共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 993 毫秒
1.
Earthquake safety assessment of concrete arch and gravity dams 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
Based on research studies currently being carried out at Dalian University of Technology, some important aspects for the earthquake safety assessment of concrete dams are reviewed and discussed. First, the rate-dependent behavior of concrete subjected to earthquake loading is examined, emphasizing the properties of concrete under cyclic and biaxial loading conditions. Second, a modified four-parameter Hsieh-Ting-Chen viscoplastic consistency model is developed to simulate the rate-dependent behavior of concrete. The earthquake response of a 278m high arch dam is analyzed, and the results show that the strain-rate effects become noticeable in the inelastic range. Third, a more accurate non-smooth Newton algorithm for the solution of three-dimensional frictional contact problems is developed to study the joint opening effects of arch dams during strong earthquakes. Such effects on two nearly 300m high arch dams have been studied. It was found that the canyon shape has great influence on the magnitude and distribution of the joint opening along the dam axis. Fourth, the scaled boundary finite element method presented by Song and Wolf is employed to study the dam-reservoir-foundation interaction effects of concrete dams. Particular emphases were placed on the variation of foundation stiffness and the anisotropic behavior of the foundation material on the dynamic response of concrete dams. Finally, nonlinear modeling of concrete to study the damage evolution of concrete dams during strong earthquakes is discussed. An elastic-damage mechanics approach for damage prediction of concrete gravity dams is described as an example. These findings are helpful in understanding the dynamic behavior of concrete dams and promoting the improvement of seismic safety assessment methods. 相似文献
2.
Linlin Gu Feng Zhang Xiaohua Bao Zhenming Shi Guanlin Ye Xianzhang Ling 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2018,17(2):325-342
A large number of breakwaters have been constructed along coasts to protect humans and infrastructures from tsunamis.There is a risk that foundation soils of these structures may liquefy,or partially liquefy during the earthquake preceding a tsunami,which would greatly reduce the structures’capacity to resist the tsunami.It is necessary to consider not only the soil’s liquefaction behavior due to earthquake motions but also its post-liquefaction behavior because this behavior will affect the breakwater’s capacity to resist an incoming tsunami.In this study,numerical tests based on a sophisticated constitutive model and a soil-water coupled finite element method are used to predict the mechanical behavior of breakwaters and the surrounding soils.Two real breakwaters subjected to two different seismic excitations are examined through numerical simulation.The simulation results show that,earthquakes affect not only the immediate behavior of breakwaters and the surrounding soils but also their long-term settlements due to post-earthquake consolidation.A soil profile with thick clayey layers beneath liquefied soil is more vulnerable to tsunami than a soil profile with only sandy layers.Therefore,quantitatively evaluating the seismic behavior of breakwaters and surrounding soils is important for the design of breakwater structures to resist tsunamis. 相似文献
3.
A number of questions concerning the response of concrete gravity dams to earthquakes, motivated by the structural damage caused to Koyna Dam, which has an unconventional cross section, by the December 1967 Koyna earthquake, are considered in this work. The study is not restricted to the earthquake experience at Koyna Dam, but includes consideration of a dam with a typical section and another earthquake motion having similar intensity but different peak acceleration and frequency characteristics compared to the Koyna ground motion. The earthquake response in a number of cases is analysed by the finite element method and results are presented. These results lead to a number of conclusions. Significant tensile stresses must have developed in Koyna Dam during the Koyna earthquake and similar stresses would have developed even in typical gravity dam sections. The Koyna ground motion is relatively more severe, compared to California earthquakes of similar intensity, on concrete gravity dams. The extra concrete mass near the crest of a gravity dam to support the roadway, etc. is responsible for causing a significant part of the critical tensile stresses; attention should therefore be given to developing lightweight supporting systems. 相似文献
4.
The eastern region of the northern part of Japanese mainland has been known historically as an area of mines producing gold and silver. When the extraordinarily strong earthquake rocked the eastern part of the Japanese mainland on March 11, 2011, there were more than 20 old and new dams retaining tailings from many mines.Out of these, three dams suffered breach due to liquefaction of tailings materials and released a large amount of slime, bringing about damage to farmlands and houses downstream. Of particular interest was Kayakari dam at Ohya mine that failed and Takasega-mori dam in its vicinity that did not, although they were equally subjected to strong shaking.In this paper features of these two dams in the design and construction, and damage or non-damage during the earthquake will be described, together with the geotechnical investigations and some analyses that were conducted after the earthquake. 相似文献
5.
高坝抗震设防问题的探讨 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文探讨了高坝抗震设防的决策问题。分别从高坝设计使用年限及高坝的功能2个角度出发,探讨了进行高坝抗震设防标准决策的2种不同方法。从高坝设计使用年限出发,提出同样重要性的结构在不同的设计使用年限应具有相同的可靠度水平,以此来进行抗震设防烈度的决策。从基于功能分析的角度出发,提出应使总的期望损失最小为准则来进行最优抗震设防烈度的决策。 相似文献
6.
Records of the 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake, provided by the Dahan downhole array were analyzed, and nonlinear hysteretic stress–strain relations in the soil layers were estimated by the method previously used for studying the response of soils during the 1995 Kobe and the 2000 Tottori earthquakes. The obtained models of the soil behavior were applied for evaluating changes of the shear moduli in the soil layers and for the nonlinear identification of the soil behavior at Dahan site during the Chi–Chi earthquake. We found that reduction of the shear moduli in the soil layers did not exceed 5%, and the soil response was virtually linear. The content of the nonlinear components in the soil response was about 5% of the intensity of the response, and it was mostly due to the odd-order nonlinearities. A similarity in the stress–strain relations describing the behavior of soils during the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the 2000 Tottori earthquake, and the 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake was found, which indicates the possibility to describe the behavior of similar types of soils at different sites by similar stress–strain relations and predict soil behavior in future earthquakes. 相似文献
7.
Houqun Chen 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(2):241-249
This paper describes some special features of the Wenchuan earthquake that affected dam safety. Damage and performance of dams, primarily for four dams over 100 m high located in the affected earthquake area, are briefly described. Lessons learned related to dam safety from this devastating earthquake are preliminarily drawn. As the seismic safety of high dams during strong earthquakes has gained more attention around the world, some critical issues related to dam construction in China are considered and extensively discussed. Questions such as “Why is dam construction necessary in earthquake prone countries such as China?”, “Can we accurately evaluate the seismic safety of high dams in China?”, “Did reservoir impounding of the Zipingpu and Three Gorges Projects trigger the Wenchuan Earthquake in some way?” and “What is the strategic priority of dam safety for large dams in China?” are discussed. Finally, the corresponding tactics with response to the challenge are suggested and recent preliminary progress mainly achieved in IWHR is briefly introduced. 相似文献
8.
E. A. Rogozhin A. N. Ovsyuchenko A. V. Marakhanov S. S. Novikov 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2010,4(2):79-86
Primary and secondary earthquake effects were investigated (surface breakage and felt effects in the villages of Tilichiki,
Korf, and Khailino) in the epicentral area of a large earthquake occurring in northern Kamchatka Krai. The primary effects
include an extended surface break that can be followed for a length of about 140 km. The secondary (gravitational and vibrational)
effects include soil slides and minor rockfalls, snow flows on slopes, resonant cracks, soil liquefaction phenomena consisting
of mud cones, mud gryphons, and discharges of soil from cracks. Detailed maps showing the main types of earthquake surface
effects have been made. Paleoseismic data show traces of several large earthquakes that have occurred in the Olyutorskii earthquake
zone. Radio carbon dating of soil samples from these paleoseismic scarps revealed a history of great earthquakes occurring
in Koryakia. In all, four seismic events with magnitudes about that of the 2006 Olyutorskii earthquake have occurred there
during 8000 years, the return period of such events being 1000–2500 years. 相似文献
9.
10.
O. V. Pavlenko 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(1):69-78
Records of the Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake of 1999 (M w = 7.7) obtained at the Dahan vertical array (a part of the SMART-2 array) in NE Taiwan are analyzed. The Dahan array was located at a distance of ～80 km from the fault plane of the earthquake. Using the method previously applied to the analysis of soil behavior during the Japan earthquakes in Kobe (1995) and Tottori (2000), nonlinear stress-strain relations are estimated in soil layers at depths of 0–200 m at the Dahan site for successive time intervals. The resulting soil behavior model is used for estimating variations in shear moduli and for the identification of nonlinear behavior of soil layers during an earthquake. According to the model estimates, the earthquake-related decrease in shear moduli did not exceed ～5% and the soil response was nearly linear (the amount of its nonlinear components was also no more than ～5%). The stress-strain relations describing the soil responses to the earthquakes in Kobe (1995), Tottori (2000), and Chi-Chi (1999) are similar, implying that, in principle, it is possible to describe the behavior of soils of the same type by the same stress-strain relations and predict the soil response to a future earthquake. 相似文献
11.
Ung Jin Na Samit Ray Chaudhuri Masanobu Shinozuka 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(2):147-158
Past experience has shown that ports are often susceptible to severe damage during earthquakes. From field damage data of 1995 Kobe earthquake, it is observed that the seismic behavior of port structures shows significant variability. In this study, a 2D numerical model, representing PC1 berth located in Port Island, Kobe and damaged in the 1995 Kobe earthquake, has been developed and used to simulate seismic behavior. It has been found that the uncertainties in the friction angle and the shear modulus of reclaimed soil contribute most to the variability of the residual horizontal displacement (RHD) response of the quay wall of port structures. To investigate the propagation of uncertainties of soil–structure system to the quay wall, a tornado diagram and a first-order second-moment analysis are used. Uncertainty of ground motions has also been investigated. Based on the results, design considerations have been provided. 相似文献
12.
Tensile stresses exceeding the tensile strength of concrete can develop in concrete dams subjected to earthquake ground motion. This study examines the earthquake response of gravity dams including tensile cracking of the concrete. The interaction between the dam and compressible water is included in the analysis using a numerical procedure for computing the non-linear dynamic response of fluid-structure systems. The crack band theory is used to model tensile cracking with modifications to allow for the large finite elements necessary for dam analysis. The earthquake response of a typical gravity dam monolith shows that concrete cracking is an important non-linear phenomenon. Cracking is concentrated near the base of the dam and near the discontinuities in the face slope. The extensive cracking, which develops due to ground motion typical of maximum credible earthquakes, may affect the stability of dams during and after strong earthquakes. 相似文献
13.
Chen Houqun 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(Z1)
China is a country of high seismicity with many hydropower resources. Recently,a series of high arch dams have either been completed or are being constructed in seismic regions,of which most are concrete dams. The evaluation of seismic safety often becomes a critical problem in dam design. In this paper,a brief introduction to major progress in the research on seismic aspects of large concrete dams,conducted mainly at the Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(IWHR) during the past 60 years,is presented. The dam site-specific ground motion input,improved response analysis,dynamic model test verification,field experiment investigations,dynamic behavior of dam concrete,and seismic monitoring and observation are described. Methods to prevent collapse of high concrete dams under maximum credible earthquakes are discussed. 相似文献
14.
This paper investigates the effect of nature of the earthquake on the assessment of liquefaction potential of a soil deposit during earthquake loading. Here, the nature of the earthquake is included via the parameter V, the ‘pseudo-velocity’, that is the gross area under the acceleration record of the earthquake at any depth below the ground surface. By analysing a number of earthquake records from different parts of the world, a simple method has been outlined to assess the liquefaction potential of a soil deposit based on the pseudo-velocity. For many earthquakes occurred in the past, acceleration records are available or can be computed at the ground level or some other depth below the ground surface. Therefore, this method is a useful tool at the preliminary design stage to determine the liquefaction potential before going into a detailed analysis. Validation of the method is carried out using a database of case histories consisting of standard penetration test values, acceleration records at the ground surface and field observations of liquefaction/non-liquefaction. It can be seen that the proposed method has the ability to predict soil liquefaction potential accurately, despite its simplicity. 相似文献
15.
通过吴忠—灵武地区现有的地震活动性资料,并结合该区域过去的几次中强震震例和已有的研究结果,本文梳理与总结了中强震前该区域地震活动乃至中国大陆大震活动的时空特征,而且基于最小完整性震级分析了1970—2019年该区域中小地震的地震活动性特点。综合认为,吴忠—灵武地区中强震的广义前震和中小地震的活动性具有较为鲜明的特征,中强震发生前1—2年内该区域及邻区形成ML2.0以上地震集中区或其西北方向的阿左旗腰坝区域大都出现ML3.0以上信号震,而且一年前其主震的广义前震的确比较发育,存在一定程度的地震增强;地震序列统计分析表明,该区域的多重共轭构造可能是其主要原因,其多震型、双震型和震群型占有相对较高的比例。另外,从大形势角度来看,过去大部分5级以上中强震发生的主导因素很可能由华北地块主导的强震活跃幕引起,该区域的强震危险性不仅仅和局部特殊构造特征、区域前震活动变化有关,更重要的是,华北—东北亚地块大震活动对其也起到了较大的影响作用,相比而言,青藏高原、龙门山断裂带及祁连山构造带等区域的大震活动对吴忠—灵武地区中强地震触发影响不显著,而且吴忠—灵武地区的中强地震活动和华北—东北亚地块的大震活动可能存在一定的构造响应。 相似文献
16.
以一多层框架结构停车场的地基基础为研究对象,分析其在将来可能发生大地震中的动力特性。除地基可能出现的液化,还包括地震中的瞬时沉降及地震后地基长期固结沉降,尤其是不均匀沉降。采用水土耦合2维有限元分析法,对研究领域的地基基础及上部结构进行整体建模。计算中采用的地震波为一三连动人工地震波,最大加速度为182gal,主震持续150s。为比较不同的基础形式对地基液化和沉降的影响,对采用长桩和密集型短柱两种基础形式做分析比较。有限元计算中,采用能反映其地层土交变移动特性的弹塑性本构模型来描述土的动力学特性,桩基础和上部框架结构采用梁单元模型,密集型短柱基础采用弹性单元模型。结果表明,除地震中地基的液化,震后随着超孔隙水压的消散,地基基础长期不均匀沉降也是不可忽略的重要问题。 相似文献
17.
Small scale agricultural earth dams have been damaged by several past earthquakes. Damage to earth dams occurred at distances from the epicentre that increased in proportion to the scale of the earthquakes. On studying the damage a constant relation between the magnitude of the earthquake and maximum epicentral distance where the damage occurred was obtained. This relationship is similar to that obtained between the magnitude and the maximum epicentral distance at which liquefaction occurs. This, and the fact that earth dams which have been damaged several times due to liquefaction were near the critical epicentral distance, suggests that liquefaction of the foundation ground is the main cause of damage to earth dams. 相似文献
18.
Mario Rodriguez 《地震工程与结构动力学》1994,23(6):627-643
Even though a number of parameters have been proposed in the literature for measuring the capacity of earthquake ground motions to damage structures, most of them are not consistent with building damage observed during earthquakes. In this study, a parameter for measuring seismic damage capacity is proposed. It uses the energy dissipated by a structure in inelastic deformations and a structural overall drift, and it is evaluated for three typical ground motions recorded in severe earthquakes. By using this parameter, consistent results with building damage observed in these earthquakes are obtained, which indicate the importance of displacement control for minimizing seismic damage. 相似文献
19.
调查、搜集和研究了汶川地震中被评定为高危以上险情的147座小型水库土坝的地震破坏情况,给出了高危以上险情土坝的地震破坏程度划分为中等破坏、严重破坏和极严重破坏三个等级的原则和标准,以及土坝的地震破坏程度与地震烈度、土坝的宽高比、上游坡比、坝高的经验关系表,可发现:土坝的几何形状对其破坏程度起着重要的作用;对于6～8度地震烈度区,土坝的宽高比越小,或上游坡比越小,或坝体越高,则土坝的破坏程度越严重;对于9度以上地震烈度区,土坝通常发生极严重破坏。依据高危以上险情土坝的地震反应分析结果,给出了土坝地震破坏程度与土坝宽高比、坝高、土坝上游坡比及坝顶加速度放大系数、坝体最大动剪应力的经验关系曲线,发现在相同的地震烈度水平下,土坝的宽高比越小,或上游坡比越小,或坝高越大,且坝顶加速度放大系数越大或坝体最大动剪应力越大,则其地震破坏程度越严重;坝体最大动剪应力超过30kPa的土坝,通常发生严重或极严重破坏,坝体最大动剪应力大于100kPa的土坝,通常发生极严重破坏;土坝离发震断层越远,则其坝顶加速度放大系数越大。本文给出的高危以上险情土坝的地震破坏程度与坝体几何形状的经验关系,可为今后土坝抗震设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
20.
Franck A. Audemard 《Journal of Seismology》2007,11(3):311-326
In light of the July 9, 1997, Cariaco earthquake, it is clearly understood now that damage in the city of Cumaná – located
in northeastern Venezuela and frequently destroyed by the largest earthquakes since the first recorded event in 1530 – is
strongly enhanced by poor soil conditions that, in turn, are responsible for site amplification and widespread earthquake-induced
effects. Therefore, most previous macroseismic studies of historical earthquakes must be revaluated because those localized
high-intensity values at Cumaná surely led to the misestimation of past epicenters. Preliminary paleoseismic results, gathered
at three exploratory trenches dug across the surface break of the Cariaco 1997 earthquake in 1998, allow us to associate the
1684 earthquake with this recently ruptured fault segment that extends between the towns of San Antonio del Golfo and Río
Casanay (roughly between the two gulfs of Cariaco and Paria, state of Sucre). Other major results from the reassessment of
the seismic history of this fault are: (a) the 1766 event seems to have generated in a different source to the El Pilar fault
because the size of the felt area suggests that it is an intermediate-depth earthquake; (b) damage to Cumaná produced by the
1797 event suggests that this was a local earthquake, perhaps equivalent to the 1929 earthquake, which ruptured for some 30 km
just east of Cumaná into the Gulf of Cariaco; and (c) seismogenic association of the 1530 and 1853 earthquakes still remains
unclear but it is very likely that these ruptures occurred offshore, as suggested by the rather large tsunami waves that both
events have generated, placing their hypocenters west of Cumaná in the Cariaco Trough. This reassessment also sheds light
into the El Pilar fault segmentation and the behavior of its seismogenic barriers through time. 相似文献