional scale) to estimate the hydrological contributions from ground water to the gravity residual signal, and we show that some similarities exist between the gravity residuals and the hydrological contributions, especially for the seasonal terms. Other missing contributions of annual period (air mass motion in the atmosphere, ocean circulation, continental hydrology) have to be considered. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2010,49(3-5):348-353
In this study, the loading gravity effect of air mass changes calculated with the three-dimension (3D) meteorological data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are removed from superconducting gravimeter (SG) observations. The global hydrological gravity effect is computed and removed with hydrological data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). Otherwise, the gravity influences induced by a theoretical self-consistent ocean pole tide and variations in length of day (LOD) are considered in the calculation. After removing the influences mentioned previously and also considering the long term trend in the data, a very nice linear relationship between the theoretical gravity pole tide and observed gravity residual (containing the observed gravity pole tide) for each of the selected 9 GGP stations we considered can be obtained. Therefore, the gravimetric factor of the gravity pole tide can be estimated with a simple linear regression. The results show that no clear phase lag is found between the theoretical gravity pole tide and observed gravity residuals from the nine SG stations. 相似文献
14.
We report on a field test of a transportable version of a superconducting gravimeter (SG) intended for groundwater storage monitoring. The test was conducted over a 6-month period at a site adjacent to a well in the recharge zone of the karstic Edwards Aquifer, a major groundwater resource in central Texas. The purpose of the study was to assess requirements for unattended operation of the SG in a field setting and to obtain a gravimetric estimate of aquifer specific yield. The experiment confirmed successful operation of the SG, but water level changes were small (<0.3 m) leading to uncertainty in the estimate of specific yield. Barometric pressure changes were the dominant cause of both water level variations and non-tidal gravity changes. The specific yield estimate (0.26) is larger than most published values and dependent mainly on low frequency variations in residual gravity and water level time series. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2010,49(3-5):325-330
The network of superconducting gravimeters (SG) of the ‘Global Geodynamics Project’ (GGP) offers the unique opportunity to supplement and validate the gravity field variations derived from the GRACE satellite mission. Because of the different spatial and temporal resolutions of the gravity data a combination of all datasets can be used to retrieve a maximum of information regarding mass transfers especially related to hydrology which is deployable as constraint for hydrological modelling.For a consistent combination of the datasets the gap between terrestrial data of superconducting and absolute gravimeters (AG) and from satellite data has to be bridged. A successful combination of SG and AG data could be realized for several stations which resulted in time series of the highest accuracy and long-term stability.In principle, the same reductions applied to GRACE data have to be taken into account for the terrestrial data. The separation of local hydrological effects in SG observations is crucial for the comparison with satellite-derived gravity data. It is shown that even for stations with a hydrological challenging situation such as Moxa/Germany local hydrology-induced effects can be successfully modelled.Currently, the study focuses on Europe with its dense and long-term observation network. Regarding the consistency of the SG gravity variations they are representative for a larger region. From a comparison with GRACE-derived gravity field changes, and the variations due to hydrological models a principle good agreement emerges. 相似文献
16.
Results for more than 42 months of observations with the superconducting gravimeter CD-034 at the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa are discussed. Moxa observatory is one of the newer stations within the ‘Global Geodynamics Project’ (GGP). A special feature of the gravimeter at Moxa is its dual sensor system; differences in the results obtained from the two sensor recordings are generally well within the standard deviations of the tidal analysis. One significant difference concerns the slightly different drift rates of 31 and 49.5 nm/s2 per year for upper and lower sensor; both sensor drifts can be fitted by a linear function. We find that the noise levels are close to the ‘New Low Noise Model’ for the seismic-modes and are also low in the tidal bands. Due to this low noise, Moxa is a station well suited to search for small geodynamic signals. The long-period variation in the gravity residuals correlates well with the polar motion.The difference signal between the two sensor recordings has a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 6 nm/s2 and shows systematic variations. Its spectrum is characterised by instrumental noise between 0.2 and 0.4 cph. The noise level of the difference and of the sum of the two residual datasets are clearly lower, respectively, higher than the noise contents of the gravity residuals themselves. This is a strong indication for the existence of broadband signals common to the two residual datasets, leading to the conjecture that the reduction of environmental effects is still not sufficient.Our results once more emphasize the necessity to correct the data for barometric pressure effects when analyzing the data for seismic modes. The reduction visibly increases the signal-to-noise ratio in the low frequencies of the mode band and helps to avoid misinterpreations of peaks. Besides the well known barometric pressure influence we can establish hydrological effects in the data which are probably caused by soil moisture and groundwater table variations as well as by batch-wise water movement within the weathering layer. As the major part of the observatory surroundings is above gravimeter level, an anticorrelation between hydrological and gravity changes is observed. In addition, it can be shown that global hydrological effects reach an order of magnitude that makes it necessary to consider these effects when analyzing long-period signals like polar motion. Vice versa these effects are large enough to be detectable in the gravity data. A first joint analysis of five datasets from the GGP network shows no indications for signals related to the Slichter triplet or core modes. 相似文献
17.
The increasing number of hydro-gravimetry studies proves the rising interest of the hydrology community toward this monitoring method. The accuracy of superconducting gravimeters (SG) potentially allows the retrieval of small water storage changes (WSC) down to a few millimeters of equivalent water thickness. However, the importance of corrections applied to SG data to achieve such a precision in gravity residuals should be recalled. The Djougou permanent gravity station presented in this paper and located in northern Benin, West-Africa, provides a good opportunity to review these considerations. This station is equipped since July 2010 with the superconducting gravimeter SG-060 aimed at deriving WSC at different time-scales, daily to inter-annual. In this area, WSC are (1) part of the control system for evapotranspiration (ET) process, a key variable of the West-African monsoon cycle and (2) the state variable for resource management, a critical issue in storage-poor hard rock basement contexts such as in northern Benin. The potential for deriving WSC from time-lapse gravity data partly depends on environmental features such as topography and the instrument shelter. Therefore, this issue is addressed first, with the background idea that such sensitivity analysis should be undertaken before setting up any new instrument. In Djougou, local topography is quite flat leading to a theoretical straightforward relationship between gravity changes and WSC, close to the standard Bouguer value. However, the shelter plays a significant masking role, which is the principal limitation to the retrieval of fast hydrological processes such as ET following a rain event. Several issues concerning classical gravity corrections are also addressed in the paper. These include gap-filling procedures during rain-events and drift estimates for short time series. Special attention is provided to atmospheric corrections, and different approaches are tested: a simple scalar admittance, a filtered scalar admittance, a frequency-dependent admittance and direct atmospheric loading calculations. It is shown that the physically based approach of direct loading calculations performs better in both residual minimization and ET retrieval. Moreover, non-local hydrological effects are investigated and account for about 20% of the gravity residuals. Finally, gravity residuals are briefly analyzed at two distinct time scales: rapid (up to a few days) and seasonal. At the rapid time-scale, it is shown that ET retrieval is hardly achievable given shelter size and state-of-the-art atmospheric corrections. Still, mean values retrieved from this study are in accordance with known values of potential ET and lateral flow. Direct comparison of gravity changes with hydrological data (neutron probe monitoring and water table levels) show some discrepancies, particularly for the hydrological year of 2011, for which all hydrological data show a deficit, but SG and FG5 data do not. This preliminary analysis both provides a basis and call for further hydro-gravity modeling, to comprehensively investigate the water-cycle at the Djougou station. 相似文献
18.
Tackling mass redistribution phenomena by time-dependent GRACE- and terrestrial gravity observations
Time variable gravity field models derived from the satellite mission GRACE have been demonstrated to be consistent with water mass variations in the global hydrological cycle. Independent observations are provided by terrestrial measurements. In order to achieve a maximum of reliability and information gain, ground-based gravity observations may be deployed for comparison with the gravity field variations derived from the GRACE satellite mission. In this context, the data of the network of superconducting gravimeters (SG) of the ‘Global Geodynamics Project’ (GGP) are of particular interest. This study is focused on the dense SG network in Central Europe with its long-term gravity observations. It is shown that after the separation and reduction of local hydrological effects in the SG observations especially for subsurface stations, the time-variable gravity signals from GRACE agree well with the terrestrial observations from the SG station cluster.Station stability of the SG sites with respect to vertical deformations was checked by GNSS based observations. Most of the variability can be explained by loading effects due to changes in continental water storage, and, in general, the stability of all stations has been confirmed.From comparisons based on correlation and coherence analyses in combination with the root mean square (RMS) variability of the time series emerges, that the maximum correspondence between the SG and GRACE time series is achieved when filtering the GRACE data with Gaussian filters of about 1000 km filter length, which is in accordance with previous publications.Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) analysis was applied to the gravity time series in order to identify common characteristic spatial and temporal patterns. The high correspondence of the first modes for GRACE and SG data implies that the first EOF mode represents a large-scale (Central European) time-variable gravity signal seen by both the GRACE satellites and the SG cluster. 相似文献
19.
The gravitational effects of water storage variations driven by local precipitation events are modeled for the Walferdange Underground Laboratory for Geodynamics (WULG) in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. A modified mass continuity model is implemented, which uses rainfall data from Walferdange as input. In the absence of soil moisture and groundwater level information, the model is empirically parameterized. Model outputs are compared to the gravity time series registered with the Observatory Superconducting Gravimeter CT040 located in the WULG. We find that the model explains 77% of the gravity residuals. In addition, a statistical analysis is carried out to determine the relationship between precipitation, gravity variations and water level changes in the nearby Alzette River. A time delay of 88 ± 34 min between the maximum variation rates of the water level and gravity signal has been calculated. The signals have an admittance of 45 ± 5 cm μGal?1. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2010,49(3-5):189-194
We investigate the contribution of local and global hydrology to the superconducting gravimeter (SG) installed in the Strasbourg observatory. A deterministic approach is presented to account for the contribution of water storage variations in the soils in the vicinity of the gravimeter: both amount and distribution of water masses are determined before calculating Newtonian attraction. No adjustment is performed on gravity time series.Two multi-depth Frequency Domain Reflectometer (FDR) probes have been installed to monitor the amount of water stored in the soil layer above the gravimeter. Since August 2005, they have been monitoring the variation of the water content of the entire soil thickness. Several investigations have been undertaken in order to estimate the distribution of water masses: a precise local DEM (Digital Elevation Model) has been determined using differential GPS. The geometry and heterogeneity of the soil layer have been evaluated thanks to geophysical and geomechanical prospections. The comparison between observed and modelled gravity variations shows that daily up to seasonal variations are in good agreement. For long-term variations, deep water storage and other processes have to be modelled to explain recorded gravity variations. 相似文献