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岩石中的弹性波传播特性研究一直是地球物理学研究中的基础科学问题和难点.Biot理论的提出为流固双相介质理论奠定了基础.Biot理论中假设固相、液相的本构关系是线弹性的.而当实际储层中含高黏度的流体时,流体往往表现出一定的非牛顿流体性质.本文主要针对含高黏度流体的孔隙介质,在Biot理论模型中引入线性黏弹性的Maxwell流体本构方程.要通过动态黏度入手,表征非牛顿流体的特性,改进并给出了含高黏度孔隙流体介质的模型.通过数值模拟分析了所提出的模型的特性,并分析了初始黏度和孔隙度参数对模型数值分析结果的影响.最后选取超声波实验数据验证了模型的适用性,结果表明该理论模型的预测结果可较好地反映含高黏度流体孔隙介质的波传播特性. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(3)
流体因子是一种指示储层含流体特征的常用工具,在储层流体识别中发挥着重要作用.现有的大多数流体因子除了反映孔隙流体性质以外还与孔隙度密切相关,对同一储层的高孔和低孔区域具有不同的流体敏感性,可能造成非均质储层的流体识别假象.本文提出一种消除孔隙度影响的流体因子,并将其应用于非均质储层流体识别.首先根据研究区地质特征选择并校准岩石物理模型,以此为基础优选横波阻抗I_S和饱和岩石体积模量与剪切模量之比K_(sat)/μ_(sat)构建能够分离岩石骨架和孔隙流体性质的I_S-K_(sat)/μ_(sat)岩石物理模板;而后通过对数域多项式拟合和归一化的方式构建孔隙度非敏感流体因子PINF(Porosity-Insensitive Normalized Fluid Factor).最后将本文提出的流体因子应用于苏里格气田非均质储层流体识别,实际测井和地震资料测试结果表明该流体因子的预测结果与测井解释结果相符,在同一储层段的高孔和低孔区域均显现出较好的应用效果,适用于非均质储层流体识别. 相似文献
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研究表明流体引起衰减与频散往往表现为频变AVO现象.一些频散地震属性,例如纵波频散,已经证实为可靠的碳氢指示因子.为了更有效地识别流体,基于f-μ-ρ近似构建了新的流体因子Df,即频变流体项.该属性的反演首先需要连续小波变换(CWT)谱分解得到不同频带地震数据,通过去相关与先验约束来保证反演结果可靠性.模型试算证实了频变反射系数近似公式的精度可靠性,Df可以识别出强衰减介质所引起的频散现象.实际数据试算中,Df可以较好地识别储层孔隙流体,尤其对于气层,具有较好的指示效果.该流体因子将Gassmann流体项的高孔隙流体敏感性与叠前数据丰富的振幅频率信息相结合,反演效果与岩石物理认识相符.此研究有助于利用衰减频散现象借助AVO反演实现流体识别. 相似文献
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孔隙介质弹性波频散—衰减理论模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
储层地球物理学中,孔隙介质的各类弹性波模型常用于了解地层岩石物理性质.本文介绍了含油、气、水等物质的多相孔隙介质弹性波频散和衰减研究进展,给出了流体饱和与部分饱和孔隙介质中波传播的物理模型综述.根据孔隙介质中的固、流体分布情况,从相关基础理论和实验研究工作等方面出发,在宏观、微观和介观尺度上对流体替换、Biot孔隙力学、喷射流、Biot喷射流(BISQ)、等效球体癍块饱和、双重孔隙介质局部流动等现有主要合流体孔隙介质速度频散和衰减理论进行了回顾.研究表明,应力松弛过程是弹性波频散和衰减的基本机理,该过程由平衡特征时间刻画.该特征时间与孔隙介质的渗透率、流体粘性和体积模量紧密相关.当波频较低时,特征时间小于波周期,压力平衡得以发生,可以用等效流体模型描述波速;反之,当波频较高时,局部压差始终保持较高水平。整个骨架体积模量升高,等效模型面临困难,发展出斑块饱和模型.在分析了各类模型理论框架适用性以及所面临困难后,我们对未来研究方向给出了一些有意义的探讨. 相似文献
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杜向东 《CT理论与应用研究》2013,(3):409-420
以地震资料为主体的储层流体识别技术对现阶段油气勘探具有重要意义。本文利用岩石模量参数与品质因子作为储层流体指示因子,从提高流体指示因子估算可靠性的角度出发,分别研究了基于弹性阻抗反演的弹性模量参数直接估算方法与基于小波域QVO的品质因子估算方法。岩石模量参数直接估算方法在充分利用弹性阻抗反演高抗噪性与实用性的同时,有效地避免了间接累计误差的影响。品质因子的估算方法基于零相位子波假设,通过对小波域叠前品质因子的归零处理消除叠加平均效应。通过模型试算验证两种方法的流体判识可行性;并且结合实际资料进一步表明岩石模量与品质因子信息的综合应用可以提高储层流体的检测质量。 相似文献
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针对砾岩储层的砂、砾、泥三重孔隙结构特征,本文分析砾岩孔隙区域、砂岩孔隙区域以及泥岩孔隙区域相互之间的孔隙流体流动机制,将静态的砾岩骨架本构方程与动态的孔隙流体运动方程联立,提出了复杂砾岩储层的弹性波传播理论方程.采用实测砾岩储层参数,在算例中与双重孔隙介质理论进行对比分析,验证了本文理论方程的合理性;基于三重孔隙介质模型,分析不同储层环境下纵波的传播特征,结果显示:随流体黏滞系数增大,在衰减-频率轴坐标系中,砾与砂、砂与泥孔隙区域间局域流导致的两个衰减峰向低频端移动,而Biot全局流导致的衰减峰向高频端移动;嵌入体尺寸及背景相介质渗透率的变化,主要影响纵波速度频散曲线沿频率轴左、右平移,不影响波速低频、高频极限幅值;嵌入体含量及孔隙度的变化改变了岩石干骨架的弹性、密度参数,不仅影响速度频散曲线沿频率轴平移,而且影响其上、下限幅值;砾包砂包泥三重孔隙介质模型所预测的衰减曲线中,低频段"第一个衰减峰"主要由砾岩孔隙区域与砂岩孔隙区域之间的局域流导致,中间频段"第二个衰减峰"主要由砂岩孔隙区域与泥岩孔隙区域之间的局域流导致,超声频段"第三个衰减峰"由Biot全局流导致.对慢纵波传播特征的分析显示,砂岩骨架(局部孔隙度较大)内部的宏观孔隙流体流动造成的耗散明显强于砾岩与泥岩骨架. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(1)
地震流体识别指利用地震资料对储层含流体特征进行识别与描述.含流体储层地震岩石物理是地震流体识别的基础,是搭建储层弹性参数与物性参数的桥梁,是实现含油气储层流体定量表征的重要发展方向.岩石物理驱动下地震流体识别研究有助于认识地下油气储层含流体特征及分布规律.文章概述地震流体识别及相关基础研究中的关键科学问题,着重评述国内外岩石物理驱动下地震流体识别研究的主要进展,探究地震流体识别研究面临的机遇,挑战及未来的研究方向.理论研究和实际应用表明,地震流体识别要以岩石物理及数值模拟为理论基础,发展有效的流体敏感参数构建及评价方法;以地震资料为数据支撑,形成有效的地震资料品质评价方法;以地震反演为技术保障,发展可靠的地震反演策略. 相似文献
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Changcheng Liu Deva Prasad Ghosh Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Salim Weng Sum Chow 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(1):140-149
Amplitude interpretation for hydrocarbon prediction is an important task in the oil and gas industry. Seismic amplitude is dominated by porosity, the volume of clay, pore-filled fluid type and lithology. A few seismic attributes are proposed to predict the existence of hydrocarbon. This paper proposes a new fluid factor by adding a correct item based on the J attribute. The algorithm is verified through stochastic Monte Carlo modelling that contains various rock physical properties of sand and shale. Both gas and oil responses are separated by the new fluid factor. Furthermore, an approach based on the neural network model is trained using the deep learning method to predict the new fluid factor. The confusion matrix shows that this model performs well. This model allows the application of the new fluid factor in the seismic data. In this study, the Marmousi II data set is used to examine the performance of the new fluid factor, and the result is good. Most hydrocarbon reservoirs are identified in the shale–sandstone sequences. The combination of deep learning and the new fluid factor provides a more accurate way for hydrocarbon prediction. 相似文献
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液相渗透率描述了岩石的渗流特性,是评价储层与预测油气产能的重要参数.液相渗透率是指盐水溶液在岩石孔隙中流动且与岩石孔隙表面黏土矿物发生物理化学作用时所测得的渗透率;液相渗透率的实验测量条件更加接近实际地层泥质砂岩的条件,使得液相渗透率更能反映地层条件下泥质砂岩的渗流特性;然而,现有的液相渗透率评价模型较少,且模型未能揭示液相渗透率与溶液矿化度之间的关系.基于此,开展了液相渗透模型推导与计算方法研究;文中首先将岩石等效为毛管束模型,推导建立了液相渗透率与比表面、喉道曲折度、总孔隙度、黏土束缚水孔隙度等参数之间的关系;其次,根据岩石物理体积模型,推导建立了黏土束缚水孔隙度与阳离子交换容量、溶液矿化度等参数的关系;最终,将黏土束缚水孔隙度引入液相渗透率计算公式,建立了基于总孔隙度、阳离子交换容量、溶液矿化度、比表面、喉道曲折度等参数的液相渗透率理论计算模型.液相渗透率计算模型与两组实验数据均表明,液相渗透率随阳离子交换容量的增大而降低,随溶液矿化度的增大而增大.然而,液相渗透率理论计算模型的实际应用中喉道曲折度、比表面等参数求取困难,直接利用理论模型计算液相渗透率受到限制.在分析液相渗透率与孔隙渗透率模型的基础上,建立了液相渗透率与空气渗透率之间的转换模型,形成了利用转化模型计算液相渗透率的新方法.为进一步验证液相渗透率与空气渗透率转化模型的准确性,基于两组实验数据,利用转换模型计算了液相渗透率;液相渗透率计算结果与岩心测量液相渗透率实验结果对比显示,液相渗透率计算结果与实际岩心测量结果吻合较好,文中建立的液相渗透率与空气渗透率转化模型合理可靠. 相似文献
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用核磁共振测井资料评价碳酸盐岩等复杂岩性储集层 总被引：4，自引：10，他引：4
对于碳酸盐岩等复杂岩性油气藏，由于其储集空间复杂、非均质性强等因素，用常规测井技术难以进行准确描述.核磁共振测井测量的对象是储层空间中的流体，因而可以直接用来划分储集层，而且能提供几乎不受岩性影响的孔隙度和渗透率等参数；同时，由于其T2分布表征了岩石的孔隙结构，所以可以根据T2分布形态判断有效裂缝和溶蚀孔洞.通过多口井的岩心对比和成像测井对比，研究出了一套用MRIL和CMR 的T2分布形态评价储集空间的方法；此外，在特定条件下，根据核磁计算的有效孔隙度和可动流体体积给出了一个计算含油饱和度的公式.利用这些核磁测井技术及其分析方法对车古20古潜山碳酸盐岩储集层裂缝及溶蚀孔洞发育特征进行准确描述，还计算了埕北潜山复杂复杂岩性油气藏的饱和度，对于储量计算具有重要意义. 相似文献
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By analogy with P- and S-wave impedances, the product of Young's modulus and density can be termed as Young's impedance, which indicates the rock lithology and brittleness of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Poisson's ratio is also an effective indicator of rock brittleness and fluid property of unconventional reservoirs, and fracture weaknesses indicate the fracture properties (fracturing intensity and fracture fillings) in fracture-induced unconventional reservoirs. We aim to simultaneously estimate the Young's impedance, Poisson's ratio and fracture weaknesses from wide-azimuth surface seismic data in a fracture-induced shale gas reservoir, and use the horizontal transversely isotropic model to characterize the fractures. First, the linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient in terms of Young's impedance, Poisson's ratio, density and fracture weaknesses is derived for the case of a weak-contrast interface separating two weakly horizontal transversely isotropic media. In addition, an orthorhombic anisotropic case is also discussed in this paper. Then a Bayesian amplitude variation with incident angle and azimuth scheme with a model constraint is used to stably estimate Young's impedance, Poisson's ratio and fracture weaknesses with only PP-wave azimuthal seismic data. The proposed approach is finally demonstrated on both synthetic and real data sets with reasonable results. 相似文献
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P. F. WORTHINGTON 《Geophysical Prospecting》1982,30(5):673-687
The roots of the so-called shaly-sand problem in hydrocarbon evaluation lie in the effect of relatively fine-grained minerals upon measured electrical parameters of granular reservoirs. This influence manifests itself as an excess conductivity, over and above that due to the purely geometric effects of electrolyte distribution within the pore space. For formations with low shaliness, this excess conductivity is usually insignificant in typical oilfield situations. The influence of shaliness upon observed values of formation resistivity has been appraised by collating core-sample data from four different reservoirs. It has been demonstrated that during the course of electrical measurement under conditions of full electrolyte saturation, any given lithology can exhibit both negligible and highly significant shale effects depending upon the resistivity of the interstitial aqueous electrolyte. The effects of shaliness are also governed by the degree of water saturation. Because the manifestation of shaliness in electrical data is not a function of lithology alone, recourse is made to a more realistic concept of shale effects whereby a formation, or section of a formation, is classified as “effectively clean” or “effectively shaly” according to whether it obeys or defies, respectively, the fundamental empirical laws of Archie (1942). In particular, since an intrinsic formation factor can be obtained directly in fully-saturated effectively clean reservoirs, whereas only an apparent quantity may be recorded directly in fully-saturated effectively shaly reservoirs, the ratio of apparent to intrinsic formation factor serves as a useful conceptual indicator of shale effects, attaining the limiting value of unity only under effectively clean conditions. In the context of electrical measurement the terms “shaliness” and “shale effects” are evidently not synonymous and it is the latter which should be considered when selecting equations for the computation of water saturation. The implications for well-log analysis follow through formulated guidelines that describe the relative levels of shale effects in different zones of lithologically uniform reservoirs. 相似文献
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WANG Xiaoqiong XU Jianguo ZHAO Chenxu LIU Tongyuan GE Hongkui SHEN Yinghao WU Shan YU Jiayao HUANG Rongyan 《中国地震研究》2020,34(2):167-186
The premise of hydraulic fracturing is to have an accurate and detailed understanding of the rock mechanical properties and fracture propagation law of shale reservoirs. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical properties of the shale oil reservoir in the south of Songliao Basin is carried out. Based on the experiments and the in-situ stress analysis, the fracture propagation law of three types of shale reservoirs is obtained, and the suggestions for fracturing are put forward. The results have shown that the fracture propagation of pure shale and low mature reservoir is easy to open along the bedding plane under compression loading, which is greatly influenced by the bedding. Sand-bearing shale is slightly better, the fractures of which are not easy to open along the bedding plane. The mechanical experimental results show that all the samples have the characteristics of low compressive strength, low Young''s modulus and strong anisotropy, indicating that the shale oil reservoir is certain plastic, which is related to its high clay mineral content and controlled by the bedding development. Compared with pure shale and low mature shale, the sand-bearing shale has less clay content and less developed bedding, which maybe the main reason for its slightly better brittleness. Overall, the expansion of hydraulic fracture is controlled by in-situ stress and bedding. Because of the development of bedding, it is easy to form horizontal fractures. Thus it is not suitable for horizontal well fracturing. Because of the high content of clay minerals, the applicability of conventional slick hydraulic fracturing fluid is poor. It is suggested to use vertical well or directional well to carry out volume fracturing. In this way, the effect of bedding can be effectively used to open and connect the bedding and form a larger fracture network. 相似文献
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近几年受地震属性分析技术的启发,出现了利用测井属性分析泥页岩裂缝油气藏的新方法.为了避免常规测井信号受到噪声干扰影响裂缝识别效果,利用小波变换的高频属性对裂缝识别展开研究.以贵州岑巩地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组的泥页岩裂缝性油气藏为例,观察和分析野外黑色页岩露头、岩心薄片及镜下照片,总结了该地区裂缝发育特征和成因;然后着重利用研究区的测井资料,运用小波阈值去噪和小波高频属性方法对裂缝进行了识别.研究结果表明:研究区主要发育高角度剪性缝、张剪性缝、低角度滑脱缝及层间缝,采用的小波阈值去噪方法具有高信噪比和低均方差特点,在保留原始信号特点的基础上得到更加真实的信号;通过小波高频属性方法提取了声波时差信号中的高频信号,识别出了常规测井方法无法识别的泥页岩裂缝,该套方法成功在贵州岑巩页岩气裂缝识别中得到成功应用,并具有一定的借鉴意义. 相似文献
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随着二氧化碳地质封存、深部地热开采、地下储气库建设、页岩气开发、二次驱油/驱气等工业应用的快速发展,与地下流体注入有关的诱发地震活动呈现一定的增加趋势.利用声发射实验观测油气田典型岩石在三轴压缩条件下变形破坏过程与声发射活动特征,对研究注水诱发地震过程有着重要意义.本文利用四川盆地现场采集的震旦系白云岩及页岩,采用实验室声发射技术观测研究岩石三轴压缩变形破坏过程中地震波速度等物性参数及声发射事件时空分布特征.实验结果表明:震旦系白云岩及页岩在变形破坏过程中均有一定的声发射活动.根据声发射定位结果,声发射主要集中在破坏前后的较短时间内,页岩的层理面为结构弱面,控制最终破坏面的形态及声发射特征.根据应力-应变结果,白云岩在压缩的后期阶段有一定的扩容现象,但页岩在整个压缩阶段均没有明显扩容现象.研究结果表明四川盆地较古老的白云岩及页岩具有脆性破坏特征,地下流体注入容易诱发微震活动,形成裂缝,有利于页岩气压裂开采.微震活动有利于监测裂缝的发生发展,但同时在页岩气开发及二氧化碳地质封存时应采取相应的预防控制措施进行安全合理的储盖层管理,避免灾害性诱发地震的发生. 相似文献
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断裂（裂缝）对油气藏既有破坏又有保存作用。胜利埕岛奥陶系潜山油藏受裂缝控制,非均质性强,勘探目标预测难度大。本文以地震边缘检测为先验信息和启发因子,在自适应地震相干数据体上进行蚂蚁体追踪,精细检测裂缝,弥补了单一相干体检测分辨低的缺陷,获得了与钻井和实际地下情况吻合度更高的裂缝检测结果。对该区的油气勘探起到了指导作用。 相似文献
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裂缝型储层的描述包括预测裂缝分布特征和识别裂隙充填物.依据等效介质理论计算的纵波速度随裂缝密度的增大而减小.正演地震记录显示,裂缝介质含气时反射振幅最大,且变化程度比含油或含水时大.叠前方位AVO反演所得的各向异性梯度Bani与裂缝密度成正比,可用于描述有效裂缝发育强度.对于不同的裂缝密度,各向异性梯度Bani与各向同性梯度Biso的比值I(1)fluid近似为常数,且对流体敏感.经裂缝纵横比和背景介质拉梅常数修正后,流体因子Ifluid既不随纵横比变化,又不受背景介质的影响,是裂缝型储层敏感的流体识别因子.在塔里木盆地塔北哈拉哈塘地区热瓦普区块碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育区域,运用该参数在井点处的流体识别效果与钻井结果一致. 相似文献