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1.
人工湿地对城市污染河水的净化效果及机理   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
赵建  朱伟  赵联芳 《湖泊科学》2007,19(1):32-38
针对采用人工湿地系统净化镇江市内污染较为严重的古运河河水中遇到的问题,采用复合垂直流人工湿地小试装置,研究人工湿地系统对污染河水的净化效果及净化机理.镇江古运河水质调查结果表明,河水中悬浮态污染物质含量较高,为劣V类水体;当水力负荷为750mm/d时,人工湿地系统对CODMn去除率约为50%-60%,TN去除率约为40%-50%,TP去除率约为30%-40%,能够将劣V类水处理为Ⅳ类水甚至Ⅲ类水,表明其对污染河水处理的有效性.研究人工湿地内部污染物浓度的沿程变化规律,可以发现河水中污染物质的去除主要发生在湿地下行池,尤其是表层30 cm处,而上行池未能发挥应有的作用,分析表明与可能与污染河水中的碳氮比有一定的关系.通过本次实验发现湿地表层对污染物的去除表现为滤料及植物根系的过滤、吸附、截留以及微生物的降解、植物吸收等综合作用.  相似文献   

2.
云南抚仙湖窑泥沟复合湿地的除氮效果   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8  
为了延缓抚仙湖局部湖湾水体富营养化趋势,在北岸建设了净化面积1hm2.的复合人工湿地.综合利用生物氧化塘、水平潜流湿地和表面流湿地治理技术,对入湖河道窑泥沟污水中氮的去除效果进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,湿地系统的除氮效果十分明显,水力负荷年平均为437mm/d,氮负荷年平均为3.315 g/(m2·d),湿地系统氮滞留量年平均为1.91g/(m2·d).其中,通过植物吸收同化作用除氮量为0.142g/(m2·d),占总氮滞留量的7.5%左右.湿地系统对污水中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐氮(NOX-)、氨氮(NH4+)、有机氮(TON)和总氮(TN)的去除率年平均分别为62.7%、53.8%、62.4%和57.5%.在湿地系统各功能区中,表面流人工湿地除氮效果最佳,氮去除率年平均为39.4%,硝化和反硝化作用均较强;生物净化塘除氮效果次之,氮去除率年平均为18.5%;潜流人工湿地氮去除率年平均为10.6%;沉淀池中氮去除率年平均只有3.6%.  相似文献   

3.
沈林亚  吴娟  钟非  向东方  成水平 《湖泊科学》2017,29(5):1084-1090
本文研究了分级进水对阶梯垂直流人工湿地处理生活污水效果的影响.在保持总水力负荷为100 mm/d的情况下,分别将总进水量的0%、10%、20%和30%用于湿地第2级阶梯的进水,分析了系统对化学需氧量(COD)和氮、磷的总去除率和沿程变化.结果表明,不同分级进水比例条件下人工湿地对COD和总磷(TP)的去除率差异不明显,COD和TP的最高去除率分别为87.80%和81.17%,COD的去除主要集中在第1级,其贡献率平均为82.18%,TP的去除主要集中在第3级,贡献率平均为54.37%.分级进水对总氮(TN)去除率影响显著(P0.05),当2级进水比例为20%时,TN去除率最高,为61.70%±4.48%,且3个梯级对TN的去除贡献率分别为36.52%、42.11%和21.37%.相同组合形式的垂直流人工湿地处理生活污水的工程应用中,可根据需求设置20%左右的2级进水比例,以提高人工湿地对污染物的去除效果.  相似文献   

4.
旁路多级人工湿地对巢湖流域南淝河水的净化效果   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了削减南淝河输入巢湖的污染物,建成南淝河旁路多级人工湿地水质净化示范工程,包括预处理系统、垂直潜流湿地系统和水平潜流湿地系统3个工艺单元.2014年3月至2015年2月对人工湿地各净化单元出水进行周年监测,分析各净化单元对污染物的去除效果,并探讨季节变化对去除效果的影响.结果显示,旁路多级人工湿地体现较高的去除效果.对高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)和总磷(TP)的总去除率分别为70.9%、43.7%、43.5%和76.6%.COD_(Mn)和TP的平均出水浓度均优于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅳ类水标准,而NH_4~+-N的平均出水浓度优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A类标准.各净化单元对污染物的去除差异显著,COD_(Mn)的去除主要发生在预处理单元,其对COD_(Mn)削减的净化率为65.1%;TN、NH_4~+-N和TP的去除主要发生在垂直潜流湿地单元,其对TN、NH_4~+-N和TP削减的净化率分别为23.2%、27.1%和51.1%.不同季节,旁路多级人工湿地对污染物去除具有一定差异,对COD_(Mn)和TP的去除率均表现为夏季秋季春季冬季,对TN的去除率表现为秋季春季夏季冬季,对NH_4~+-N的去除率表现为秋季夏季春季冬季.最后,建议通过增加碳源和增大水力停留时间来进一步优化该工艺,以有效提高脱氮效果.  相似文献   

5.
微曝气生态浮床净化入湖河口污染河水原位模型实验   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
针对污染河水黑臭缺氧、NH_4~+-N含量高等问题,研发了一种"漂浮载体悬挂弹性生物膜填料+水生植物并辅以人工微曝气系统"的微曝气生态浮床系统.通过原位模型实验,研究了其在大清河入湖河口对污染河水的净化效果,当水力负荷为1500mm/d时,对TN和NH_4~+-N的平均去除率分别为81.1%、91.3%,对TP的平均去除率为72.7%,对PO_4~(3-)-p的平均去除率为92.5%,对有机物亦有较强的去除能力;处理1m~3水需要的曝气费用约为0.007元.微曝气生态浮床系统整体运行稳定、去除效率高、能耗低,适合流水环境,可直接在污染河道和人湖河口区对污染河水进行自流净化.  相似文献   

6.
人工湿地植物根区微生物与净化效果的季节变化   总被引:42,自引:1,他引:42  
人工湿地污水处理系统具有净化效果显著、建设和运行费用低廉、管理简便等优点.近年来越来越受到人们的重视.人工湿地生态系统受环境影响较大,研究人工湿地在不同季节的净化功能对于充分发挥其作用具有重要意义.对不同季节的芦苇(Phragmite saus-tralis)、茭白(Zizania caduciflora)和香蒲(Typha latifolia)等湿地系统植物根区、无植物对照基质微生物分布状况以及净化效果进行了研究,结果显示:(1)种植不同植物的湿地系统根区微生物数量不同,其湿地净化效果也不同;(2)季节变化显示湿地系统秋季的细菌总数量比夏季高;但对照系统夏季的真菌和放线菌数量明显高于秋季;(3)湿地系统总磷(TP)的去除率夏季高于秋季;(4)相关性分析发现湿地植物根区的细菌总数与BOD5的去除率之间存在显著相关性;而根区微生物数量与TP、CODCr和凯氏氮(KN)的去除率之间不存在显著相关性,具体机理还需进一步研究.  相似文献   

7.
潜流湿地中微生物对三峡库区微污染水净化效果的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
刘明  黄磊  高旭  马晓霞  杜刚 《湖泊科学》2012,24(5):687-692
为了探讨潜流湿地对三峡库区微污染河水的净化效果,在野外构建芦竹、菖蒲、空心菜和无植物(空白)水平潜流人工湿地,研究人工湿地系统中微生物基本菌群和功能菌群数量分布,探讨污染物去除与微生物菌群种类和数量的相关性.结果表明:实验湿地系统运行情况良好,植物湿地系统对各污染物指标的去除效果优于空白湿地系统;芦竹、菖蒲、空心菜和空白湿地系统的微生物数量均随温度的降低而减少,其中,植物湿地系统的微生物数量高于空白系统;各湿地系统的微生物数量与水质指标去除率之间的相关性较强,在夏季,不同人工湿地系统的细菌总数与CODMn的去除率之间存在着显著的正相关,真菌、亚硝酸细菌总数与铵氮去除率之间均存在着显著的正相关,在冬季,不同人工湿地系统的反硝化细菌总数与总氮去除率之间存在着显著的正相关.  相似文献   

8.
王磊  李文朝  柯凡  潘继征 《湖泊科学》2008,20(4):450-455
采用低溶氧生物膜反应器对滇池北岸村镇混合污水进行预处理,旨在去除难以自然沉淀的固体污染物,便于后续湿地深度净化.以小试规模在现场自然条件下进行了12个月的连续动态模拟实验,结果表明,水力负荷3-12m31/(m2d)、气水比为1:1-2:1、DO浓度基本维持在O.1-2.Omg/L时,生物膜反应器对污水中有机物能够有效去除,进水COD负荷低于0.58kg/(m3d的情况下.去除率可稳定在60%以上.低溶氧条件下生物膜脱落缓慢,膜厚度达到 800pm,增强了对进水SS的拦截、吸附作用.SS平均去除率达到了90.7%.实验发现低溶氧条件下系统对氮、磷仍具有一定的去除效果.降低曝气量后运行能耗明显减小,以4000t/d的处理规模计算,运行费用在0.05-0.1元/t尽管混合污水中COD、SS浓度波动范围大,但反应器出水及生物膜的生长都能保持相对稳定,为后续湿地系统的稳定运行提供了保障,试验为滇池流域城郊水污染控制提供了新的技术途径与应用参考.  相似文献   

9.
岑璐瑶  陈滢  张进  刘敏  吴庆明 《湖泊科学》2019,31(2):365-374
利用种植不同植物的人工湿地对污水厂尾水进行深度处理以达到更严格的排放标准.利用5块尺寸一致的中试规模人工湿地,以潮汐流作为运行方式,研究不同植物对尾水的处理效果.经过一年的实验,结果表明:5块人工湿地出水各指标均能达到提升标准的排放要求.在不同植物的去污效果对比实验中,种植芦苇(Phragmites communis)的人工湿地对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮和总氮(TN)的平均去除率均为最高,分别为24.01%、68.15%和92.70%;种植风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)的人工湿地对TP的平均去除率最高,为71.68%.在不同季节的去污效果对比实验中,春季芦苇湿地对COD、氨氮和TN的去除效果最好,平均去除率分别为52.51%、76.06%和92.04%,美人蕉(Canna indica)湿地对TP去除效果最好,平均去除率为66.72%;夏季对COD、氨氮、TP和TN处理效果最好的分别是种植丝带草(Phalaris arundinacea)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、风车草和芦苇的人工湿地,平均去除率分别为15.83%、78.11%、67.30%和91.73%;秋季对COD、氨氮、TP、TN处理效果最好的分别是种植芦苇、丝带草、风车草、美人蕉的人工湿地,平均去除率分别为12.19%、58.82%、83.16%和94.01%;冬季对COD去除效果最好的是种植丝带草的人工湿地,平均去除率为33.39%,对氨氮、TP处理效果最好的是种植美人蕉的人工湿地,平均去除率分别为76.33%和79.43%,对TN处理效果最好的是种植芦苇的人工湿地,平均去除率为94.97%.在以后的实际工程中,可以考虑用种植不同季节、不同指标对应的最佳去污植物为主,并且搭配种植其他植物的人工湿地进行污水厂尾水的深度处理.  相似文献   

10.
复合型前置库系统去除面源主要污染物的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以江苏省溧阳市塘马水库水源地水质安全保障工程为背景,针对水库型水源地面源污染存在的主要问题,构建以沉淀区、浅水区、深水区、潜流人工湿地及生物填料组成强化净化区的复合型前置库分区净化系统,研究面源主要污染物去除规律,为工程示范提供技术参数.结果表明,系统滞水时间为1 d时,去除氮、磷、CODCr均有良好效果,分别达到了67.2%、68.2%及89.3%,滞水时间为2~3 d时各污染物去除率增加较少并趋于稳定.引入潜流湿地及强化净化区明显提高了SS、氮、磷、有机物的去除效果,特别是提升了对小颗粒(粒径小于15μm)的去除效果,基于上述研究结果,建议工程示范中滞水时间为2~3 d,并适当优化系统分区结构,提高复合型前置库的净化效率及面积利用率.  相似文献   

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正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.  相似文献   

16.
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and  相似文献   

17.
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.  相似文献   

18.
Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference (DD) algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock (MsS.7) and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region.  相似文献   

20.
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters.  相似文献   

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