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1.
水体Chl.a浓度是水质评价的一个重要指标,受悬浮物浓度季节性变化的影响,如何削弱悬浮物的光谱干扰,是实现内陆水体Chl.a浓度遥感高精度反演的难点之一.基于2011-2013年妫水河6次实测水体高光谱数据和水体Chl.a浓度数据,评价广泛应用的三波段模型和非线性拟合能力较好的支持向量机回归(SVR)模型的反演精度,使用基线校正和一阶微分方法来削弱实测高光谱中非Chl.a光谱信息.定义两种基线:750 nm的反射率值;500与750 nm的反射率值连线,基线校正为光谱反射率减去基线值.利用2013年7月的实测数据进行验证,结果表明,SVR模型比三波段模型更适合季节性浑浊水体的Chl.a浓度反演.通过基线校正筛选后的波段反射率组合作为输入变量能够提高SVR模型的反演精度,决定系数为0.68,均方根误差为3.38μg/L;线性基线校正提高三波段Chl.a估算模型的反演能力有限. 相似文献
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应用实测光谱估算千岛湖夏季叶绿素a浓度 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
依据2010年8月的实测数据构建了千岛湖水体夏季叶绿素a浓度的实测光谱数据估算模型,并进行了验证.利用ASD FieldSpec3野外光谱仪获取高光谱数据,计算水体离水辐亮度和遥感反射率.通过寻找反演水体叶绿素a浓度的高光谱敏感波段,采用单波段相关分析、波段比值、微分光谱、三波段模型、BP人工神经网络等多种算法进行比较分析,结果表明:叶绿素a浓度与单波段光谱反射率的相关性不大;596 nm和489 nm波长处反射率比值、545 nm处光谱一阶微分与叶绿素a浓度均呈较显著相关,估测模型决定系数R2分别为0.782、0.590,RMSE分别为0.89、1.98μg/L;三波段模型的反演结果优于传统的波段比值和一阶微分法,R2为0.838,RMSE为0.71μg/L;神经网络模型大大提高了叶绿素a浓度的反演精度,R2高达0.942,RMSE为0.63μg/L.本研究为今后在千岛湖水域的夏季相邻月份进行叶绿素a浓度大范围遥感反演研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
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基于反射光谱的太湖北部叶绿素a浓度定量估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用地物光谱仪研究了太湖水体的反射光谱特征与叶绿素a浓度之间的定量关系,结果表明太湖水体的叶绿素a浓度可以用720 nm附近的反射率估算,同时也可以用806 nm和571 nm两个波段的反射率比值来估算,前者建立的估算模型具有较好的通用性,而后者只能较好的估算<10μg/L的叶绿素a浓度;通过对光谱微分的分析,发现叶绿素a浓度与690 nm附近的一阶微分和702 nm附近的二阶微分相关性最好,但基于反射光谱一阶微分的叶绿素a浓度估算模型,并没有显著的提高太湖叶绿素a浓度的估测精度,二阶微分后的估测精度好于一阶微分,但其估测精度仍没有利用720 nm反射光谱的反演模型高．太湖水体的叶绿素a浓度可以利用720 nm附近的反射光谱有效地估算． 相似文献
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2008年至2020年期间,对三峡水库小江5个监测断面的叶绿素a(Chl.a)及主要环境因子进行季度监测,分析小江Chl.a的时空变化特征,探讨水体Chl.a与环境因子的相关关系,解析影响小江Chl.a变化的主要环境因子。结果表明,小江Chl.a年平均浓度为(20.69±9.41)μg/L,变幅为5.96～33.90μg/L。Chl.a浓度季节差异较大,总体呈现出春、夏、秋3个季节明显高于冬季的变化特征,且春季Chl.a浓度最高,为34.48μg/L;空间分布上,Chl.a浓度呈现倒“N”型分布规律,黄石断面最高(29.55μg/L),养鹿断面最低(15.23μg/L)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,小江Chl.a浓度与CODMn、电导率、pH、溶解氧呈显著正相关关系,与NO3--N、PO43--P、透明度呈显著负相关关系。通过逐步回归分析,筛选得到对小江Chl.a影响最重要的5个环境因子。通径分析表明,各环境因子对水体Chl.a浓度的作用大小在时空上存在一定差异。不同季节... 相似文献
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针对洱海富营养化加剧以及蓝藻水华问题,应用Aquatox模型对洱海水环境进行模拟,确立了一套适用于洱海生态系统的特征参数,并将模拟结果与实测数据进行验证.验证结果表明模型较好地模拟了常规水质和藻类演替变化,与实际水环境状况大体吻合.以此为基础选取TN、TP和Chl.a指标对洱海营养物与富营养化状态的投入响应关系进行模拟研究.结果表明,洱海对于外界营养物输入比较敏感,对氮磷输入增减反应明显;外界氮磷的削减都对Chl.a含量有降低作用,TN的作用更加明显;氮磷的增加对于Chl.a含量都略有提升;同时调控氮磷具有协同作用,对Chl.a含量影响效果最明显;当水体TN浓度在0.34 mg/L的阈值以下水平,即洱海外源TN输入量削减比例达到43.3%以上时,藻类优势种由蓝藻变为硅藻,水体Chl.a含量大幅降低,有效抑制富营养化进程. 相似文献
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2007年8月至2008年9月,对厦门两个淡水水体(芙蓉湖、厦大水库)的叶绿素浓度和遥感反射率(Rrs)进行了连续观测.在叶绿素浓度6-322mg/m3的范围,Rrs光谱出现显著的近红外反射峰,中心位置在700-710nm之间,较之通常的荧光峰中心(683nm)向长波方向偏离.该峰在厦大水库始终出现在700nm,但在芙蓉湖存在时间变化,随着叶绿素浓度的增加,由705红移到710nm.由此,仿MODIS荧光高度(FLH)的定义,定义该峰的高度(简写为REH),对于水库和美蓉湖中心波段分别确定为700和710nm.REH与叶绿素浓度呈现显著相关,美蓉湖REH=0.0161g(chl)-7.8×10-6(R2=0.79,n=41),水库REH=0.0001chl+0.0002(R2=0.74,n=32).可见对十高散射的淡水藻华水体,可以并且需要通过改进FLH的波段选择,基于更长波段处的近红外峰的高度探测叶绿素浓度. 相似文献
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利用便携式光谱辐射计,采用一定的观测角度获取水体表面的光谱,进而提取水表面下辐照度比R(0-)信息,分析R(0-)光谱特征与叶绿素a浓度之间的相互关系,结果表明太湖夏季水体叶绿素a浓度与R(0-)光谱曲线762 nm、727nm和496nm处的相关系数较大,分别达到了0.85、0.84、-0.80.通过单波段、波段比值模型分析,认为以R(0-)761、R(0-)762/R(0-)496、R(0-)727/R(0-)496为自变量的二次函数模型是利用水表面下辐照度比R(0-)估算太湖夏季水体中叶绿素a浓度的最佳模型,模型的决定系数R2分别达到了0.923、0.919、0.916,回归估计的标准误差S分别为0.012、0.013、0.013,F检验值分别为101.241、96.576、92.925.利用剩余10个样本对估算模型进行精度和误差检验,结果表明以R(0-)762/R(0-)496为自变量的二次函数模型好于另外两个,对太湖夏季水体叶绿素a浓度估算具有一定的实用性.此外,将光谱微分技术应用到R(0-)信息分析太湖夏季水体叶绿素a浓度,结果不能获得较高的预测精度. 相似文献
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下行漫衰减系数(K_d)是描述水下光场的重要参数,决定水体真光层深度,影响着浮游藻类初级生产力及其分布特征.基于2008—2013年太湖4次大规模野外试验数据,分析太湖水体漫衰减系数特征及其影响因素,建立适用于多种卫星数据且较高精度的太湖水体490 nm处下行漫衰减系数估算模型.结果表明:无机悬浮物是太湖水体漫衰减系数的主要影响因素;红绿波段比值(674 nm/555 nm)最适合于太湖K_d(490)估算,模型反演精度较高(N=72,R~2=0.72,RMSE=0.89 m~(-1),MAPE=21.58%);利用实测光谱数据,模拟得到MODIS/EOS、OLCI/Sentinel-3、GOCI/COMS和MSI/Sentinel-2等主要传感器波段的信号,构建适用于多种卫星传感器K_d(490)估算的红绿波段模型,建模精度较高(N=72,R~20.7,RMSE0.9 m~(-1),MAPE22.0%),且进行了验证(N=37,R~20.7,RMSE0.9 m~(-1),MAPE22.0%). 相似文献
9.
菹草(Potamogeton crispus)附着物对水体氮、磷负荷的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过实验模拟了10组氮、磷负荷对菹草(Potamogeton crispus)生长期和衰亡期茎叶附着物的影响.结果显示:随着水体氮、磷浓度的升高,菹草附着物的叶绿素a(Chl.a)含量、附着有机物量、附着无机物量和附着物总量均增加,在氮、磷浓度最高的T10组(总氮12.0 mg/L,总磷1.0 mg/L),附着物的总量达到高峰,附着物的Chl.a含量为2.005~4.765mg/g(DW),附着有机物的量为29.027~94.886 mg/g(DW),附着无机物的量为176.881~397.750 mg/g(DW),附着物总量为205.909~492.636 mg/g(DW).在菹草的快速生长期、稳定期和衰亡期,附着物的Chl.a含量、附着有机物量、附着无机物量和附着物总量均存在显著差异,均表现为衰亡期 >稳定期 >快速生长期,且在各营养盐浓度下均存在这一趋势.菹草衰亡期附着物的Chl.a含量、附着有机物量、附着无机物量和附着物总量分别为稳定期的1.046~1.826、1.046~1.638、1.029~1.858和1.106~1.717倍,为快速生长期的2.324~4.059、2.323~3.640、2.101~3.792和2.280~3.584倍.结果表明水体氮、磷负荷的增加促进了菹草茎叶附着物的生长和积累,加速了沉水植物衰亡. 相似文献
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基于多时相主被动遥感的漓江水面监测与水质参数反演(2016-2020年) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以漓江流域为研究区域,以2016-2020年Landsat 8 OLI、GF-1、Sentinel-2A及Sentinel-1A逐月影像为数据源,选用归一化水指数(NDWI)、改进型归一化水指数(MNDWI)、增强型水体指数(EWI)、归一化差值池指数(NDPI)、后向散射系数(S)与主被动遥感加权指数(JQ)提取漓江水体信息,采用二类水体区域性近岸海域水色算法(C2RCC)、最大叶绿素指数(MCI)、双波段比值法(Double R)及叶绿素反射峰强度(ρchl)4种方式,反演漓江水体叶绿素a(Chl.a)与总悬浮物质(TSM)浓度.将漓江划分为278个基本评价单元,利用水面变化区域差异值(WDr)、河岸线发育系数(SDI)与水体信息变化动态度(K)等指标定量分析漓江上、中、下游枯水期和汛期的水文和水质信息的年内时空动态变化,得出以下结论:(1)主被动遥感加权指数JQ与NDPI指数的提取效果优于NDWI、MNDWI、EWI指数与后向散射系数,但与JQ指数相比,NDPI指数提取精度更高、可信度更强.(2)基于C2RCC算法反演的Chl.a浓度的均方根误差(RMSE)处于0.18~7.88 mg/m3之间,TSM浓度的RMSE为0.17~12.55 g/m3,可较好地反映漓江水质参数变化情况.(3)基本评价单元的划分可清楚地分析出上、中、下游地区水域水面宽度、水域面积、Chl.a与TSM浓度的连续变化情况,实测数据则依靠站点监测,所得结果较分散,无法进行连续性分析.(4)漓江5-10月降水较多、水体流动性强,大部分地区平均水面宽度在100~250 m范围内,水体富营养化程度低,水质较好,但2月水质最差,水体富营养化程度较高地区主要集中于上、中游的兴安县、灵川县等城镇居民区以及下游旅游开发区较多的兴坪镇. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
17.
Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
18.
Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献