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《地震地磁观测与研究》2016,(5)
根据攀枝花地震台川05井所处构造环境,研究其水位观测前兆异常,探讨对应地震的中长期、短临异常时空变化规律和形态变化幅度等动态特征,试图寻找川05井水位观测前兆异常变化与地震的对应关系,给出川05井水位短临异常变化幅度与震级、震中距的经验公式,初步获得水位异常变化与震中的关系,为今后水位异常预测地震发生地提供依据。 相似文献
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地下水位短临异常演化特征及其与地震关系的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文对1976年唐山地震以来华北地区Ms≥5．0地震前的地下水位异常资料进行了系统整理，分析研究了水位短临前兆异常的时空演化特征及其与地震的关系。结果表明：震前水位短临异常的空间分布主要集中在一定范围并沿活动断裂带展布，且不均匀；大部分地震的水位短期异常较临震异常多；震前水位短期异常向临震异常过度时，分布区向震源区收缩，但在震中距100km左右以内这种现象不明显；震级与短临异常展布范围、短期异常幅度有一定关系，而与临震时期异常大小的关系不明显；地震发震时间与异常的超前、持续以及等待时间有关；地震发生地点与异常分布特征有关，震中往往不在短临异常集中区的几何中心，而是在异常范围内的某一侧或异常迁移方向附近。 相似文献
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归纳总结了安庆M_S4.8地震、高邮-宝应M_S4.9地震前出现的地下流体异常,并对其形成机理作了初步讨论。结果显示,这2次地震前地下流体异常特征比较相似。在时间进程上,都表现出中期趋势背景异常与短临异常的配套性特征。在空间分布上,中期趋势背景阶段,水位异常均表现为震中附近流体井水位呈趋势性转折上升,而震中外围流体井水位呈趋势性转折下降的特点。且转折上升的流体井在空间上的分布方位与地震的发震断层走向一致。在短临阶段,异常均表现为先向外迁移继而向震中靠拢的特点。水位在空间上的规律性分布可能受区域应力场作用以及区域构造格局所控制。 相似文献
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地壳形变短临异常与地下水位短临异常关系及识别方法的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对1976以来华北地区Ms≥5．0地震前的地壳形变和地下水位资料进行了系统整理，分析研究了地壳形变短临异常与地下水位短临异常间的关系，假如把相距不超过70km的一组形变与水位异常称为一个异常对次，则有：①临震异常对次远远小于短期异常对次；无论是短期异常还是临震异常，形变异常开始时间大部分早于水位异常开始时间；②住短期异常过程中，变形压或压缩与水位升、变形张或膨胀与水位升的异常对次所占比例不高；变形压或压缩与水位降、变形张或膨胀与水位降的异常对次所占比例较高，且变形张或膨胀与水位降占优，在临震异常过程中，变形压或压缩与水位升的异常对次所占比例远远大于变形张或膨胀与水位升的；③地壳形变短临异常与地下水位短临异常的关系可表示为Y=a0x＋a1，其中y和x分别为地下水位和地壳形变短临异常规测值。最后提出了判断短临前兆异常的新方法，即异常放大法。 相似文献
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利用井口水位对构造应力的响应，分析了地下水位在强(大)地震孕育过程中，中短期应力变化的响应，研究了地震前地下水位从中期异常过渡到短期异常的特征及演变过程。结果显示，当地下水位出现趋势上升、或趋势下降，动态变化规律异常为中期异常，这一时段通常为一年到三年；趋势上升、或趋势下降异常出现明显转折，则中期异常结束；中期异常出现转折后，其异常过程显示上下波动或拉平图像，这一时段为过渡性异常，属于中期异常向短临异常的过渡时段。当水位再次出现明显转折，则为短(临)期异常开始出现。而水位异常图像出现的趋势上升、或趋势下降、打破正常年动态变化规律形态，取决于井孔含水层系统在大震孕育过程的应力调整再积累阶段所处部位；尤其是取决于观测水点位于地质构造块体的构造带上，还是相邻块体的构造带上。水位震前异常的特征，源于地震孕育过程中应力异常区的形成。 相似文献
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１９９５年４月１５日营口高坎Ｍ＿Ｌ５．０地震，震中区烈度达Ⅵ度。总结发现，震前在一定的震兆异常背景上，出现一批短临前兆异常，如深井水位、水氡、水温、水汞、地倾斜、地电阻率、宏观等。分析认为，它可能是介质较薄弱的老震区对大区域应力场作用增强的反映，是我省震情发展中一次重要的地震事件。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献