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1.
水平井的大规模钻井和应用是二十世纪后期石油工业的一个亮点.水平井技术在新油田开发和老油田调整挖潜上成效显著，它可降低勘探开发成本、大幅度提高油气单井产能和采收率等.回顾了水平井及水平井测井解释发展历史，比较了垂直井和水平井测井及解释评价上的异同，分析了水平井测井环境以及测井解释所面临的问题，简述了一些水平井测井数据处理方法及综合解释中应注意的问题，最后根据我国目前的水平井测井解释现状分析了存在的问题，提出了今后发展的思路：以跟踪国外和创新发展国内水平井解释技术为目标，开展复杂条件下各种测井方法的正反演研究，研究各种环境影响因素的校正方法，注意多学科的交叉综合，结合垂直井测井解释经验和水平井测井的特点提高水平井测井解释水平. 相似文献
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综合测井资料在研究油气藏沉积相中的应用--以川口油田长六油层组为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用测井资料来评价或解释沉积相的方法称为测井相分析．测井资料与沉积学结合形成的测井相分析在研究油气藏沉积相和圈定砂体方面发挥着重要作用．利用综合测井资料物性曲线的形状、幅度、数值大小,建立不同沉积相与测井曲线之间的函数对应关系,分析不同沉积相的测井曲线特征,并对不同沉积相的岩性所对应的测井曲线形态分别进行描述．从单井分析剖面对比区域研究三个层次研究油气藏沉积相,勾画出主砂体的形态和展布方向,在此基础上,讨论了川口油气藏长6油层组油气藏与沉积相之间的关系,研究认为河道沉积是该区油田勘探和开发的首选区带． 相似文献
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页岩气地球物理测井评价综述 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
页岩气是指生成、储集和封盖均发生于页岩体系中,或游离于基质孔隙和天然裂缝中,或吸附于有机质和粘土矿物表面,或溶解于沥青和水中,在一定地质条件下聚集成藏并具有商业价值的生物成因和/或热解成因的天然气.在页岩气勘探开发中,地球物理测井是识别、评价页岩气储层并为后期完井提供指导参数的重要手段.页岩气属于极低孔极低渗的范畴,且具有很强的非均质性和各向异性,常规油气藏测井解释评价方法已不再适用,必须建立新的页岩气测井解释评价体系才能够对页岩气藏做出准确评价.评价页岩气藏的潜力涉及对多种因素正反面影响的权衡,包括页岩矿物组分和结构、粘土含量及类型、干酪根类型及成熟度、流体饱和度、吸附气和游离气存储机制、埋藏深度、温度和孔隙压力等.其中,孔隙度、总有机碳含量和含气量等对于确定页岩储层是否具有进一步开发价值非常重要.本文针对国外尤其是美国近期页岩气勘探开发的现状进行了广泛的文献调研,综述当前国外页岩气地球物理测井技术的发展现状,针对勘探开发的不同阶段介绍常用的含气页岩的测井系列,然后总结页岩气测井响应特征,并详细论述了页岩气储层评价方法及储层评价的重要参数,包括有机碳含量、岩石矿物组分及含量、孔隙度、含气量及岩石力学参数,最后提出我国页岩气地球物理测井研究存在的问题和发展趋势. 相似文献
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根据水平井测井机理和对大量水平井、直井测井资料的解释经验,概括出了1套适合较复杂地质条件下的水平井随钻测井综合解释技术,主要包括：水平段进入点识别技术;水平段轨迹近围岩识别技术;水平段钻遇薄、厚泥岩识别技术以及水平段钻出油砂体边界识别技术。使用的随钻测井资料有4条不同探测深度电阻率曲线和1条自然伽马曲线。2000年以来的委内瑞拉M油田76口水平井随钻测井解释结果和完钻后综合解释结果以及新井测试及投产结果对比,解释符合率达到98％以上。 相似文献
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近几年受地震属性分析技术的启发,出现了利用测井属性分析泥页岩裂缝油气藏的新方法.为了避免常规测井信号受到噪声干扰影响裂缝识别效果,利用小波变换的高频属性对裂缝识别展开研究.以贵州岑巩地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组的泥页岩裂缝性油气藏为例,观察和分析野外黑色页岩露头、岩心薄片及镜下照片,总结了该地区裂缝发育特征和成因;然后着重利用研究区的测井资料,运用小波阈值去噪和小波高频属性方法对裂缝进行了识别.研究结果表明:研究区主要发育高角度剪性缝、张剪性缝、低角度滑脱缝及层间缝,采用的小波阈值去噪方法具有高信噪比和低均方差特点,在保留原始信号特点的基础上得到更加真实的信号;通过小波高频属性方法提取了声波时差信号中的高频信号,识别出了常规测井方法无法识别的泥页岩裂缝,该套方法成功在贵州岑巩页岩气裂缝识别中得到成功应用,并具有一定的借鉴意义. 相似文献
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基岩油气藏裂缝性储层具有复杂的储集空间和储层非均质性,为了实现对基岩油气藏储层的精细评价,以地层微电阻率扫描成像测井和井周声波成像测井资料为核心,通过岩心资料标定,结合录井、常规测井、试油、地质等实际资料,系统建立了基岩油气藏变质岩储层的成像测井解释模式.根据成像测井模式的识别实现了对基岩油气藏特征的认识、准确的裂缝分析和现今地应力场分析.分析结果表明,研究区基底变质岩地层中基本以基岩内幕油气藏为主;裂缝以中高角度缝、网状裂缝为主,其主要走向与井旁断层走向大致平行,属纵裂缝;裂缝主要发育在东西两侧靠近断层、近源的构造陡坡上;现今最大水平主应力方向主要呈NE-SW和NEE-SWW.成像测井解释结果与地质情况吻合较好. 相似文献
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页岩油气藏作为重要的非常规油气藏，富含巨大的油气资源潜力，且常形成于深湖-半深湖沉积体系.页岩中复杂的矿物成分以及沉积组构类型对于页岩储层物性、含油性和可动性具有重要的影响，因此“矿物成分+沉积组构”的岩相划分与识别是页岩储层油气勘探开发的关键所在.但由于目前常规测井纵向分辨率有限导致无法实现页岩中毫米尺度的沉积组构精细描述，在页岩“矿物成分+沉积组构”岩相的识别方面尚未形成完整的方法理论体系.本文由此将利用岩心刻度测井的方法，通过岩性扫描测井与微电阻率成像测井相结合的方法，对玛湖凹陷风城组页岩层段的矿物成分和沉积组构类型进行连续识别，实现单井页岩段“矿物成分+沉积组构”岩相类型划分.通过岩相划分结果与现场试油试采资料相对照，发现薄层状与厚层状长石-石英质泥页岩相叠置发育的岩相组合产能最佳，因此可作为风城组页岩层段的优势岩相组合进行深入研究，为后续勘探开发提供参考． 相似文献
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岩石力学参数表征泥页岩的脆性,反映泥页岩在应力作用下发生破坏产生裂缝的能力.开展泥页岩的脆性评价研究,可为压裂设计提供技术支撑,是提高页岩产能的关键.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部下寺湾地区延长组长7段陆相泥页岩层系内大量发育粉砂质泥页岩条带,岩性非均质性强,对页岩气产量影响显著.针对这一地质实际,本文分页岩、粉砂质泥页岩两种岩性开展三轴压缩等力学实验,对力学弹性参数特征、应力-应变特征、岩石破裂模式及脆性进行了分析,认为其力学破坏具有明显的脆性断裂特征.通过不同岩性横波时差与纵波时差、密度等测井数据的最小二乘法拟合,构建横波波速模型,计算动态力学参数,并利用动静态力学参数间的关系,校正测井计算的力学参数,进而定量评价泥页岩层段脆性.通过误差分析,并与YY22井ECS测井解释的矿物组分脆性加以对比,认为本文计算的脆性剖面是可信的.综合实验分析和测井脆性评价结果,为确定下寺湾地区长7段内的高脆性段,优选压裂目的层,提供了重要的地质依据. 相似文献
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温度和压力是水平井产出剖面测井必测的参数,然而利用温度资料进行水平井产出剖面测井解释,具有影响因素较多,多解性强的特点.本文根据热力学守恒定律,建立了温度测井计算模型,进行了压降幅度和热损失系数对温度的敏感性分析,研究了不同参数对热损失系数和温度测井的影响,为水平井温度测井资料解释奠定了理论基础.利用温度测井解释方法,对鄂北一口致密气水平井产出剖面测井资料进行了解释分析,分析了不同压裂段的产出情况,解释结果与持水率计测试结果吻合较好,说明了温度测井解释模型的可靠性.在流速等参数缺失的情况下,通过温度测井能够很好的了解水平井各压裂段的产出情况,为后续完井和生产优化提供依据. 相似文献
10.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(4)
地层电阻率是影响油气或煤层气评价的重要参数,水平井中常利用感应测井确定地层电阻率,由于水平井与直井测量环境有较大差异,响应方式势必与直井不同.水平井测井响应的环境影响复杂,不能使用基于几何因子的信号处理,必须通过三维正演数值模拟方法研究响应特征.本文利用基于有限元方法的COMSOL Multiphysics软件对三层对称地层模型中的水平井感应测井响应进行了数值模拟分析.通过分析比较源距为0.3m、0.6m、0.9m、1.2m的四个水平线圈系的响应特征发现,不同源距的线圈系测得的电导率值受仪器位置、上下围岩电导率、目的层厚度和仪器偏心的影响规律不同.数值模拟结果对水平井的解释工作及仪器研发具有指导性意义. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
17.
Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
18.
Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
19.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献