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《地震地磁观测与研究》2013,(Z2)
利用江苏区域数字地震台网宽频带地震计记录的Pnl波波形资料,采用TDMT-INV时间域地震矩张量反演方法,尝试反演2009—2011年江苏及附近海域7次中小地震(M_L3.5以上,最大震级M_L5.3)的地震矩张量解,并通过记录清晰的P波初动在震源球的下半球投影对反演结果进行评价。结果表明:反演结果与初动方向一致较好。由此说明在研究区域用矩张量反演法测定中小地震震源机制解具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
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利用数字盒式磁带记录加速度仪组成的流动地震台网所记录的三分向近场加速度图,通过矩张量反演确定了1985年4月18日云南禄劝 Ms=6.1地震的部分余震的震源机制.以均匀半无限弹性介质的格林函数解释路径效应,并通过正演计算识别由两次积分得到的位移地震图中的直达 P 波、直达 S 波和 SP 转换波震相,然后用这些震相进行矩张量反演.反演结果表明,在解超定线性方程组时,采用适当的加权系数,可使上述直达波和转换波的理论计算值与观测值拟合得较好.尽管用以反演的三个余震大小不同(震级 ML48,3.2,3.5),震源位置也有差别,但它们的震源机制却非常接近,且与主震的震源机制相当一致.这一特征显示了余震的发生与主震发震构造的内在联系.这些实例说明,由震源球球面上分布适宜的数字地震台网取得的近场加速度资料,借助于即使是简单的介质模型,通过地震矩张量反演,不但可以得出这些地震震源的主要成份————剪切位错源,同时还可得出震源所含的其它成分,如膨胀源和补偿线性向量偶极. 相似文献
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以1985年4月18日云南禄劝地震(Ms=6.1)的15次余震为例, 使用简单介质模型进行近震源记录的地震矩张量反演, 并试图通过反演结果的讨论, 进一步明确有关方法的意义和限度。将DCS-302数字磁带加速度仪组成的小孔径流动台网获得的三分向近震源宽频带记录进行两次积分得到位移地震图, 对依据震相特征选出的信噪比较大的直达P波、直达S波和SP转换波波形在频率域进行矩张量反演。反演中采用均匀弹性半空间的格林函数。计算结果表明, 采用简单的介质模型, 选取信噪比较大的震相进行矩张量反演, 对MLL约为4-5的地震可以较好地给出震源机制解。在不十分了解详细结构的情况下, 用本文所发展的反演方法处理大量中小地震求震源机制和构造应力场是十分便利的。地震矩张量反演的结果给出禄劝地区的主压应力轴为近NNW向, 接近水平, 表明该地震与欧亚板块和印度板块边界的构造运动有关。 相似文献
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兰州数字地震台网的格林函数库与快速矩张量反演预研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
甘肃省是我国地震多发地区之一,如何利用兰州数字地震台网的波形资料确定中小地震的地震矩张量等震源新参数已成为急需考虑的问题。本文重点介绍了利用台网记录的波形资料快速反演中小地震的地震矩张量所需要的两项非常基础而重要的工作,即速度模型的确立和格林函数库的建立。为了说明格林函数库技术在矩张量快速反演中的可行性和优越性,还给出了122个中小地震的矩张量反演的试验性结果。 相似文献
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2013年吉林前郭MS5.8震群为爆发性震群,目前余震活动仍然在持续.基于吉林、辽宁、黑龙江、内蒙古四省地震台网记录的前郭震群波形资料,利用波形信噪比、震源类型、台站及速度模型组合的指标选择最佳的反演方案,应用矩张量的三种反演模式,对序列中5个MS≥5.0地震进行矩张量反演研究,获得了全矩张量、偏矩张量和纯双力偶的矩张量.使用F-test对地震的三种模式的矩张量反演结果进行显著性检验来确定最佳反演模式.结果显示,5个地震的最优矩张量解均为全矩张量模式反演获得的结果,其双力偶分量仅有20%~65%,矩心深度位于地下3~4 km处,地震在Hudson震源类型图上的投影远离双力偶震源类型区域.这些结果表明,震源类型并非典型的构造地震,推断前郭地震可能是与人类活动有关的诱发地震. 相似文献
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以2008年11月10日大柴旦Ms6．3级地震余震数字地震波观测资料为基础,运用矩张量反演方法,利用单台三分量波形资料计算余震的震源机制。收集整理大柴旦Ms6．3级地震公认的震源参数结果和青海区域地震台网数字地震波资料,以大柴旦Ms6．3级地震的震源参数作为约束,计算理论地震波来确定该区域的地壳速度模型。以此模型计算ML≥2．0级余震震源机制解。共收集160个余震资料,最后确定了85个余震震源机制解,其中最大震级为朋。4．7,最小震级为ML2.0。进行单台与多台联合矩张量反演结果对比,两种方法所确定的结果相差不大。实际计算表明,在观测资料信噪比较高的情况下,运用单台数字地震波观测资料可以较好地确定中小地震的震源机制。 相似文献
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利用地震震中周围7个台站的数字记录反演了甘肃岷县2003年11月13日ML5．5和2004年9月7日ML5．2地震的矩张量，得出了震源机制。将所得结果与用P波初动符号的结果进行了比较，二者具有较好的一致性。结合该地区的地震分布，对可能的发震断层进行了讨论。 相似文献
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微地震矩张量能够描述储层岩石破坏的细节,有助于了解水力压裂储层的地质力学特征,震源机制矩张量反演对于非常规油气开发具有重要的作用.水力压裂通常在页岩油气储层中进行,震源区介质表现出速度和衰减各向异性,需要研究衰减各向异性介质中微地震信号的传播规律.基于观测到的微地震记录,通过波形反演能够获得矩张量,忽视震源区介质的衰减和速度各向异性会导致震源机制反演结果的误差.本文提出了一种考虑地层各向异性吸收衰减作用的震源机制全波形反演方法,对于黏弹性VTI介质,采用GPU并行的伪谱法计算合成地震记录,通过全波形反演方法匹配合成波形和记录波形,借助优化算法获得震源机制矩张量反演结果.本文通过实验测试验证了该方法的有效性,分析了震源区各向异性速度和衰减参数、噪声以及观测系统等对于微地震震源机制各分量及成分反演结果的影响,研究表明考虑模型中的黏弹性各向异性对于获得可靠的震源机制反演结果非常重要. 相似文献
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应用矩张量概念对震源物理的研究是当代地震学的一个重要的前沿课题。近20年来,随着宽频带数字地震仪的广泛应用,地震波形记录的质量明显提高,极大地推动了对震源物理过程研究的进展。对于区域性中、小地震,由于区域性地震的波形记录包含了有关震源和区域地壳的丰富的信息,利用波形资料研究区域性中、小地震的震源机制,其结果有助于了解震源区和区域性应力状态以及断层的构造特性,是理解地震孕育过程的重要途径。近年来,随着计算合成理论地震图的理论和方法的进步,使用矩张量反演方法确定中小地震的点源机制解以及有限破裂参数等研究领域取得了显著进展。本论文在前人研究的基础上,发展了两种针对区域中、小地震震源参数反演的求解方法,通过数值试验讨论了震源机制反演结果的稳定性,并结合实际地震观测资料进行了检验。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献