共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
本文运用可公度计算及时空对称性理论,结合蝴蝶结构图及可公度结构图对印度尼西亚地区1900年以来VEI≥4火山喷发活动进行趋势判断分析,结果显示:(1)运用三元、四元、五元可公度可知2018年印度尼西亚地区发生VEI≥4火山喷发事件的信号较强.(2)结合蝴蝶结构图及可公度结构系计算得出,2018年印度尼西亚地区发生VEI≥4火山喷发事件的随机概率为45.5%,不漏报置信水平为41.6%.(3)通过经纬度迁移分析,发现其在空间上有一定的迁移规律;纬向迁移对称轴在3.5°S左右,经向迁移对称轴在115°E左右.未来火山喷发事件有可能向东北方迁移.(4)太阳黑子数周期年份与火山喷发有很好的对应性,即火山喷发事件多发生在太阳黑子数下降阶段,在太阳黑子数上升阶段发生火山喷发事件的概率较小,在太阳黑子数峰年和谷年也会发生火山喷发事件,但发生概率明显小于太阳黑子数下降阶段的概率. 相似文献
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燕山地震活动具有可公度性,M≥6地震可公度周期约50年,M≥5地震可公度周期约3.78年。本文分析了燕山带M≥5地震可公度性活动特点及其与太阳黑子活动、郯庐北带M≥5地震活动的相关性,根据可公度性特点建立了燕山带地震的可公度性预测公式。对1976年唐山7.8级地震检验表明,公式具有较强稳定性和较高预测精度,可用于预测。文中提出了对燕山带潜在5—6级地震的预测,可供地震监测预报参考。 相似文献
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灾害趋势判断是提高灾害预测预报水平的重要途径。根据1950年以来滇西地区和缅句Ms≥6．8级地震资料,通过三元、四元、五元可公度法计算、蝴蝶结构图和可公度结构系分析,对该地区地震灾害的时间对称性进行了趋势判断。理论计算结果表明：该研究区域2014和2016年强震信号较强,有可能发生较大震级地震。根据空间对称性和强震震中经、纬向迁移特征分析,判断出下一次地震发生地点大致在97．5°E以西,22．5°N以南地区。该研究可丰富重大灾害趋势判断研究案例。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(3)
地震的频繁发生给人类的生命、财产安全造成了巨大的损失,对地震的趋势进行判断,对于提高防御灾害的能力具有十分重要的作用.本文选取了墨西哥M_w≥7.2地震的资料,采用可公度法和对称性原理,运用三元、四元、五元可公度计算来预测墨西哥M_w≥7.2地震信号的强弱,通过蝴蝶结构图和可公度结构系来证明预测结果的可信性,对震中和经纬向的迁移进行分析来判断墨西哥M_w≥7.2地震灾害的空间变化趋势.结果表明:(1)墨西哥M_w≥7.2地震在2015年和2016年信号较强,有可能发生较大震级的地震.(2)该地区地震具有明显的空间对称性,震中的经、纬向迁移呈现出良好的同步性.未来地震很有可能向东南方向迁移,在100.8°W以东,17.6°N以南地区. 相似文献
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探寻区域地震的时空规律并进行趋势判断对防震减灾有重大的现实意义.选取1890—2020年伊朗 MS≥6．8地震数据,采用可公度方法、三性法和蝴蝶结构图等方法研究区域地震的时空对称性,并结合太阳黑子数、地球自转速度变化对发震的物理机理进行探讨.研究结果表明(1)伊朗的强震具有良好的可公度性,从时间趋势判断上看,2022年伊朗发生 MS≥6．8地震的信号最强, 2024年次之,并且通过三性法得知发生在2022年底的可能性更大.(2)从空间对称性上看,根据历史地震的经纬度迁移和震中三角迁移规律,下一次地震发生在32°N,54°E东南方区域内的可能性较大.(3)伊朗 MS≥6．8地震多发生在太阳黑子的极值年和下降段;同时,强震多发生在地球自转减速期和日长极值年及其附近,这在一定程度上佐证了灾害时空对称方法的可靠性.本研究进一步深化了对地震的规律认识,同时对三性法在区域上的应用有一定探索意义. 相似文献
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通过地震时间对称特征进行地震趋势判断的研究,对于地震防灾、减灾有重要意义。为验证地震时间对称性研究方法,揭示地震时间对称特征的机理,采用可公度计算、蝴蝶结构图和可公度结构系方法研究川滇地区MS≥7.0地震时间对称特征及趋势;然后利用小波分析所提取的川滇地区MS≥5.0地震能量释放周期和日月活动周期,对川滇地区MS≥7.0地震时间对称特征进行解释。研究结果显示:(1)川滇地区MS≥7.0地震具有明显时间对称特征,2017年发震信号最强,其随机概率为65.5%。(2)川滇地区MS≥7.0地震时间对称特征是地震能量释放周期更直观的表达。(3)川滇地区MS≥7.0地震时间对称特征是月球赤纬角周期和太阳黑子周期组合叠加的结果,月球赤纬角极值是强震的主要触发因素。 相似文献
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乌恰-帕米尔地区强震的灰色预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用灰色系统理论和可公度性理论,试对新疆乌恰—帕米尔地区的强震活动趋势进行预测研究,给出了一个检验性预测的反演实例,结果表明:该地区6级以上地震具有3.8年的可公度值,7级以上强震具有10.1年的可公度值;M_s≥6地震可能发生在1993年3月8日—1995年2月2日和1997年1月10日—1998年12月2日,下次M_s≥7强震大约在2003—2007年前后发生。 相似文献
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Heilongjiang Province is a major grain production base in China, and its agricultural development plays an important role in China’s social economy. Drought and flood events are the primary disasters in Heilongjiang Province and have considerable impacts on agriculture. In this study, relatively complete monthly precipitation data from 26 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province during the period of 1958–2013 were analyzed using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) combined with principal component analysis, Mann–Kendall trend analysis and Morlet wavelet analysis to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of drought and flood events in this province. The results were as follows: (1) the whole of Heilongjiang exhibited an aridity trend. In northern Heilongjiang, spring and summer experienced a wetting trend, and autumn and winter experienced an aridity trend. (2) The SPI3 exhibited 8- and 16-year periodic variation characteristics in spring, 10- and 22-year periodic variation characteristics in summer, and 10- and 32-year periodic variation characteristics in autumn. In addition to the 10-year periodic variation characteristics in winter, other periodic variation characteristics were observed. (3) The increasing trend in the percentage of stations affected by flood was more obvious than that affected by drought. Therefore, Heilongjiang Province is more vulnerable to flooding. (4) The influence of drought and flood disasters in Heilongjiang Province showed a growth trend, but the flood effect was more remarkable. (5) The agricultural area affected by drought and flood disasters in Heilongjiang Province showed an increasing trend. Although there was a greater increase in flood disaster area, the main types of disasters were drought-dominated. 相似文献
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Throughout the history of China, the Yellow River has been associated with flood disasters and changes in the course of its lower reaches because of sedimentation. From 602 B.C. to 1949 the river experienced 1593 levee bursts, flooding vast areas, and claiming millions of human lives. The river shifted its main course by avulsion 26 times with the apex around Zhengzhou, resulting in devastating calamities and numerous old channels. Training of the Yellow River has a history of more than 3000?yr. Levee construction has been the major strategy for flood control. Two extremely different strategies has been proposed and practiced in the past 2000 yr, i.e. the “wide river and depositing sediment” strategy and the “narrow river and scouring sediment” strategy. This paper analyzes the levee breaches and flood disasters in the past 2000 yr and compares the results of the two extremely different strategies. The “narrow river and scouring sediment” strategy has only short term effects on levee breach control and flood mitigation. The “wide river and depositing sediment” strategy can essentially mitigate flood disasters and reduce levee breaches for a long term period of time. The “wide river and depositing sediment” strategy has been used and no levee breach has occurred in the past 67?yr, which has been the only periods of more than 50?yr with no levee breaches in the history of the Yellow River since 700?A.D. Modern flood and sedimentation management methods have also been introduced, and the strategy of applying the ‘“widen the river and enhance the levees” approach for the upper and lower reaches management is proposed. 相似文献
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A wireless water-level monitoring system for an urban drainage flood warning is developed, and stations equipped with pressure sensors are installed to monitor water levels. The water levels for flood warning are investigated. Two stages of warning water level for “larger” conduits are set based on the rate of rising water levels. In a similar way, only one stage of the warning water level is set for “smaller” conduits. The average rates of rising water levels for different scenarios are estimated using the US EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). When evaluating the impact of flooding, the outflows from manholes simulated by the SWMM are used as sources for a two-dimensional overland flow simulation. The integrated system is successfully executed in Jhonghe, New Taipei City, Taiwan, which has experienced urban drainage floods. Therefore, this system can provide urban drainage flood warnings to the authorities to take disaster reduction measures. 相似文献
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首都减灾圈,系首都减轻自然灾害预测防治圈。1991年12月20—21日在北京召开了《首都圈自然灾害及其减灾对策研讨会》。本文根据这次会议所提供的材料,在从整体上实现减灾的思想指导下,就首都减灾圈的“成灾背景”、“首都减灾圈的组成”、“首都减灾圈的灾害预测与防治状况”、“首都减灾圈的灾害关联性分析”、“首都减灾圈的减灾实效预估”和“首都减灾圈的减灾对策与实施”等六个带有共同性的问题,进行了讨论。供制定首都圈减灾方案时参考。 相似文献
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大坝作为水利水电工程设施发挥效用的同时，其安全性对上下游及周边区域生产生活至关重要。除去恐怖袭击等人为破坏因素，大坝面临气象灾害、地震地质灾害等各类灾害风险。 “七下八上”历来是我国南北方主汛期，防御强降雨及其引发的滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等次生灾害，对大坝构成的单一、复合、链式灾害风险，是当前刻不容缓的任务。美国洪水大坝应急管理体系建立较早，此次密歇根州洪水溃坝事件发生在美国疫情严峻时期，暴露出诸多问题值得整理与研究，并对当前疫情常态化下我国大坝抵御综合性灾害风险具有良好的启示意义。 相似文献
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回顾了中国地球物理学会10年来推进开展天灾预测工作的历程．天灾主要包括气象灾害、水灾、地震等，简述了进行天灾预测的10种推理思维和方法以及取得的预测效果． 相似文献
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在时间对称性方面,利用可公度信息提取法和蝴蝶结构图对1970年来阿拉斯加州MS≥7强震进行分析,认为阿拉斯加州2015年发生强震的信号最强。通过对震中空间迁移分析,发现形成的三角形存在关于57°N纬线和150°W经线对称的规律;纬向上存在连续的2次震中位于57°N的北侧,另一次位于57°N南侧为主的迁移规律,经向上有连续的2次震中在150°W东侧,一次在150°W西侧为主的迁移规律。因此判断,未来强震可能向东北方向迁移。同时,由唯象到唯理,对可公度法的物理机理做了研究讨论,为今后国内地震趋势研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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通过对长江三角洲地区埋藏古树、泥炭、以及海相贝壳测年资料以及地方志、历史文献当中关于研究区洪灾事件记录的搜集、整理,研究结果表明,由于长江三角洲地区地势低平这一地貌特点,使得海面变化对于研究区洪灾的发生有着重要的影响.在长江中下游地区,海面的上升是导致冰后期长江河谷泥沙加积的主要原因,随着海面的上升和河床的抬高,长江中下游的水位也随之上升,从而导致长江洪水期排泄不畅,加重了洪灾的影响,加上长江三角洲地势低平,使海面变化成为长江三角洲地区洪灾发生的一个重要影响因子.同时,海面上升对长江水流的顶托作用也是加剧洪灾危害的一个重要原因.本文对于未来研究区洪水发生的预测,加强海岸带地区自然灾害的预防工作,减少生命财产的损失,具有一定的理论与实践意义. 相似文献
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Dynamic risk assessment model for flood disaster on a projection pursuit cluster and its application 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Jun Zhao Juliang Jin Qizhong Guo Li Liu Yaqian Chen Mei Pan 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2014,28(8):2175-2183
Aiming at reducing the losses from flood disaster, a dynamic risk assessment model for flood disaster is studied in this article. This model is built upon the projection pursuit cluster principle and risk indexes in the system, proceeding from the whole structure to its component parts. In this study, a fuzzy analytic hierarchy approach is employed to screen out the index system and determine the index weight, while the future value of each index is simulated by an improved back-propagation neural network algorithm. The proposed model adopts a dynamic evaluation method to analyze temporal data and assesses risk development by comprehensive analysis. The projection pursuit theory is used for clustering spatial data. The optimal projection vector is applied to calculate the risk cluster type. Therefore, the flood disaster risk level is confirmed and then the local conditions for presenting the control strategy. This study takes the Tunxi area, Huangshan city, as an example. After dynamic risk assessment model establishment, verification and application for flood disasters between the actual and simulated data from 2001 to 2013, the comprehensive risk assessment results show that the development trend for flood disaster risk is still in a decline on the whole, despite the rise in a few years. This is in accordance with the actual conditions. The proposed model is shown to be feasible for theory and application, providing a new way to assess flood disaster risk. 相似文献