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本文提出冀东太古宙麻粒岩可划分为无角闪石或黑云母的辉石亚相和含角闪石或黑云母的角闪石亚相,基于平衡的矿物组合估计的压力和温度,辉石亚相和角闪石亚相分别为800—850℃,9—11kbar,700—750℃,7—9kbar。由麻粒岩亚相推导的冀东下地壳由二层构成,下部层(30—37公里)为辉石亚相,上部层(23—30公里)为角闪石亚相,它与地球物理资料相符合 相似文献
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西南天山托云盆地新生代玄武岩中巨晶的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西南天山托云盆地新生代玄武岩中同时产出有深源岩石包体和辉石、角闪石、长石、金云母等高压巨晶. 巨晶主要产于火山活动早期形成的锥状岩席中, 辉石巨晶主要产于剖面下部, 角闪石、金云母以及深源岩石包体主要分布在中部, 长石巨晶主要分布在上部. 晶体的完整性、缺乏变形组构及其与寄主岩的关系表明, 它们是从寄主岩浆中晶出并快速上升到地表的. 矿物学研究表明, 辉石巨晶为铝质普通辉石, Al2O3含量高(>9%); 角闪石TiO2含量很高(>4.5%), 为钛闪石; 长石巨晶主要为歪长石, 双晶发育. 部分普通辉石和钛闪石巨晶发育磁黄铁矿包裹体. 巨晶辉石结晶温度为1185~1199℃, 压力约为1.53~1.64 GPa, 为壳幔边界晶出的产物; 巨晶角闪石结晶压力约为0.85 GPa, 温度约为1000℃, 大致于30 km处晶出. 巨晶歪长石结晶压力在0.8~1 GPa, 温度为900℃左右. 角闪石巨晶中没有金红石等富钛包裹体, 反映了岩浆的快速上升. 辉石巨晶和斑晶成分计算的温压条件位于玄武岩液相线附近, 其大致的P-T轨迹斜率较大, 也可以作为岩浆快速上升的证据之一. 但是, 角闪石巨晶形成温度明显低于同等压力条件下的辉石巨晶, 可能暗示角闪石巨晶形成于岩浆活动前锋温度较低且富含挥发分的环境. 因此, 托云新生代玄武岩应当形成于拉张环境中, 巨晶的形成和上升具有较为复杂的历史. 相似文献
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橄榄石和辉石以及它们的高压相是地幔转换带主要矿物,系统研究橄榄石和辉石在转换带底部温度和压力条件下相变的差异是认识660km地震不连续面位置和形态的关键．本文使用多面砧压机开展了橄榄石和顽火辉石在压力为21．3～24．4GPa,温度为1600℃的相变实验研究．地幔转换带底部,橄榄石和顽火辉石相变主要的差异在于钙钛矿出现的压力不同．在橄榄石体系中,后尖晶石相分解发生在23．8GPa,与660km不连续面具有很好的对应关系;而在顽火辉石体系中,钙钛矿出现的压力小于23GPa．研究结果表明,橄榄石后尖晶石相变与辉石中钙钛矿的出现之间有约0．5—1GPa压力差．因此,在受大洋俯冲带影响地区（例如中国东部）,辉石体系中发生的秋本石（钛铁矿）．钙钛矿的相变能够合理解释660km地震不连续面向上的起伏或分裂． 相似文献
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马里亚纳岛弧南部前弧方辉橄榄岩的交代作用:单斜辉石和角闪石的微量元素特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
来自马里亚纳岛弧南部前弧的方辉橄榄岩是一种高度亏损的橄榄岩, 其中含少量的单斜辉石(0.7 vol%). 在方辉橄榄岩中发现两种类型的角闪石: 镁角闪石与单斜辉石密切伴生, 具有较高的Al2O3含量(>7%)和较低的Mg#; 透闪石在斜方辉石周围出现, 具有较低的Al2O3含量(<2%)和较高的Mg#. 单斜辉石和镁角闪石的原始地幔标准化的REE分配模式显示HREE相对LREE的富集, 且镁角闪石的微量元素含量普遍高于单斜辉石. 透闪石的微量元素含量远低于单斜辉石. 与深海橄榄岩中的单斜辉石相比, 马里亚纳岛弧南部前弧的方辉橄榄岩中的单斜辉石出现大量微量元素的相对富集, 只有Ti和HREE等少量元素除外. 岩石特征和单斜辉石、角闪石微量元素特征暗示这些方辉橄榄岩经历了2个阶段的交代作用. 含水熔体的渗透交代引起了Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na和大量微量元素的迁移. 在含水熔体中, LILE和LREE相对于HREE和Ti更活跃, 并且大部分微量元素在含水熔体中的活动性显然受到温度和压力的影响. 相似文献
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华北克拉通北缘姚家庄过钾质超镁铁岩-正长岩杂岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学和地球化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
姚家庄超镁铁岩-正长岩杂岩体是华北克拉通北缘晚三叠世碱性岩带的代表性岩体之一.本文通过对该岩体细致的年代学、岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究,对岩浆体系性质、岩石成因和地幔源区性质等进行了探讨,这对该碱性岩浆岩带的起源和构造背景提供了新的限制.岩体由堆晶超镁铁岩、辉石正长岩和伟晶正长岩三大类岩石组成.其中正长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为209Ma.透辉石-普通辉石、黑云母和透长石-正长石是主要组成矿物,其次为磷灰石和磁铁矿.岩体富集LILE和LREE,亏损HFSE和HREE,初始87Sr/86Sr=0.7057～0.7061,εNd(t)=?9.4～?11.4.矿物学和地球化学数据表明姚家庄杂岩体的母岩浆为SiO2不饱和的过钾质碱性岩,富CaO,富P2O5,H2O和CO2等流体,高氧逸度,高温;源区为富含金云母-单斜辉石的富集岩石圈地幔,位于石榴石稳定区(>80km);此性质的地幔曾经历来自蚀变俯冲板片熔/流体的交代作用.岩浆在侵位过程中受到了少量古老TTG片麻岩的混染.姚家庄杂岩体的发育,指示晚三叠世时,华北克拉通北缘已进入了被破坏大陆边缘的强烈伸展演化阶段. 相似文献
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鲁西中生代闪长岩中的深源超镁铁质岩捕虏体及其富硅交代特征 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
山东莱芜铁铜沟岩体中含有大量深源超镁铁质岩捕虏体. 橄榄岩捕虏体发育两期交代现象: (ⅰ) 早期交代以发育粒间单斜辉石和金云母为特征; (ⅱ) 晚期交代以发育斜方辉石脉体(含少量斜长石和角闪石)为特征. 超镁铁质岩捕虏体的组合特征、矿物学特征、平衡温度及交代特征支持其来源于壳幔过渡带. 其主量元素、稀土元素和Sr-Nd同位素特征暗示晚期富硅交代与寄主岩的成因有关, 反映了该区晚中生代岩石圈深部存在的熔体-岩石相互作用. 相似文献
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在塔里木盆地前寒武结晶基底研究过程中,为了准确建立地层地磁模型,对库鲁克塔格地区岩浆岩、柯坪地区沉积岩、塔什库尔干地区变质岩地层进行系统取样及岩石薄片鉴定和准确命名,并测量岩石密度、磁化率。研究发现:①库鲁克塔格地区:基性、超基性岩蛇纹石化析出磁铁矿,磁化率剧烈变化,而中、酸性侵入岩磁化率随黑云母含量增加而增大;②柯坪地区:沉积岩中含黑云母长石石英砂岩、绢云母化长石砂岩及绿泥石化粉砂质泥岩的磁化率明显高于其他沉积岩,磁化率主要受沉积岩中少量的黑云母和绿泥石等强顺磁性矿物所影响;③塔什库尔干地区:副变质岩中含顺磁性物质和铁磁性物质较少,磁性一般较弱;正变质岩中黑云母、角闪石等强顺磁性矿物含量明显增加,磁化率较副变质岩高;弱磁性变质岩中黑云母、角闪石、绿泥石等在后期变质过程中蚀变,析出磁铁矿等铁磁性矿物,岩石磁化率明显增高。 相似文献
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北太行山燕山期中酸性岩体中暗色包体的成因：岩石学、地球化学和锆石Hf-O同位素证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道太行山燕山期中酸性岩体中暗色包体的锆石Hf-O同位素,并结合包体的岩石学、全岩化学和Nd-Sr同位素的研究,试图揭示暗色包体的成因.暗色包体细粒并具岩浆结构,有的被强烈拉长,但没有固态变形.这些特征表明包体和寄主岩石曾是共存的、但成分截然不同的岩浆.暗色包体含丰富的含水矿物（角闪石和黑云母）,辉石普遍具有角闪石反应边,斜长石斑晶具有复杂的成分和结构不平衡.对比暗色包体和相邻寄主岩石发现,包体化学成分与相邻寄主岩石密切相关,但其εNd值通常比相邻寄主岩石高,虽然两者Sr同位素成分类似.暗色包体中锆石Hf同位素变化很大（εHf=？10～？22）,指示其两种岩浆混合的特点.锆石O同位素变化也较大（δ18O=5.5‰～7.8‰）,与壳幔岩浆混合的模式一致.包体成因可能是这样的：经历了橄榄石和辉石分离结晶之后的玄武质岩浆首先在地壳深部与壳源花岗质熔体发生混合形成混浆,再强力注入到上覆酸性岩浆房,并分散成小岩浆团（即形成暗色包体的岩浆）.包体岩浆随后与酸性岩浆在接触边界发生斜长石等晶体的双向交换,以及流体和Na,P,Y,Nb和Pb等元素向包体内的化学扩散. 相似文献
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Profiles of salinity, temperature, oxygen and nutrients for a station at 35°46.5′N and 67°59.8′W show the influence of the five major sources of deep water in the North Atlantic Ocean. The presence of distinct, identifiable cores of water types, far removed from their sources, together with linear relationships between salinity and both oxygen and silicate in the deep water suggest that horizontal mixing processes predominate over vertical dissipation and in situ production or loss processes in determining the distribution of these tracers in the deep western Atlantic Ocean. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2021
Springs are complex and taxa rich ecosystems. Diatom assemblages have received very little attention in spring ecosystems in Iran; hence, the diatom assemblage in three selected springs in northeast Iran, were investigated using multivariate analysis together with hydro chemical measures. For this purpose, water and diatom samples collected during four seasons of 2019. Hydrochemistry results revealed that water-rock interaction is the most important factor in changing the water chemistry of studied springs and their waters produced from carbonate reservoir rocks (mainly calcite). As a result, Ca-HCO3 is predominate water type in all three springs. In this study, 75 diatom taxa identified, from which 55 were included in the analysis. Cluster analysis based on diatoms relative abundance, clustered samples in two major groups and third small group. Results of the indicator species analysis for groups and DCA analysis were in the absolute conformity. Results revealed that the diatom assemblage dominated by combination of early colonizer taxa, spring indicator taxa and cosmopolitan taxa; most of them also reported from different spring types. The results also showed that the spring’s diatom composition influence by size and morphology of the springs. 相似文献
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Julian R. Thompson Honeyeh Iravani Hannah M. Clilverd Carl D. Sayer Catherine M. Heppell Jan C. Axmacher 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(15):2482-2510
Thirty UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) scenarios are simulated using a MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model of a restored floodplain in eastern England. Annual precipitation exhibits uncertainty in direction of change. Extreme changes (10 and 90% probability) range between ?27 and +30%. The central probability projects small declines (相似文献
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The use of stochastic models in subsurface hydrology is growing at a logistic pace. To tie together a number of different stochastic methodologies for deriving subsurface transport equations, we have put together a brief review of some of the more common techniques. Our attention is confined to a few select methodologies so that we might delve in detail into assumptions required by the various approaches and their strengths and weaknesses. The methods reviewed include: Martingale, stochastic-convective, stochastic-relativist, spectral-integral, perturbative, statistical-mechanical, and generalized hydrodynamics. Within this list, we also have included a few stochastic methodologies which have been used solely to develop expressions for the dispersion tensor. 相似文献
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P. S. NAIDU 《Geophysical Prospecting》1967,15(1):135-150
A two dimensional linear filter operator based on Strakhov's method for the extraction of a potential field signal (gravity or magnetic) from a background of homogeneous random noise has been developed. An algorithm to solve for the coefficients of the operator is given together with the corresponding computer program in FORTRAN language. It may be used on any machine using FORTRAN IV. A few examples of the operator are also included. 相似文献
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Most flank eruptions within a central stratovolcano are triggered by lateral draining of magma from its central conduit, and only few eruptions appear to be independent of the central conduit. In order to better highlight the dynamics of flank eruptions in a central stratovolcano, we review the eruptive history of Etna over the last 100 years. In particular, we take into consideration the Mount Etna eruption in 2001, which showed both summit activity and a flank eruption interpreted to be independent from the summit system. The eruption started with the emplacement of a ~N-S trending peripheral dike, responsible for the extrusion of 75% of the total volume of the erupted products. The rest of the magma was extruded through the summit conduit system (SE crater), feeding two radial dikes. The distribution of the seismicity and structures related to the propagation of the peripheral dike and volumetric considerations on the erupted magmas exclude a shallow connection between the summit and the peripheral magmatic systems during the eruption. Even though the summit and the peripheral magmatic systems were independent at shallow depths (<3 km b.s.l.), petro-chemical data suggest that a common magma rising from depth fed the two systems. This deep connection resulted in the extrusion of residual magma from the summit system and of new magma from the peripheral system. Gravitational stresses predominate at the surface, controlling the emplacement of the dikes radiating from the summit; conversely, regional tectonics, possibly related to N-S trending structures, remains the most likely factor to have controlled at depth the rise of magma feeding the peripheral eruption. 相似文献
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The McDougall and Despina faults of the central Noranda volcanic complex cut subaqueous volcanic rocks in the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt. Rhyodacitic dikes occupy the faults, along with lesser amounts of andesitic, dioritic and a mixed basaltic-rhyodacitic dike. There are two types of rhyodacitic dikes, one massive the other brecciated. Massive dikes are homogeneous and spherulitic; brecciated dikes are dominated by curved, angular fragments with a few vesicles. Both occur either alone or together in the faults. Where the two occur together they are commonly interlayered in concentric layered lobes.The faults are interpreted as fissures for pulses of nonexplosive rhyodacitic lava. Many intrusive pulses interacted with an external fluid which occupied the faults. This interaction resulted in brecciated, glassy margins and massive, crystalline pulse interiors. Magma/fluid interaction is thus invoked as the mechanism responsible both for dike brecciation and the concentric layering. The dikes are considered as intrusive analogs of extrusive rhyolitic lobe lava observed in Iceland and in Noranda. 相似文献
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Summary The distance of stable sliding before sudden slip on fault surfaces in granite decreases rapidly as the confining pressure is increased. At a pressure of 6 kb the amount of stable creep is very small or absent. Two orders of magnitude change in strain rate has no effect on the distance of stable sliding. Our results suggest that in the earth, fault creep should predominate in the shallow crust but in the deep crustal layer most of the stresses are probably relieved by sudden earthquake type of motion. Below the crust high temperature would promote stable-slip so in this region creep would once more predominate. 相似文献
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The dependence of energy transport by acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) on their spectral properties is studied. On the basis
of the analysis of expressions for group velocities and energy fluxes of AGWs, it is shown that there exist separate frequencies
and wavelengths at which the energy transport in space is most efficient. Comparison of the obtained results with the data
of observations on board the Dynamic Explorer 2 satellite shows that, in the upper atmosphere of the Earth’s polar regions,
AGWs with spectral parameters corresponding to the maximum of energy transport predominate. 相似文献
20.
Vyacheslav M. Zobin Imelda Plascencia Gabriel Reyes Carlos Navarro 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009,179(1-2):157-167
The general characteristics of seismic signals produced by pyroclastic flows (generated by either the collapse of a lava dome or an eruptive column) and lahars at Volcán de Colima, México are discussed. The paper concentrates on the 2004–2006 activity associated with and following the extrusion of andesitic block-lava in October–November 2004. It is shown that the duration of the broad-band seismic records of pyroclastic flows lasts a few minutes while the duration of seismic records of lahars continues for tens of minutes or hours. The spectra of seismic records produced by pyroclastic flows are characterized by lower peak frequencies (around 3–4 Hz) than for lahars (around 6–8 Hz). This difference in the frequency content together with the difference in the duration of seismic signals allows early diagnostic of the events in real time. 相似文献