共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
《Limnologica》2015
We examined the distribution of submerged and emergent macrophyte species and the entire macrophyte community within and between five lake types (highland reservoirs, alkali lakes, large shallow lakes, small to medium sized shallow lakes, marshes) in the Pannon Ecoregion, Hungary. The lowest submerged, emergent and total species richness was found in alkali lakes. The highest submerged macrophyte richness was in small to medium sized lakes, while the highest emergent macrophyte species richness was in reservoirs, small to medium sized lakes, and marshes. The values of within-lake type beta diversity were generally lower than the values of alpha diversity, especially for submerged macrophytes, indicating between site homogeneity in species composition within the lake types. Emergent macrophyte communities contributed the most to within and between lake type diversity and total (gamma) diversity. Canonical correspondence analyses showed that the main environmental variables which influenced the distribution of submerged macrophytes were conductivity, Secchi transparency and water nitrogen contents. For emergent macrophytes conductivity, lake width, altitude and water depth proved to be the most influential variables. Our results contribute to the knowledge of large-scale distribution of macrophytes in the Pannon Ecoregion and to the identification of conservation value of lakes using macrophytes. The results support the importance of small lakes and artificial lakes in the conservation of macrophyte diversity compared to large and natural lakes in the Pannon Ecoregion. 相似文献
2.
《Limnologica》2017
Temperate and tropical shallow lakes differ in several fundamental aspects with respect to management of eutrophication. High altitude tropical shallow lakes are a special case, showing similarities with temperate and tropical lakes. We studied the ecology of the eutrophic high-altitude tropical lake Yahuarcocha in the Ecuadorian Andes and evaluated the potential of biomanipulation to control eutrophication. With a toxin-producing Cylindrospermopsis bloom, low Secchi depth and low submerged macrophyte cover, Yahuarcocha is clearly in a turbid ecosystem state. Relatively low nutrient concentrations should theoretically allow for a shift to a clear water state through biomanipulation. Top-down control of phytoplankton by zooplankton, however, is complicated by the (1) absence of predatory fish, (2) fish community dominated by small poecelid species, (3) lack of a refuge for zooplankton from fish predation within the macrophytes, and (4) persistent, grazing resistant bloom of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis. In these aspects, lake Yahuarcocha is more similar to tropical shallow lakes, probably because water temperature is high relative to the mean air temperature and because of the absence of a cold season. The fish and macrophyte communities consisted almost entirely of exotic species. The exotic fish species probably stabilized the turbid state in the lake. 相似文献
3.
福建闽江水口库区飘浮植物覆盖对水体环境的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
为了探索城市富营养化湖泊生态修复技术,2000年9月在南京市莫愁湖物理生态工程试验区内,开展了隔离外源污染、覆盖底泥和种植水生植物对湖泊水质平均水平和水体脉动强度影响的比较研究．试验结果表明,通过围隔隔离外源污染可在较短时间内迅速改善湖泊TN的平均水平,但难以提高湖泊生态系统的稳定性;通过覆盖底泥控制内源污染难以改善湖泊水质的平均水平,并且难以提高湖泊生态系统的稳定程度;种植水生植物不仅能够全面改善湖泊水质的平均水平,而且可以提高湖泊生态系统的稳定性．此外,富营养化湖泊中,藻类生长与湖水营养盐浓度并不存在正相关的关系．因此,对城市湖泊富营养化的防治,在控制外源污染降低营养盐浓度的同时,应恢复湖泊原有的以水生高等植物为主的生态系统． 相似文献
4.
长江中下游浅水湖泊富营养化发生机制与控制途径初探 总被引：191，自引：22，他引：169
长江中下游地区是我国淡水湖泊比较集中的地区。该地区绝大多数湖泊为浅水湖泊,所有的城郊湖泊都已经富营养化,其他湖泊的营养状况均为中营养－富营养,处于富营养化的发展中,这些湖泊富营养化的原因同流域上的人类活动有很大的关系。一方面,工业,农业和城市生活污水正源源不断地向湖泊中排放。另一方面,人类通过湖泊围垦、湖岸忖砌,水产养殖等破坏自然生态环境,减少营养盐输出途径。国际上对于浅水湖泊富营养化治理的经验表明,即使流域上的外源污染排放降到历史最低点,湖泊富营养化问题依然突出,其原因与浅水湖泊底泥所造成的内源污染有关。动力作用导致底泥悬浮,,影响底泥中营养盐的释放,也影响水下光照和初级生产力。控制浅水湖泊富营养化,除了进行外源性营养盐控制之外,还必须进行湖内内源营养盐的治理。治理内源营养盐的有效途径是恢复水生植被,控制底泥动力悬浮与营养盐释放。而要进行水生植被恢复,必须进行湖泊生态系统退化机制及生态修复的实验研究。 相似文献
5.
《Limnologica》2021
Inlay Lake is the second largest natural lake in Myanmar. Located in Shan State, in the eastern part of the country, it is a known biodiversity hotspot. The lake is negatively affected by an increasing local human population and rapid growth in both agriculture and tourism. In recent decades, several studies have listed faunistic and floristic groups in Inlay Lake, but there is still a general lack of knowledge about the aquatic macrophyte and phytoplankton community composition and abundance, and their interactions. To fill this knowledge gap, field surveys of biological and physical and chemical parameters were carried out in the period 2014–2017. They show that Inlay Lake is a shallow, clear water and calcareous lake, with nutrient concentrations indicating mesotrophic-eutrophic conditions. However, close to the shore, nutrient concentrations are generally higher, reflecting pollution from inflowing rivers, shoreline villages and floating gardens. Both the richness and abundance of aquatic macrophytes in Inlay Lake were high, with several species forming extensive stands in most of the lake over the whole survey period. Total phytoplankton and cyanobacterial biomass were low, but cyanobacteria included toxin-producing strains of Microcystis, suggesting that cyanobacterial and total phytoplankton biomass need to be kept low to avoid potentially harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Submerged macrophyte abundance and phytoplankton biomass were inversely correlated in the heavily vegetated northern lake area. Our survey suggests a great importance of the submerged macrophytes to the general water quality and the clear water state in Inlay Lake. Maintaining high macrophyte abundances should therefore be a goal in management strategies, both for Inlay Lake and other lakes in Myanmar. It is highly desirable to include macrophytes and phytoplankton in the lake monitoring in Myanmar. 相似文献
6.
本文系统地回顾了美国佛罗里达州大型浅水湖--Apopka湖富营养化和生态恢复的过程.流域水文状况的改变,围湖种植和向湖排放农业污水是Apopka湖从"草清型"转变为"藻浊型"湖泊的根本原因.50多年来,尽管内源控制的手段几经改变,但是,控制外源营养输入一直是Apopka湖整治的主要措施之一.Apopka湖富营养化的研究主要包括Apopka湖原始状态分析,浮游植物区系,生长限制因子,初级生产力,沉积物的理化特征和再悬浮,碳、氮、磷蕴藏量和释放率,富营养化的古湖沼学证据,外源磷负荷和恢复指标等.目前,Apopka湖生态恢复主要采取降低外源磷输入,通过人工湿地清除湖中悬浮物和颗粒磷,捕鱼除磷和生物操纵,种植水生植物和提高水位变动幅度等措施.最后介绍了围绕Apopka湖的富营养化及其恢复的学术争论.最后,还讨论了该湖研究和整治一些可能的存在问题和建议. 相似文献
7.
自1960s以来,抚仙湖沿岸带沉水植物群落发展迅速,而监测频率相对不足.为了解抚仙湖沉水植物群落现状及过去60年内的变化趋势,于2016年7月,对抚仙湖全湖沉水植物进行调查,并结合以往多次调查数据进行趋势分析.本次调查设置了36条样带共41个样点.在实测数据验证后,使用卫星多光谱相机数据基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)计算全湖沉水植物分布面积.此外,计算了物种在沿岸带植被区的平均生物量、优势度和群落多样性指数.结果表明:抚仙湖沉水植物2016年夏季分布面积为5.14 km2,平均生物量(鲜重)密度为9.8 kg/m2,最高48.7 kg/m2,全湖总现存量(鲜重)5.02×104t;共采集到沉水植物13种(类),隶属于5科6属.其中,生物量最高的物种是金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum),其次是黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum);出现频度最高的物种是穗花狐尾藻,其次是苦草(Vallisneria natans)和篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus);物种优势度最大的物种是穗花狐尾藻,其次是金鱼藻和黑藻;抚仙湖各样点沉水植物香农-威纳多样性指数介于0.05～1.28之间,全湖平均值为0.75;除轮藻类外,沉水植物群丛的冠层在1.5～4 m之间,其中金鱼藻群丛冠层最高.丝状附着藻大量出现,附着在高大的沉水植物冠层上的生物量远远多于附着在基质上的;丝状附着藻主要附着在群落上层沉水植物100 cm以内的植冠上.在过去的60年来,抚仙湖沉水植物分布面积、全湖总生物量和物种丰富度呈增加的趋势;低矮的草甸型物种如轮藻类、苦草等优势度下降,高大的冠层型沉水植物如穗花狐尾藻、金鱼藻等成为优势种;外来物种伊乐藻在最近几年出现并成为次优势种;丝状附着藻生物量增加.以上结果表明,目前抚仙湖沉水植物群落处于生物量、分布面积和多样性最高的阶段,是维持和保护的关键时期.但相比于国外类似湖泊,抚仙湖沉水植物丰富度一直较低,目前冠层型植物占优势、外来物种快速发展和丝状附着藻增殖的态势,将会引起群落结构不稳定,如果不加以保护和管理,可能会朝着富营养化湖泊的群落结构方向发展,进而对沿岸带水质产生不利影响.除了进一步控制抚仙湖入湖营养负荷外,我们建议对群落上层高大的冠层型沉水植物进行收割,收割深度为100 cm,从而控制冠层型沉水植物以及附着在其上的丝状附着藻,为草甸型沉水植物的发展创造条件,引导抚仙湖沉水植物群落向贫营养化湖泊的群落结构方向发展,但其可行性尚需开展研究. 相似文献
8.
太湖北部滨岸区水生植被自然修复观测研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
1997－1999年连续3年对太湖北部围隔实验区水生植被自然修复过程的观测表明，大型富营养化浅水湖泊滨岸水域，通过实施围隔保护等途径，土著水生高等植物如荇菜、菱等能够在次生裸区水域自然修复生长。1998年夏季荇菜、菱种群覆盖面积分别达到围隔保护区总面积的14．3％和12．7％。伴生种群有马来眼子菜、狐尾藻和苦草等。分析了人为刈割、水产养殖对水生高等植物自然修复进程的影响。据此提出治理太湖等大型浅水湖泊富营养化污染的对策。 相似文献
9.
Ecological optima and ranges of submerged macrophytes are, amongst other factors, assumed to be influenced by ecoregion and flow velocity. In order to test the influence of ecoregion within Europe, species indicator values of three European macrophyte river trophic indices were compared to each other. Species indicator values of the United Kingdom (UK), French and German bioindication methods are significantly correlated with each other. The most obvious difference between the three indicator systems is the number of included indicator taxa. Two species exhibit major differences in indicator values: Callitriche hamulata has a broader ecological amplitude in Germany and France than in the UK, where it is restricted to oligotrophic rivers, while Ranunculus fluitans has a broad ecological amplitude in the UK, whereas the species is restricted to eutrophic rivers in Germany and France.
In order to test if current velocity has an influence on macrophyte trophic indicator qualities, species indicator values of a river (Trophic Index of Macrophytes, TIM) and a lake macrophyte trophic index (Macrophyte Index, MI), both of them applicable in Bavaria, Germany, were compared to each other. Species indicator values are significantly correlated. The most important difference is that different species are included in lake and river indicator lists. Only approximately 60% of the total species are used in both TIM and MI. Three species exhibit a major difference in ecological optima between rivers and lakes: Ranunculus circinatus has a broader ecological amplitude in rivers whereas the species is restricted to eutrophic lakes, Myriophyllum spicatum and Nuphar lutea show the opposite reaction. 相似文献
10.
近几十年来,在入湖营养盐增加,水质持续下降,藻类生物量逐年升高及水位大幅波动下,洱海沉水植物群落演替速度加剧.2016年7月调查显示：洱海沉水植被退化严重,物种数量显著低于近期（2011年）历史水平,分布面积较有记录的历史最高水平（1980s）下降超过70%,优势物种由1960s的海菜花（Ottelia acuminata）、蓖齿眼子菜（Stuckenia pectinata）和大茨藻（Najas marina）等转变为微齿眼子菜（Potamogeton maackianus）、金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）以及苦草（Vallisneria natans）.沉水植物群落在浅水区（0~2.5 m）主要遭受了浮叶植物细果野菱（Trapa maximowiezii）过度生长带来的生境胁迫,在中等水深区（2.5~4 m）面临微齿眼子菜和金鱼藻的过度生长导致的群落结构的单一化影响,而在深水区（>4 m）面临着面积萎缩的风险,这些严重抑制了沉水植物清水稳态效应的发挥.通过对比洱海典型湖湾洱滨村水域沉水植物群落结构在恢复与优化前后的变化,发现洱滨村水域各水深区间沉水植物群落各项多样性指标与恢复物种的丰度均显著提升.因此,我们总结提出了针对洱海典型富营养湖湾沉水植被恢复和管理的建议和对策,以期为后续进一步开展洱海生态系统恢复相关工作提供依据. 相似文献
11.
近几十年来,以大型湖泊为代表的云南部分湖泊受人类活动的持续影响出现了生态环境的明显变化.洱海作为云南面积第2大淡水湖泊,经历了多重环境压力(富营养化、外来鱼类引入、水生植被退化等)的影响.在湖泊现代监测数据面临时段较短、缺乏连续记录的背景下,湖泊沉积物的连续记录可以提供湖泊生态环境变化的长期历史并可用于生态响应模式的识别.以目前处于富营养水平的洱海为研究对象,应用湖泊沉积物记录进行多指标分析,探讨多重环境压力影响下洱海枝角类群落的长期变化特征以及影响因素,并与已有研究成果和现代监测数据进行对比,探讨了枝角类群落对环境压力响应的空间差异性.通过分析沉积物枝角类记录,重建了近百年来洱海枝角类群落的变化历史,结果表明过去100年来,枝角类的生物量总体呈增加趋势,尤其从1990年左右开始,象鼻溞生物量显著增加,物种相对组成出现明显变化(如Bosmina longispina被B.longirostris取代).同时象鼻溞的生物量、壳长与触角长度在1990s初期有明显降低的趋势,与同期外来鱼类(如银鱼)引种成功的时间一致.限制性聚类分析结果表明,枝角类群落结构的变化有3个主要阶段:1990s以前,底栖枝角类为群落的主要组成;1990—2000年左右,浮游枝角类(以象鼻溞为主)在枝角类群落结构中的比例迅速增加;从2000年以后,枝角类群落组成以浮游枝角类为主.同时,枝角类数据的主成分(PCA)分析显示,仅有PCA主轴1呈现显著的变化且解释了群落结构变化的61.64%,进一步分析表明水生植被变化可能是驱动枝角类变化的主要环境梯度,如底栖枝角类生物量减少响应了湖泊水生植被的退化.与已有研究对比表明,浅水湖区沉积物记录的枝角类生物量在1970s急剧增加与1980s急剧降低等现象并没有被深水区的沉积物记录所反映,指示了洱海生态系统的变化模式存在空间差异性.同时象鼻溞个体大小的变化模式反映了外来鱼类引入导致的鱼类捕食压力的变化.总之,本文揭示了枝角类群落结构与生物量的长期变化,反映了洱海富营养化过程、水生植被的退化与外来鱼类引入的长期驱动影响,因此对洱海的生态管理与修复工作应考虑多个环境压力的影响并加强对湖泊生态系统的评价. 相似文献
12.
种植水生植物,尤其是沉水植物,是目前广泛应用于受损水体的最主要的生态修复方法之一. 研究不同生长型沉水植物组合对水体理化因子的影响及营养物质的去除效率可为受损水生生态系统修复提供重要的科学依据. 本研究以我国水体修复中常用的3种不同生长型沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)为研究对象,采用1种生长型种植和2种生长型及3种生长型混种模式,研究不同生长型沉水植物组合及其不同生长阶段对实验系统水质指标及氮、磷等营养物质去除率的影响. 结果表明,所有植物组合处理均显著提高了系统中总氮、总磷和氨氮去除率; 在实验前中期总氮、总磷和氨氮去除率最高. 从本实验受试物种组合来看,1种和2种生长型组合比3种生长型组合具有更高的生物量累积量和总氮去除率. Pearson相关性分析显示,实验系统中的pH、DO浓度与植物总生物量呈显著正相关,总氮、总磷、氨氮浓度均与植物总生物量呈显著负相关. 建议在受损浅水水生态系统修复过程中,根据生态修复不同阶段考虑不同生活型、生长型和功能群的水生植物组合; 在生态修复过程中需加强管理,如水生植物收割等,才能达到最好的修复效果. 相似文献
13.
We propose and validate a new sampling method to assess the presence, abundance and distribution of macrophytes in circular-shaped lakes according to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD2000/60/EC). The results of the macrophyte survey, and in particular of macrophyte diversity, obtained using this method are also discussed.The sampling is based on randomly selected transects homogeneously distributed around the perimeter of the lake. The number of transects is proportional to the lake's size. The method was validated on six Italian volcanic lakes using computational resampling procedures on a total of 126 transects.Using resampling procedures, we show that the proposed approach identifies more than 75% of the overall species richness through a moderate sampling effort. According to our results, Charophytes dominate aquatic vegetation in Italian volcanic lakes. Species diversity is highest at shallow depths, whereas the most abundant species, such as Chara polyacantha, are located at an intermediate depth between the shoreline and the maximum growing depth. 相似文献
14.
重建沉水植物群落是修复浅水富营养化湖泊的关键.河蚌可改善水下光照条件、促进沉水植物生长，因此放养河蚌常被用于沉水植物群落恢复的并行手段.河蚌是鳑鲏产卵的重要基质，因此河蚌可能促进鳑鲏种群发展，而鳑鲏对水生态系统的影响还尚不清楚.本研究以密刺苦草、大鳍鱊和背角无齿蚌为研究对象，通过中宇宙试验研究河蚌和鳑鲏对附着藻的影响，以及鳑鲏对水质和沉水植物生长的影响及机理.结果发现：鳑鲏显著增加了水体总磷、总溶解性磷、总悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度，而对总氮和总溶解性氮浓度的影响不显著.河蚌对苦草的相对生长率、总株数、根冠比及苦草最大叶长均无显著影响，而显著增加了苦草的单株平均生物量，这可能与河蚌组较高的附着藻生物量有关.鳑鲏未显著影响河蚌与苦草间的关系，但鳑鲏的出现显著增加了附着藻类生物量；此外，鳑鲏还降低了苦草的根冠比，而增加了苦草的最大叶长，这可能与鳑鲏引起的营养盐和叶绿素a浓度升高，以及植物表面附着藻生物量显著升高有关.鳑鲏属于小型杂食性鱼类，在长江中下游地区分布广泛，与沉水植物关系密切，且易在修复后的湖泊中形成优势鱼类，因此在湖泊修复和管理中应加强此类小型杂食性鱼类的监测与管理. 相似文献
15.
Koenraad Muylaert Steven Declerck Jeroen Van Wichelen Luc De Meester Wim Vyverman 《Limnologica》2006,36(2):69-78
Phytoplankton and zooplankton were monitored during 2 years in four eutrophic shallow lakes (two turbid and two clear water) from two wetland reserves in Belgium. In each wetland, phytoplankton biomass was significantly higher in the turbid lake than in the clear water lake. Although total macrozooplankton biomass and the contribution of daphnids to total zooplankton biomass was comparable in the clear water and the turbid lakes, the grazing pressure of macrozooplankton on phytoplankton as estimated from zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass ratios was higher in the clear water lakes. Estimated grazing by daphnids in the clear water lakes was always high in spring. In summer, however, daphnid biomass was low or daphnids were even absent during prolonged periods. During those periods phytoplankton was probably controlled by smaller macrozooplankton or by submerged macrophytes through nutrient competition, allelopathic effects or increased sedimentation rates in the macrophyte vegetation. 相似文献
16.
恢复沉水植被是湖泊生态修复工程中的关键环节，明确沉水植物生长和锚定的环境条件是恢复沉水植被的重要前提。本研究以湖泊生态修复常用的沉水植物黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）为例，结合文献分析、控制实验和野外调查3种方法研究了其生长和锚定的沉积物条件需求。结果表明，黑藻在沉积物有机质含量为0.16%～38.36%、密度为1.08～2.06g/cm3、含水率为19.80%～78.14%的范围内能正常生长，在沉积物有机质含量为0.64%～21.84%、密度为1.09～2.06 g/cm3、含水率为25.32%～72.06%的范围内适宜生长；在沉积物有机质含量为0.29%～18.30%、密度为1.16～2.06 g/cm3、含水率为19.80%～72.17%的范围内，黑藻植株能够稳定定植。本研究结果可为恢复黑藻提供初步的边界条件数据，也可为其它生态修复常用沉水植物的类似研究提供方法上的借鉴。 相似文献
17.
《Limnologica》2016
The lake monitoring programme compliant with the Water Framework Directive has been implemented in Poland since 2007. Currently, the methods for three biological quality elements (BQEs): phytoplankton (the Phytoplankton Multimetric for Polish Lakes, PMPL), macrophytes (the Ecological State Macrophyte Index, ESMI) and phytobenthos (the Diatom Index for Lakes, IOJ) are officially applied and internationally intercalibrated. Based on the monitoring data from 256 lakes surveyed in 2010–2013 and assessed for all the three BQEs, we tested whether the assessment results obtained by the three biological methods were consistent and we searched for the causes of inconsistencies which we found. The lake classifications obtained from the PMPL and ESMI were highly consistent and the relationship between these metrics was relatively strong (R = 0.66, p < 0.001). Both metrics correlated equally strongly with water quality indicators. However, the PMPL and ESMI indicated systematic dissimilarities in the sensitivity to eutrophication between shallow and deep lakes. In shallow lakes, the alarming symptoms of macrophyte community deterioration (lower values of ESMI) occurred at lower nutrient and Chla concentrations and were accompanied by a better status of phytoplankton (higher values of PMPL) than in deep lakes that can be explained by a synergistic effect of inorganic suspended solids and algal growth on water transparency. As a consequence, the positions of phytoplankton and macrophytes as early warning indicators in the eutrophication gradient in shallow lakes were inverted compared to those in deep lakes. Compared to the PMPL and ESMI, the IOJ method gave the least stringent assessment results, with 22% of lakes failing to meet the environmental objectives. The relationships between IOJ and PMPL, and ESMI were relatively weak (R = 0.17, p = 0.008 and R = 0.17, p = 0.007, respectively). Moreover, the phytobenthos index IOJ correlated significantly more weakly with all the water quality indicators than either PMPL or ESMI did. The poor performance of the phytobenthos method in this study may suggest a limited indicator value of this BQE for lake assessment or inappropriate sampling design. 相似文献
18.
考虑生活史的太湖沉水植物优势种遥感监测 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
水生植物是浅水湖泊的重要类群,也是湖泊环境变化的指示物,快速监测水生植物的时空分布对湖泊生态修复和管理具有重要的指导意义.基于多时相环境星影像,构建太湖水生植物分类决策树模型,将太湖水生植物分成挺水、浮叶和沉水植物3种类别,结合沉水植物优势种生活史特征,提出了一种考虑生活史信息的太湖沉水植物优势种遥感监测方法,并对太湖7大沉水植物优势种进行时空监测.通过2013年7、8和9月野外调查样点验证,3期遥感影像分类后总的精度分别为83.04%、81.82%和85.47%,2013年太湖沉水植物优势种总体识别精度为62.20%.提出的水生植物遥感分类及沉水植物优势种识别方法为太湖管理部门开展水草打捞和生态修复提供依据和参考,同时为研究太湖沉水植物的历史变迁奠定基础. 相似文献
19.
沉水植物恢复是富营养化湖泊生态恢复的关键,基质类型和物种丰度对沉水植物生长和群落稳定具有重要作用,本研究旨在探索不同基质类型和物种丰度对沉水植物生长及根系发育的影响,为富营养化湖泊沉水植物恢复技术研究提供基质筛选和物种配置的技术参数。研究选取苦草(Vallisneria natans(Lour.) Hara)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus A.Bennett)、穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii(Planch.)H.St.John)4种沉水植物,根据物种丰度(1、2、3、4个物种)配置了11个物种组合,且选配了4种基质类型:无疏松层(a1、a2)和有疏松层(b1、b2),总计处理数为44(n=11×4)。测定了地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量、株高、最大根长、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根平均直径、总根尖数、根分枝数、根交叉数、根冠比、根比表面积等14个生长及根系功能性状指标。结果表明:(1)随着沉水植物丰度的增加,地下生物量、总生物量、株高、最大根长、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、总根... 相似文献
20.
浅水湖泊底栖-敞水生境耦合对富营养化的响应与稳态转换机理:对湖泊修复的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浅水湖泊中的初级生产者主要由分布在底栖生境中的底栖植物和生活在敞水生境中的浮游植物组成.底栖植物主要包括维管束沉水植物和底栖藻类等,浮游植物则主要为浮游藻类.贫营养浅水湖泊湖水营养盐浓度低,透明度高,底栖植物因能直接从沉积物中获取营养盐,往往是浅水湖泊的优势初级生产者.随着外源营养盐负荷的增加,湖水中的营养盐浓度不断升高,浮游植物受到的营养盐限制作用减小,加上其在光照方面的竞争优势,逐步发展成为湖泊的优势初级生产者,湖泊逐步从底栖植物为优势的清水态转变为浮游植物为主的浑水态,即稳态转换.在稳态转换过程中,浅水湖泊生态系统结构与功能发生了一系列变化,本文综述了浅水湖泊沉积物性质和生物(浮游植物、底栖植物、底栖动物和鱼类等)群落结构的变化,分析了这些变化对底栖植物、浮游植物之间竞争优势和底栖敞水生境间磷交换的影响,探讨了富营养化驱动的底栖敞水生境耦合过程变化和稳态转换机理.了解浅水湖泊底栖敞水生境耦合过程与稳态转换机理对富营养化浅水湖泊修复有重要意义.富营养化浅水湖泊修复实际就是重建其清水态,在制定修复目标时应该关注评价清水态的指标,如透明度、浮游植物生物量、底栖植物的覆盖度或优势度等.在开展湖泊修复技术研发与工程应用时,应该重点关注对底栖敞水生境耦合有重要影响的关键技术,如沉积物磷释放和底栖生物食性鱼类控制以及底栖植物(尤其是沉水植物)恢复等有关技术. 相似文献