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1.
气压和温度对南极中山站重力场观测的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对南极中山站1998-12-26-2000-01-01的气压、温度和重力场潮汐及非潮汐变化观测资料进行了综合对比与相关分析,研究了气压和温度变化对重力场观测的影响.结果表明,在南极中山站,重力场和气压变化存在很强的相关性,气压变化对重力场的影响非常大,且随频率的增加呈减少的趋势气压在长周期、周日、半日和1/3日频段的平均重力导纳值分别为-1.6834,-1.5304,-0.9450,-0.8791μGal/hPa,与中、低纬度地区的同类观测结果之间存在很大的差异,具有明显的"反变气压计"效应.重力场和温度变化的相关性随时间不同存在较大的差异,温度对重力场观测的影响主要反应在长周期频段,温度的平均重力导纳值为0.6296μGal/℃,对重力场高频(包括周日、半日和1/3日潮汐频段)扰动的贡献极小.气压和温度改正后,潮汐各频段的标准偏差有不同程度的下降,周日和半日频段的标准偏差从6.63μGal和1.41μGal分别下降到2.11μGal和1.13μGal,各重力潮波的观测精度都有提高;重力残差的振幅谱在各频段,特别是在长周期频段明显降低. 相似文献
2.
选取2015—2018年兰州和高台连续重力观测站整点值数据,分析2016年1月21日门源MS 6.4地震前2个台站连续重力数据非潮汐变化特征,发现2个台站在此次地震发生前1年,分别观测到重力数据出现持续约6个月的重力非潮汐上升变化,月均变化速度分别为9.36μGal、6.17μGal,累计变化振幅分别达到56.15μGal、37.05μGal。通过对观测站点周边观测环境的详细核实和理论计算,排除台站周边环境干扰因素,认为震前6个月的重力非潮汐持续性下降变化应与此次MS 6.4地震孕震过程有关。本研究结果可为揭示此次门源地震的孕震机理提供一定参考,为后续地震预测中重力观测指标的建立提供一定参考。 相似文献
3.
地震分析预报的重力变化异常指标分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
定义了描述地震前重力变化异常时变距和量级的参数S和G。根据收集到的89个4.0级以上地震震例,统计分析了震前重力变化异常范围和量级与震级的关系,得到了流动重力地震分析预报的量化参考指标。结果表明:5、6、7、8级地震震级判定的重力变化异常量级参考指标分别为50、70、90、120μGal,重力变化异常范围参考指标分别为140、220、350、660km。此外,由于流动重力观测周期等方面的局限性,根据流动重力观测资料尚难以获得震级与重力变化异常时间过程的关系。 相似文献
4.
本文用澜沧—耿马地震前后昆明台和弥渡台的重力固体潮观测资料对震前昆明、弥渡的重力场进行了潮汐变化和非潮汐变化的分析研究。研究表明澜沧—耿马地震前昆明、弥渡的重力场变化有如下特征:1.重力值变化和重力值差分值变化不明显。2.重力潮汐因子有较明显的负异常变化。3.重力潮汐因子变化的异常时间和1976年5月29日龙陵7.3、7.4级地震异常时间半年多接近;异常的最大变幅处于同一量级,但澜沧地震前昆明台的最大变幅4.7%比龙陵地震前的最大变幅3.4%稍大。4.重力潮汐因子变化有较明显的中期异常,短期异常也有一定反映,但临震异常不明显。 相似文献
5.
绝对重力仪是用于直接测量重力加速度值的精密仪器,可以作为计量标准器对相对重力仪进行定期校准.现有绝对重力仪的测量精度可达微伽(1μGal=1×10-8m/s2)量级,测量精度主要受振动噪声的限制.垂直隔振和振动补偿技术是目前常用的两种处理振动噪声的方法.随着绝对重力仪在野外流动重力观测和海洋/航空重力测量中的应用需求日... 相似文献
6.
收集了粤桂琼地区4个台站的连续重力观测资料和雷琼地区的流动重力观测资料,研究了广西北流—广东化州5.2级地震前粤桂琼地区重力变化特征。其中连续重力观测资料的分析从重力扰动和重力M2波潮汐因子变化两个方面进行;流动重力观测资料的分析从重力场差分动态和累积动态变化两个方面进行。连续重力观测资料的研究表明震前粤桂琼地区连续重力观测资料无异常现象;雷琼地区流动重力观测资料的研究结果表明,广西北流—广东化州5.2级地震前,震中附近地区存在重力场变化异常,异常持续时间约2年,异常范围约100 km,异常量级约50x10~(-8)m·s~(-2),地震发生于重力场变化的高梯度带上。 相似文献
7.
首次观测到的由地震引起的绝对重力变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
首次用绝对重力测量观测到明确的同震重力变化。恰好在1次M6．1地震的前1天和震后7天进行了绝对重力测量。观测到的绝对重力变化为－6μGal,显著地大于约1μGal的观测误差。特别有意义的是，所观测到的空间重力变化与仅用位移数据建立起来的弹性位错模型预测的结果非常一致。该结果强烈地激励我们对重力和位移同时进行反演，以更好地了解地震。 相似文献
8.
本文从地下水渗透过程的物理机制出发,采用一维水动力学模拟,利用井水位和降雨数据模拟计算了武汉九峰站附近的土壤含水率变化,在此基础上估计了地下水变化导致的重力效应.其峰对峰变化幅度达到15.94μGal,说明当利用精密重力观测研究长周期效应时实施台站地下水改正的必要性;频域分析表明,地下水重力效应在周年频段上的振幅最大,说明地下水变化对重力的最大影响来自季节性变化.对比模拟计算的地下水重力效应和经过潮汐、大气、极移等改正后的高精度超导重力残差(峰对峰变化幅度为12.73μGal),发现两者在时域和频域均具有良好的一致性,说明超导重力残差信号主要来源于局部地区地下水的变化,同时也验证了本文使用的水动力学模拟方法的正确性. 相似文献
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10.
利用2018年庐山重力短基线场绝对重力和相对重力观测资料,基于绝对重力控制下的相对重力联测方式对庐山基线场的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明：庐山基线场2015～2018年测段重力变化为-11.6～13.4μGal、均值-0.962μGal,较小的重力变化表明庐山短基线重力场较稳定;2000～2018年测段重力变化为-39～33.5μGal、均值-0.275μGal,总体以G16测点为界呈分化特征,上山侧（G16～JZ04）重力变化较平缓（约-3 μGal）,下山侧（G03～G16）因G04、G14测点重力值变化显著（分别为-24.95、-18.5μGal）,导致相邻测段重力变化剧烈;测段重力变化与段差比值（B）为1.19×10-4～3.58×10-3;庐山及其周边地区由地表垂直运动引起的重力变化速率为0.7543±0.16μGal/a;近期研究区地震活动性呈震级小、沿断裂带集中分布特征;重力变化对相对重力仪一次项系数标定结果影响较大（正比于B值）,对校正精度影响小,利用以往重力观测成果进行一次项系数标定时,绝对重力测段JZ02～JZ04误差影响小于最大重力段差测段,定期维护和复测是保障高精度重力短基线场的有效途径。 相似文献
11.
The long‐term (10–100 years) evolution of tidal channels is generally considered to interact with the bio‐geomorphic evolution of the surrounding intertidal platform. Here we studied how the geometric properties of tidal channels (channel drainage density and channel width) change as (1) vegetation establishes on an initially bare intertidal platform and (2) sediment accretion on the intertidal platform leads to a reduction in the tidal prism (i.e. water volume that during a tidal cycle floods to and drains back from the intertidal platform). Based on a time series of aerial photographs and digital elevation models, we derived the channel geometric properties at different time steps during the evolution from an initially low‐elevated bare tidal flat towards a high‐elevated vegetated marsh. We found that vegetation establishment causes a marked increase in channel drainage density. This is explained as the friction exerted by patches of pioneer vegetation concentrates the flow in between the vegetation patches and promotes there the erosion of channels. Once vegetation has established, continued sediment accretion and tidal prism reduction do not result in significant further changes in channel drainage density and in channel widths. We hypothesize that this is explained by a partitioning of the tidal flow between concentrated channel flow, as long as the vegetation is not submerged, and more homogeneous sheet flow as the vegetation is deeply submerged. Hence, a reduction of the tidal prism due to sediment accretion on the intertidal platform, reduces especially the volume of sheet flow (which does not affect channel geometry), while the concentrated channel flow (i.e. the landscape forming volume of water) is not much affected by the tidal prism reduction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Résumé L'Archipel de Kneiss, dans le Golfe de Gabès (sud-est Tunisien), est un milieu à originalités multiples. Il est unique en son genre en Tunisie en raison de la variété de son paysage morphologique (marais maritimes, falaises, plages sableuses et îlots qui émergent des hauts fonds). Il est caractérisé par la présence de chenaux de marée submergés. L'objectif principal de ce présent travail est de caractériser les principales composantes qui interviennent dans la dynamique sédimentaire au niveau de ces chenaux. Les résultats des analyses granulométriques et minéralogiques des sédiments de surface prélevés au niveau des chenaux de marée ont permis d'identifier l'origine de ces sédiments et de préciser les facteurs et les phénomènes qui interviennent dans leur transport et leur dépôt. Ces résultats montrent que les sables des chenaux de marée présentent un granoclassement décroissant de l'aval vers l'amont, ce qui prouve que les courants de marée ont une action plus importante lors du flot que lors du jusant. Ces résultats montrent aussi que le mode de transport est exclusivement le roulement par les courants de marée. Les minéraux argileux et non argileux des sédiments de surface auraient pour origine essentiellement les formations géologiques qui affleurent dans l'arrière-pays. L'analyse des photographies aériennes montre que les chenaux de marée présentent une évolution morphologique. Citation Bali, M. & Gueddari, M. (2011) Les chenaux de marée autour des îles de Kneiss, Tunisie: sédimentologie et évolution. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(3), 498–506. 相似文献
13.
The earth tide is usually ignored in orogenesis (geosynclinal activity) and magmatic activity. We believe that the role of
earth tide in crustal movement should not be ignored. The elemental dynamic analysis of origin of magma chamber under dissipative
tidal heating model and orogenic process driven by alternating earth tidal force is depicted.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 508–513, 1993.
Xue-Min AI and Liang CHI also worked for this project.
This work was supported by the Laboratory of Dynamical Geodesy, Academia Sinica.
Translated from Chinese into English by Liang CHI. 相似文献
14.
Simulating the role of tides and sediment characteristics on tidal flat sorting and bedding dynamics
Zeng Zhou Qian Liu Daidu Fan Giovanni Coco Zheng Gong Iris Möller Fan Xu Ian Townend Changkuan Zhang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(11):2163-2176
Understanding sediment sorting and bedding dynamics has high value to unravelling the mechanisms underlying geomorphological, geological, ecological and environmental imprints of tidal wetlands and hence to predicting their future changes. Using the Nanhui tidal flat on the Changjiang (Yangtze) Delta, China, as a reference site, this study establishes a schematized morphodynamic model coupling flow, sediment dynamics and bed level change to explore the processes that govern sediment sorting and bedding phenomena. Model results indicate an overall agreement with field data in terms of tidal current velocities, suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs), deposition thicknesses and sedimentary structures. Depending on the variation of tidal current strength, sand-dominated layers (SDLs) and mud-dominated layers (MDLs) tend to form during spring and neap tides, respectively. Thinner tidal couplets are developed during daily scale flood–ebb variations. A larger tidal level variation during a spring–neap tidal cycle, associated with a stronger tidal current variation, favours the formation of SDLs and tidal couplets. A larger boundary sediment supply generally promotes the formation of tidal bedding, though the bedding detail is partially dependent on the SSC composition of different sediment types. Sediment properties, including for example grain size and settling velocity, are also found to influence sediment sorting and bedding characteristics. In particular, finer and coarser sediment respond differently to spring and neap tides. During neap tides, relatively small flow velocities favour the deposition of finer sediment, with limited coarser sediment being transported to the upper tidal flat because of the larger settling velocity. During spring tides, larger flow velocities transport more coarser sediment to the upper tidal flat, accounting for distinct lamination formation. Model results are qualitatively consistent with field observations, but the role of waves, biological processes and alongshore currents needs to be included in further studies to establish a more complete understanding. 相似文献
15.
中国数字地震观测网络"十五"计划期间,在全国布设约40台我国自主研发的YRY-4型分量式钻孔应变仪.现已取得一批固体潮观测数据,计算M2波潮汐因子的结果表明,潮汐因子的相对精度最高达到了0.001.在此基础上,发现各观测点潮汐响应(潮汐因子)与理论模型比较有很大的离散性及有规律的方位各向异性.本文提出断层隔离是造成各台站潮汐因子偏离理论值及方位各向异性的主要原因.有限元断层地块模型应变方位响应与台站实测方位响应的一致,支持了这一观点.潮汐响应各向异性现象有望在地质构造研究、城市断层探测、地块活动微动态、地震烈度区划等研究领域发挥作用.也可为GPS等空间大地测量观测数据改进潮汐位移修正,提供参考. 相似文献
16.
On the stability relationships between tidal asymmetry and morphologies of tidal basins and estuaries 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zeng Zhou Giovanni Coco Ian Townend Zheng Gong Zhengbing Wang Changkuan Zhang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(9):1943-1959
Simple stability relationships are practically useful to provide a rapid assessment of coastal and estuarine landforms in response to human interventions and long‐term climate change. In this contribution, we review a variety of simple stability relationships which are based on the analysis of tidal asymmetry (TA). Most of the existing TA‐based stability relationships are derived using the one‐dimensional tidal flow equations assuming a certain regular shape of the tidal channel cross‐sections. To facilitate analytical solutions, specific assumptions inevitably need to be made, for example by linearizing the friction term and dropping some negligible terms in the tidal flow equations. We find that three major types of TA‐based stability relationships have been proposed between three non‐dimensional channel geometric ratios (represented by the ratio of channel widths, ratio of wet surface areas and ratio of storage volumes) and the tide‐related parameter a/h (i.e. the ratio between tidal amplitude and mean water depth). Based on established geometric relations, we use these non‐dimensional ratios to restate the existing relationships so that they are directly comparable. Available datasets are further extended to examine the utility of these TA‐based relationships. Although a certain agreement is shown for these relationships, we also observe a large scatter of data points which are collected in different types of landscape, hydrodynamic and sedimentological settings over the world. We discuss in detail the potential reasons for this large scatter and subsequently elaborate on the limited applicability of the various TA‐based stability relationships for practical use. We highlight the need to delve further into what constitutes equilibrium and what is needed to develop more robust measures to determine the morphological state of these systems. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Flood and ebb currents provide different contributions to the initiation and evolution of tidal channel networks, generating diverse network structures and channel cross-sections. In order to separate the effects of these contributions, a physical model of a sloping tidal-flat basin was set up in the laboratory. Depending on the degree of tidal asymmetry imposed offshore, either flood or ebb currents can be enhanced. The experimental results show that the ebb current has a higher capability to initiate and shape tidal networks than the flood current. Headward erosion is mainly induced by the ebb flow. The slightly inclined flat surface tends to reduce the energy of the flood current and to enhance the ebb current, thus prolonging the duration of morphodynamic activity as well as sediment motion. Overall, flood-dominated tides favour the formation of small-scale channel branches in the upper basin zone, while long lasting ebb-dominated tides result in more complex, wider and deeper tidal networks. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Study on tidal gravity observations obtained at stations Zhongshan and Changcheng, Antarctic 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lü Chun-cao 《地震学报(英文版)》2001,14(3):325-332
IntroductionThe purpose of the studies on the tidal gravity observations on the Earth(s surface is to investigate the properties of the deformation and the tidal gravity variations of the Earth under the action of the luni-solar tidal force. These variations relate to the internal structure, shape and the medium(s rheology properties of the Earth (Wahr, 1981; Dehant, 1987). The theoretical studies and observations indicated that the amplitudes and the tidal parameters, including the amplitud… 相似文献
19.
利用3台LaCoste-Romberg型弹簧重力仪（G-589、ET-20和ET-21）在南极中山站和长城站的长期重力潮汐观测资料，在武汉国际重力潮汐基准上精密测定了中山站和长城站的重力潮汐参数，其中主波振幅因子的标准偏差优于0.5％．各潮波的观测振幅在中山站比在长城站的小得多，两站周日潮（O1）的观测振幅因子相差约7％，而半日潮（M2）的观测振幅因子相差超过40％，气压和温度等气象因素的变化对观测结果的影响很明显．海潮负荷对两台站潮汐观测的影响非常显著，采用Schwiderski全球海潮模型对观测结果作海潮负荷重力改正．结果表明，经海潮改正后，各潮波的观测残差有较大幅度的减小，但是，由于采用的海潮模型没有顾及台站近区的海潮负荷效应，所以，O1 波的振幅因子对相应理论潮汐模型值之间存在大约4％（中山站）和9％（长城站）的偏差． 相似文献
20.
Daniel J. Nowacki Andrea S. Ogston Charles A. Nittrouer Aaron T. Fricke Nils E. Asp Pedro Walfir M. Souza Filho 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(9):1846-1859
Mainstem–floodplain material exchange in the tidal freshwater reach of major rivers may lead to significant sequestration of riverine sediment, but this zone remains understudied compared to adjacent fluvial and marine environments. This knowledge gap prompts investigation of floodplain-incising tidal channels found along the banks of tidal rivers and their role in facilitating water and suspended-sediment fluxes between mainstem and floodplain. To evaluate this role, and how it evolves along the tidal river and with time, we measured water level, flow velocity, temperature, and suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) in four tidal channels along the tidal Amazon River, Brazil. Eleven deployments were made during low, rising, high, and falling seasonal Amazon discharge. Generally, channels export high-SSC water from the mainstem to the tidal floodplain on flood tides and transfer low-SSC water back to the mainstem on ebbs. Along the length of the tidal river, the interaction between tidal and seasonal water-level variations and channel–floodplain morphology is a primary control on tidal-channel sediment dynamics. Close to the river mouth, where tides are large, this interaction produces transient flow features and current-induced sediment resuspension, but the importance of these processes decreases with distance upstream. Although the magnitude of the exchange of water and sediment between mainstem and floodplain via tidal channels is a small percentage of the total mainstem discharge in this large tidal-river system, tidal channels are important conduits for material flux between these two environments. This flux is critical to resisting floodplain submergence during times of rising sea level. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献