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1.
页岩气是以吸附或游离态为主赋存于暗色富有机质、极低渗透率的泥页岩中,自生自储、连续聚集的天然气藏.我国页岩气富集地质条件优越,具有良好资源前景及开发潜力.页岩气勘探开发的"甜点"是富有机质页岩优质储层的发育段和有利区,页岩气储层评价是寻找"甜点"的关键.地球物理测井技术贯穿于页岩气的勘探开发,是识别和评价页岩气储层的重要手段之一.我国的页岩气勘探开发及储层评价正处于起步探索阶段,为了有效利用地球物理测井技术进行页岩气储层评价,在调研国内外大量文献的基础上,结合已有的地质、测井资料,首先介绍了页岩气勘探开发中不同钻井类型所采用的测井系列,对比和分析了页岩气储层测井响应特征.其次从矿物组分、地球化学参数、物性参数、含气性和可压裂性评价等方面全面深入论述了页岩气储层测井评价方法及评价参数的计算,认为矿物组分、地球化学参数、物性参数、含气性和可压裂性是页岩气储层测井评价的重点,并结合实际资料改进了TOC和脆性指数计算公式.最后提出了我国页岩气储层测井评价中存在的主要问题、发展趋势及一些认识和建议.  相似文献   

2.
页岩气地球物理测井评价综述   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
页岩气是指生成、储集和封盖均发生于页岩体系中,或游离于基质孔隙和天然裂缝中,或吸附于有机质和粘土矿物表面,或溶解于沥青和水中,在一定地质条件下聚集成藏并具有商业价值的生物成因和/或热解成因的天然气.在页岩气勘探开发中,地球物理测井是识别、评价页岩气储层并为后期完井提供指导参数的重要手段.页岩气属于极低孔极低渗的范畴,且具有很强的非均质性和各向异性,常规油气藏测井解释评价方法已不再适用,必须建立新的页岩气测井解释评价体系才能够对页岩气藏做出准确评价.评价页岩气藏的潜力涉及对多种因素正反面影响的权衡,包括页岩矿物组分和结构、粘土含量及类型、干酪根类型及成熟度、流体饱和度、吸附气和游离气存储机制、埋藏深度、温度和孔隙压力等.其中,孔隙度、总有机碳含量和含气量等对于确定页岩储层是否具有进一步开发价值非常重要.本文针对国外尤其是美国近期页岩气勘探开发的现状进行了广泛的文献调研,综述当前国外页岩气地球物理测井技术的发展现状,针对勘探开发的不同阶段介绍常用的含气页岩的测井系列,然后总结页岩气测井响应特征,并详细论述了页岩气储层评价方法及储层评价的重要参数,包括有机碳含量、岩石矿物组分及含量、孔隙度、含气量及岩石力学参数,最后提出我国页岩气地球物理测井研究存在的问题和发展趋势.  相似文献   

3.
页岩气储层地球物理测井研究进展   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
页岩气是储存在页岩中以游离态和吸附态存在的天然气,是一种非常规油气资源.地球物理测井技术具有方法多、纵向分辨率高、信息量大、连续、方便、灵敏等优势,能够获得沿井眼剖面的岩石物理参数,是常规油气资源和非常规油气储层评价的重要手段.文章综述了页岩气储层的地质特点,总结了国内外页岩气测井系列和页岩气的测井响应特征.针对测井信息的处理,给出了基于测井有机碳含量(TOC)计算和成熟度指数(MI)的研究进展,讨论了页岩岩性识别、矿物计算和裂缝的评价方法,并对美国页岩气测井评价实例做了介绍.最后,指出目前页岩气测井技术存在的问题和未来的突破方向和思路,对指导页岩气勘探和经济评价具有重要指导意义.  相似文献   

4.
提出了各向异性页岩储层统计岩石物理反演方法.通过统计岩石物理模型建立储层物性参数与弹性参数的定量关系,使用测井数据及井中岩石物理反演结果作为先验信息,将地震阻抗数据定量解释为储层物性参数、各向异性参数的空间分布.反演过程在贝叶斯框架下求得储层参数的后验概率密度函数,并从中得到参数的最优估计值及其不确定性的定量描述.在此过程中综合考虑了岩石物理模型对复杂地下介质的描述偏差和地震数据中噪声对反演不确定性的影响.在求取最大后验概率过程中使用模拟退火优化粒子群算法以提高收敛速度和计算准确性.将统计岩石物理技术应用于龙马溪组页岩气储层,得到储层泥质含量、压实指数、孔隙度、裂缝密度等物性,以及各向异性参数的空间分布及相应的不确定性估计,为页岩气储层的定量描述提供依据.  相似文献   

5.
相对于常规砂岩,致密砂岩在岩石物理性质、力学性质等方面具有明显差异,并呈现出很强的非均质性.岩石物理模型能将储层参数与地震特性信息联系起来,因此可以作为致密砂岩储层参数与地震特性信息转换的桥梁.常规的岩石物理模型通常只考虑单一因素(例如非均匀性,单一孔隙,单一尺度等),建立的岩石物理模板并不适用于致密砂岩.本文针对高饱和气、微裂隙发育、非均质性强的致密砂岩储层,利用Voigt-Reuss-Hill模型计算混合矿物的弹性模量,采用微分等效介质(DEM)模型描述含裂隙、孔隙岩石的骨架弹性模量,基于Biot-Rayleigh波动方程构建了岩石物理弹性模板,给出了致密砂岩储层弹性参数与物性的关系.基于测井数据和实验数据对岩石物理弹性模板进行校正,并将校正后的岩石物理弹性模板结合叠前地震资料应用于川西地区储层孔隙度与裂隙含量预测.结果显示,反演裂隙含量、孔隙度与储层试气报告、测井孔隙度基本吻合,表明该模板能够较合理地应用于致密砂岩储层孔隙度及裂隙含量解释中.  相似文献   

6.
乌石凹陷流砂港组地层岩石粒度变化大,低孔、低渗目标占比近50%,"甜点"储层预测是实现油田经济开发的关键因素,而储层孔隙度、黏土杂积含量评价是"甜点"储层预测的核心问题.本文应用一种新的直接求解包体理论岩石物理方程的储层参数反演方法来进行"甜点"储层评价,该反演方法基于约束最小二乘与信赖域算法直接求解有效介质包体理论岩石物理方程,能够关联弹性参数与储层参数之间的高阶变化,可反演地质体孔隙度、黏土含量空间细节变化特征,通过孔隙度、黏土含量双参数约束实现"甜点"储层分布评价.本文以W17油田为例,首先通过岩石物理分析明确常规储层与"甜点"储层的岩石物理规律;然后运用相控叠前地质统计学反演技术得到高分辨率敏感弹性参数体;最后开展孔隙度、黏土含量储层参数岩石物理反演和"甜点"储层预测.通过与当前业界常用的基于统计关系的地质统计学协模拟储层参数评价方法结果进行对比得到,本次研究应用的储层参数岩石物理反演方法得到的地质体内部细节丰富,盲井预测孔隙度及黏土含量参数精度提高,具有精细刻度储层内部的参数变化,保持弹性反演的分辨精度等优势,有利于解决"甜点"储层连通性及非均质性评价等难点问题.  相似文献   

7.
孔隙结构对储层电性及测井解释评价的影响(英文)   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
在多个区块的测井评价工作发现,孔隙结构直接影响储集层的品质和油气层的电阻率,是测井准确评价流体性质的关键。岩石物理资料表明不同区块内影响储层孔隙结构的因素不同,但效果是一致的,即孔隙结构的复杂程度控制着储层的储集能力和渗透能力。孔隙结构的复杂程度影响了储层中导电流体的分布和含量,从而控制了储层的电阻率。储层出现低阻油气层的内因均为复杂的孔隙结构(骨架导电及工程原因除外)。测井储层评价在分析控制储层孔隙结构复杂程度的地质因素及储层分类的基础上,针对不同类型储层采用不同的模型、参数和标准,可以有效的认识储层品质和识别不同类型储层的流体性质。  相似文献   

8.
偶极声波测井技术自投入使用近30年来,以其在横波测量、横波各向异性分析方面的独特优势使其在测井、地震、地质、油藏工程各方面得到了广泛运用.偶极声波测井资料包含的纵波、横波、斯通利波等诸多储层声学信息,通过时差提取、能量计算、横波各向异性分析、岩石力学参数计算等处理过程,能够有效解决储层流体性质判别、地应力方向确定、裂缝分析、储层改造评价等诸多现实问题,提高了声学测井资料解决油气地质及工程问题的能力.本文简要回顾了偶极声波测井技术的发展历史,详细论述了其目前在国内外的应用现状,并对其在仪器设备、探测模式及数据处理方面的技术进展及研究方向进行了简要分析说明和讨论.  相似文献   

9.
不同类型的页岩,微观物性特征差异明显,本文针对四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气储层进行岩石物理建模及VTI各向异性参数反演。首先,基于前人对粘土矿物的定向排列是产生页岩固有各向异性主要原因这一地质认识,在岩石物理建模过程中引入粘土矿物压实指数CL参数描述粘土矿物的弹性各向异性。之后,基于岩石物理模型开发反演算法,计算页岩储层CL参数及Thomsen各向异性参数,解决了由于无法测得与井壁垂直方向上的声波速度,各向异性直接测量存在困难的问题。计算结果表明,通过在岩石物理建模中引入粘土压实参数,反演方法能够合理估计龙马溪页岩储层的弹性各向异性,反映了龙马溪页岩的微观物性特征。进一步分析发现,龙马溪页岩中粘土含量与参数CL相关性较弱,表明粘土矿物的多少对其压实或各向异性程度影响较小。同时,参数CL在目标层龙马溪组底部和五峰组具有高异常值,反映了储层微观结构与含油气特征具有关联性。最后,基于模型构建了岩石物理模板,可用于储层测井数据与多物性参数关系的定量解释。测井数据在岩石物理模板上的合理分布也验证了岩石物理建模方法的有效性。  相似文献   

10.
龙马溪组页岩微观结构、地震岩石物理特征与建模   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
龙马溪组页岩是目前国内页岩气勘探的主要层位之一.由于岩石物理实验结果具有区域性,龙马溪组页岩的岩石特征与其地震弹性性质的响应规律需要开展相关的实验和理论研究工作予以明确.本研究基于系统的微观结构观察(扫描电镜和CT成像技术)和岩石物理实验来分析龙马溪组页岩样品地震弹性性质的变化规律,并依据微观结构特征建立相应的地震岩石物理表征模型.研究结果表明,石英含量对龙马溪组页岩的孔隙度以及有机碳(TOC)含量具有一定的控制作用,TOC和黄铁矿主要赋存于孔隙中;岩石骨架组成亦受控于石英或粘土含量,在石英含量大于40%(对应粘土含量小于30%)时,以石英、粘土共同作为岩石骨架,而粘土含量大于30%时,则以粘土作为岩石的骨架.因此,岩石骨架组成矿物、TOC含量、孔隙度共同制约龙马溪组页岩的地震弹性性质,富有机质储层岩石通常表现出低泊松比、低阻抗和低杨氏模量的特征,但由于支撑矿物的转换,某些富有机质页岩亦可表现为高阻抗特征.粘土矿物的定向排列仍然是造成页岩样品表现出各向异性的主要原因,各向异性参数与粘土含量具有指数关系.基于龙马溪组页岩的岩性特征及微观结构特征,可以利用自洽模型(SCA)、微分等效模量模型(DEM)和Backus平均模型的有效组合较为准确地建立龙马溪组页岩的地震岩石物理模型,实验结果和测井数据验证了模型的准确性.研究结果可为龙马溪组页岩气储层的测井解释和地震"甜点"预测提供依据.  相似文献   

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正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and  相似文献   

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正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.  相似文献   

17.
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.  相似文献   

18.
Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference (DD) algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock (MsS.7) and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region.  相似文献   

20.
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters.  相似文献   

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