共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
消落区是河流、湖泊和水库因阶段性或长期性的水位涨落而反复淹没或出露而形成的一种特殊的季节性湿地.消落区植被在维持水陆生态系统的动态平衡、生物多样性、生态安全及生态服务功能等方面发挥着重要作用.通过样方法调查分析了海南松涛水库消落区植物组成、区系特点以及群落分布特征.结果显示：松涛水库消落区共有维管植物40科101属115种,其中被子植物36科97属111种,蕨类植物4科4属4种.植物区系以热带性为主,外来入侵种较多,且既耐水淹又耐干旱植物众多;群落以草本、灌木植物为主,乔木较少且大多以幼苗形式存在.主要群落类型为以铺地黍（Panicum repens）为优势种的复合群落,个别区域零散分布有美洲蟛蜞菊（Wedelia trilobata）、光荚含羞草（Mimosa sepiaria）、猪屎豆（Crotalaria pallida）、马松子（Melochia corchorifolia）、假臭草（Praxelis clematidea）和铺地黍等单优群落.消落区不同海拔区间群落分布存在明显差异,物种多样性从高到低呈显著递减趋势.研究结果可为松涛水库消落区植被恢复工作提供科学指导. 相似文献
2.
山地平原过渡带地形起伏特征及其对景观格局的影响——以太行山淇河流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地形对过渡带景观格局的形成起关键作用,定量探讨其作用机理有助于科学解释复杂地域单元的景观格局,从而深入理解其演变过程.文章以位于山地平原过渡带的太行山淇河流域为例,采用均值变点法提取地形起伏度,从类型和景观两个尺度探讨地形起伏度对景观格局的影响,并利用Logistic回归模型研究不同地形起伏度区自然和人为因素与景观格局的定量关系,从而阐释其影响机理.结果表明:(1)淇河流域地形以小起伏(70~200m)为主,主要位于淇河中上游;其次为平坦(0~30m)及微起伏(30~70m),位于研究区两端及中部林州境内;中起伏(≥200m)占比例较少,位于河南与山西及林州与鹤壁的交界处.(2)随地形起伏度增加,景观类型由人为景观逐渐向自然景观过渡,景观多样性和破碎度先增后减,蔓延度和聚集度先减后增.(3)随地形起伏度增加,对景观类型分布具有解释作用的因素逐渐由人为因素占主导转为以自然因素占主导.同时,人为干扰的综合影响逐渐减弱,在平坦区人为干扰使林地和草地分布概率比自然状态下分别减少41.26%和7.74%,而在中起伏区两者的分布概率仅减少1.36%和0.22%.由此可见,山地平原过渡带显著的地形起伏特征带来的水热与人为活动的差异是景观格局形成的直接原因. 相似文献
3.
金沙江是长江上游梯级大库富集之地,在金沙江地区选择典型水库开展植物表型可塑性和适应策略研究对该区一众水库生态治理具有重要的参考价值。本文以金沙江观音岩水库消落带为研究区,定量比较了经多年周期性水淹干扰后,绝对优势植物根茎叶性状的表型可塑性,分析了绝对优势植物应对主导因子的关键性状及其协同响应特征和权衡策略。结果表明:1)调查共记录了植物种类11科21属21种,优势度大于0.1的仅有狗牙根和苍耳,为绝对优势种。2)淹水对狗牙根和苍耳功能性状具有极显著影响,是二者功能性状变异的主导因子。3)狗牙根的株高、主茎长、分茎数量、主茎宽、叶片数量和叶面积,以及苍耳的分茎数量、叶片数量、根冠比和比叶面积的表型可塑性指数均超过0.6,是应对淹水的敏感性状。但是,狗牙根的叶片数量、叶面积以及苍耳的比叶面积对淹水的可塑性响应表现出短期时效性,为非适应性可塑性。4)淹水深度调控狗牙根在“逃避”策略和“静默”策略之间的权衡选择,并通过不同的性状组合以及地上和地下部分资源分配以协同响应。5)淹水导致狗牙根和苍耳的生态对策趋同,均采取S/SR策略。此外,相比于狗牙根为水库消落带的普遍推荐种,苍耳因其存在水质污染风险而褒贬不一,但苍耳具有重要的药用价值,能否在每次淹水来临前进行刈割值得进一步探讨。 相似文献
4.
三峡库区消落带不同水位高程植被和土壤特征差异 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
植被和土壤是消落带生态系统的重要组成部分.本研究选择三峡库区腹地忠县境内的3个地质地貌和土地利用历史相似的近自然消落带,对不同水位高程(160 m和170 m)植被群落和土壤特征进行研究,结果表明:一年生草本在消落带植物物种数中比例高达72.4%,而多年生草本仅为27.6%;不同水位高程植被物种组成完全相同,且盖度、生物量、生物多样性指数均没有显著差异;随着水位高程变化,群落优势物种存在一定差异,即160 m高程优势种为多年生狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon),而170 m高程为一年生白酒草(Conyza japonica);土壤容重、含水量、pH、有机质、总氮、总磷在160 m和170 m水位高程间均没有显著差异.因此,160 m和170 m水位高程在淹水时间和深度上的差异造成群落优势种的不同,而对当前植被和土壤特征并没有显著影响. 相似文献
5.
近年来水库消落带植被恢复愈发引起关注,消落带植被在固岸护坡、水土保持和截污过滤等方面发挥着重要作用。然而金沙江流域作为我国最大的水电基地,由于地处偏远,现有研究较少,因而对其水库消落带适生植物及其种间关系尚未明确。通过结合生态位理论和种间关系分析方法,包括生态位测定、方差比率法、χ2检验、联结强度系数AC、种间关联指数OI、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验等,揭示金沙江水库消落带优势植物的生态适应性、种间内在联系以及群落演替现状,并在此基础上,将优势植物划分了3种生态种组,为本区域消落带适生植物的筛选及其科学配置提供参考。结果表明：1)金沙江流域水库消落带共记录植物19科36属37种,频度≥20%的优势物种为狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium)、钻叶紫菀(Symphyotrichum subulatum)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、莲子草(Alternanthera sessilis)、苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti)、土荆芥(Chenopodium... 相似文献
6.
三峡水库不同间距高程消落带草本植物群落物种多样性与结构特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
植物群落结构特征与其生境具有重要关系.三峡水库消落带独特的水文状况和不同地区地理条件的差异导致其不同区域不同水位高程的植被群落结构差异.为研究三峡水库消落带典型区域植被群落结构特征,调查分析了位于三峡水库腹地的消落带上、中、下部3个不同间距高程(145~155、155~170、170~175 m)的草本植物群落物种组成、生物多样性和结构特征.结果表明:共发现49种草本植物,上、中、下部分3个高程物种数分别为4、18、45种,随高程的增加物种数呈较为显著的增加;3个高程草本植物平均盖度、平均密度和平均高度范围分别为(2.58%±1.29%)74.83%±2.57%、(43.58±85.93)466.08±48.04株/m2和(4.89±0.56)77.02±9.31cm.综合分析表明,三峡水库腹地小范围流域消落带草本植物物种组成和结构趋于简单化,由于受水淹胁迫影响及不同高程微生境的差异,不同高程消落带植物多样性有所差异,呈现出的群落特征也有所不同,因此应充分考虑不同水位高程物种组成和结构的差异性特征,分类(区)配置物种搭配、优化种间关系可促进消落带草本植物多样性以及群落结构的改善. 相似文献
7.
三峡水库周期性蓄水显著改变了消落区植物群落组成及多样性,植物群落的演变过程能反映和影响整个消落区生态系统的变化,但目前还缺乏长期连续的观测数据记录,因而本研究基于2009—2021年6月的固定样方长时间序列监测数据和优势植物叶片功能性状数据,分析了消落区3个高程(145～155、155～165和165～175m)区域植物群落多样性和优势植物重要值的变化趋势,通过冗余分析和蒙特卡罗检验揭示了水库运行特征参数和气象因子对消落区植物特征的影响。研究发现:1)消落区3个高程区域,优势植物差异明显,145～155和155～165 m区域以狗牙根、香附子和苍耳等为主,165～175 m区域以狗牙根、野胡萝卜和鬼针草等为主。145～155 m区域植物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(1.47±0.47)和Pielou均匀度指数(0.67±0.07)显著低于165～175 m区域。2)2009—2021年期间,高程145～155和155～165 m区域Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数呈波动下降趋势,优势植物狗牙根和香附子的重要值呈增加趋势。3) RDA分析表明,... 相似文献
8.
1974-2017年洪湖湿地自然保护区景观格局演变及驱动力分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
利用Landsat系列遥感影像数据（1974、1979、1984、1990、1996、2001、2006、2009、2014和2017年）解译得到的土地利用/土地覆盖变化（LUCC）结合研究区44年的气温、降水量、水位等气象水文数据,构建LUCC经验统计模型和计算景观格局指数,探讨1974-2017年洪湖国家级自然保护区景观格局变化的主要驱动因素.研究结果表明：土地利用强度指数由1974年的207增加到2017年的249.36,人类开发利用湖滨带的程度增强,到2017年约有30%的自然湿地转化为坑塘、农田和滩地及建设用地.不同地表覆盖类型的景观格局指数均发生了较大变化,2000年以后湖滨带逐渐形成了以养殖为主的低矮围景观.总体上景观趋于破碎化、连通性降低、稳定性变弱.洪湖湿地自然保护区土地利用强度指数与景观格局综合指数呈较显著的正相关,两者的相关系数为0.84,土地利用强度增加则景观更加破碎、斑块之间的连接程度减弱、区域的景观聚集度下降和景观异质性增加.总体而言,洪湖湿地自然保护区受人为干扰影响明显,开展封湖育草自然恢复与建立植被恢复示范区相结合,构建自湖滨至湖心的梯度变化完整的湿生植被-挺水植被-漂浮植被-浮叶植被-沉水植被的水生植物群落,退耕还草、退垸还湖、修复湖滨带植被,大幅度提高洪湖的自净能力,增加其水生植物多样性,实现湿地的有效修复,改善其结构和功能,维系洪湖湿地生态系统的平衡. 相似文献
9.
近年来,我国西南流域陆续建成多座梯级高坝大库工程,随之形成的大面积水库消落带面临着植物恢复等问题,能否借鉴三峡库区消落带已有的大量植物修复成果和经验尚缺乏科学依据。通过对2021年出露期三峡库区和西南库区消落带现存植物进行调查,采用淹水时间统一划分淹水梯度带,淹水时间7个月及以上为重度淹水区(S)、淹水时间为5～6个月为中度淹水区(M)和淹水时间4个月及以下为轻度淹水区(L),定量比较了三峡库区和西南库区消落带沿各淹水梯度的物种组成、物种多样性和系统发育多样性,探讨了水库消落带物种组成的驱动因子、植物群落构建策略以及多样性维持机制等。结果显示,三峡库区消落带共发现维管束植物20科36属36种,西南库区消落带共发现维管束植物21科41属45种,二者物种组成的Jaccard、Sorensen相似性系数分别为30.65%、46.91%,均以一年生为主要生活型、菊科和禾本科为优势科,相似的淹水时间可能是导致二者物种组成相似的主要因素;西南库区消落带的Gleason丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数整体优于三峡库区消落带,二者物种... 相似文献
10.
以滇池典型生态修复区——大泊口水域为研究对象,研究了富营养化高原湖泊种子库时空特征、种子库与地表覆盖水生植被及水环境的相关关系和恢复潜力.利用高密度样方原位观测与温室控制种子萌发实验相结合,基于2014-2016共3年的长期定位研究,分析湖泊平均种子库密度、分布格局及与覆盖水生植物Sørensen相似性关系,结果显示：年平均种子库形成率在20.35%~34.13%之间,种子库密度2014年为546.67粒/m2,2015年为826粒/m2,2016年为1682粒/m2,眼子菜科的篦齿眼子菜（Potamogeton pectinatus L.）、金鱼藻科的金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum L.）等耐污种属对种子库构成和年增长率贡献较大;垂直方向上种子主要分布于深层底泥（5~30 cm）.随着在时间尺度上的延长,种子库分布更为广泛,且规模越来越大（其中500粒/m2以上规模的分布频率显示增多）.离散系数（V/m）与Lloyd平均拥挤指数（m*）分析显示主要优势群丛（篦齿眼子菜等）为聚集分布,其余为均匀空间分布格局;种子库与水生植被关系评价指标Sørensen相似性系数（SC）研究显示,滇池大泊口平均SC=（0.3628±0.0265）,在湖泊湿地类型和草本群落植被类型属性上处于较低水平,即显示目前植物群落演替过程发生较快,耐污先锋种属在恢复进程上占据优势生态位,而历史优势种和对水环境要求较高的物种却未能规模萌发,一定程度上揭示了高原富营养化湖泊种子库中历史优势植被可恢复性的特征及难点. 相似文献
11.
Ping Guo Hai Xiao Feng Gao Zijuan Li Huan Hu Qianheng Zhang Zhenyao Xia Mingyi Li Yueshu Yang 《水文研究》2021,35(7):e14282
Periodic submersion and exposure due to the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) alter the soil properties and plant characteristics at different elevations within the water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ), possibly influencing the soil detachment capacity (Dc), but the vertical heterogeneity of this effect is uncertain. Soil samples were taken from 6 elevation segments (5 m per segment) along a slope profile in the WLFZ of the TGR to clarify the vertical heterogeneity of Dc. Scouring experiments were conducted at 5 slope gradients (17.6%, 26.8%, 36.4%, 46.6%, and 57.7%) and 5 flow rates (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 L min−1) to determine Dc. The results indicate that the soil properties and biomass parameters of the WLFZ exhibit strongly vertical heterogeneity. Dc fluctuates with increasing elevation, with maximum and minimum average values at elevations of 145–150 m and 165–170 m, respectively. Linear equations accurately describe the relationships between Dc and hydrodynamic parameters, for which the shear stress (τ), stream power (ω), and unit energy of water-carrying section (E) perform much better than the unit stream power (U). Furthermore, a clear improvement is achieved when using a general index of flow intensity to estimate Dc. Furthermore, Dc is significantly and negatively correlated with the mean weight diameter (MWD, p < 0.05) and organic matter content (p < 0.01) but not significantly correlated with other soil properties (p > 0.05). The rill erodibility at elevations of 145–150 m and 170–175 m is greater than that at other elevations. The critical hydraulic parameters were highest in the 165–170 m segments. Both the rill erodibility and the critical parameters fluctuate vertically along the sloping surface. This research highlights the vertical heterogeneity of Dc and is helpful for better understanding the mechanisms responsible for soil detachment in the WLFZ of the TGR. 相似文献
12.
Carbon loss by water erosion in drylands: implications from a study of vegetation change in the south‐west USA 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component of the global carbon cycle yet is rarely quantified adequately in terms of its spatial variability resulting from losses of SOC due to erosion by water. Furthermore, in drylands, little is known about the effect of widespread vegetation change on changes in SOC stores and the potential for water erosion to redistribute SOC around the landscape especially during high‐magnitude run‐off events (flash floods). This study assesses the change in SOC stores across a shrub‐encroachment gradient in the Chihuahuan Desert of the south‐west USA. A robust estimate of SOC storage in surface soils is presented, indicating that more SOC is stored beneath vegetation than in bare soil areas. In addition, the change in SOC storage over a shrub‐encroachment gradient is shown to be nonlinear and highly variable within each vegetation type. Over the gradient of vegetation change, the heterogeneity of SOC increases, and newer carbon from C3 plants becomes dominant. This increase in the heterogeneity of SOC is related to an increase in water erosion and SOC loss from inter‐shrub areas, which is self‐reinforcing. Shrub‐dominated drylands lose more than three times as much SOC as their grass counterparts. The implications of this study are twofold: (1) quantifying the effects of vegetation change on carbon loss via water erosion and the highly variable effects of land degradation on soil carbon stocks is critical. (2) If landscape‐scale understanding of carbon loss by water erosion in drylands is required, studies must characterize the heterogeneity of ecosystem structure and its effects on ecosystem function across ecotones subject to vegetation change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Coastal marsh loss in Louisiana is attributed to plane dieback caused by processes that stress vegetation, and a common landscape pattern is broken marsh that expands at the expense of surrounding unbroken marsh. We tested the hypothesis that vegetation is more stressed in broken marsh than in adjacent unbroken marsh, as indicated by vegetation aboveground biomass, species diversity and soil Eh, on transects that extended from broken marsh to unbroken marsh at Marsh Island, Louisiana. Soil Eh, vegetation above-ground biomass and species diversity did not differ between broken marsh and unbroken marsh, and above-ground biomass was similar to that reported from other marshes. Thus, we rejected the hypothesis that marsh loss is related to vegetation stress. Two factors were related to vegetation vigour: soil drainage and soil bulk density. Surprisingly, significant soil drainage occurred in broken marsh but not in unbroken marsh. Above-ground biomass of the dominant plant, Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl., was lowest where soil bulk density was less than 0-08 gcm−3, which illustrated the importance of mineral matter accumulation in submerging coastal marshes. The mechanism of marsh loss appeared to be erosion below the living root zone, as indicated by the vertical and often undercut marsh-water interface, and by the separation of sod clasts. This is different from more rapid marsh loss associated with plant stress which we observed in other Louisiana marshes only 135 km away, indicating that marsh loss mechanisms can vary spatially even within a relatively small region. 相似文献
14.
基于长序列遥感影像数据、水位日观测数据以及高精度湖盆地形数据,通过提取洞庭湖1987—2016年湿地植被信息,并构建表征水位波动的多周期水情变量,采用逐步回归分析法识别影响洞庭湖湿地植被分布格局的关键水情变量并建立其与植被面积的响应关系.结果表明：1）1987—2016年,洞庭湖湿地典型植被面积在全湖尺度上呈增加趋势,尤其是林地面积,占比由1.77%上升为7.24%.湿地植被格局演变上,东洞庭湖呈现芦苇群落挤占苔草群落空间,并推动湿地植被整体向湖心扩张的趋势.2）影响东洞庭湖苔草和芦苇分布最关键的水情变量是丰水期水位.苔草对丰水期水情存在非线性阈值响应,丰水期平均水位维持在29 m左右,最适宜苔草生长;对于芦苇,丰水期偏枯的水情条件对其生长发育起到促进作用.涨水期和退水期水文过程是影响东洞庭湖湿地植被分布的次为重要的水情因子.涨水期、退水期水位偏低的水情条件对芦苇分布面积的扩张起促进作用. 相似文献
15.
Beach–dune sediment budgets and dune morphodynamics following coastal dune restoration,Wickaninnish Dunes,Canada 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The results from three years of surveying and monitoring a dynamic foredune and dunefield restoration effort on Vancouver Island, Canada is presented. Complete removal of foredune vegetation occurred in three phases spaced a year apart in an effort to control invasive Ammophila spp. The collection of airborne LiDAR, orthophotographs, and bi‐monthly topographic surveys provided a means to quantify and examine sediment budgets and geomorphic responses. Three survey swaths, corresponding with each phase of vegetation removal, were established to provide detailed topographic coverage over the impacted beach, foredune, and dunefield landscape units. The swath corresponding with the first phase of removal recorded a positive sediment budget of 1·3 m3 m?2 after three years. A control swath, with data collected for a year prior and two years following removal, exhibited a distinct pulse of sediment delivery into the dunefield unit with a maximum gain of 0·03 m3 m?2 pre‐removal compared to 0·11 m3 m?2 post‐removal. Vegetation analysis zones, associated with each of the three swaths, demonstrate a range of vegetation responses due to variation in the vegetation removal and subsequent re‐invasion or removal methods employed. The first site to be cleared of vegetation, received ongoing invasive re‐growth control, and three years following removal vegetation cover dropped from 57% in 2009 to 13% in 2012 (?44%). An adjacent site was cleared of vegetation two years later (only one year of recovery) but experienced rapid Ammophila re‐invasion and percent cover changed from 61% in 2009 to 26% in 2012 (?35%). The data presented provides insights for improving the application of sediment budget monitoring in dynamic restorations and discusses the potential for detailed spatial–temporal survey data to improve our understanding of meso‐scale landscape morphodynamics following foredune disturbance. Overall, the vegetation removal treatments reduced the extent of invasive grass and increased dunefield mobility and dynamic activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
淡水湿地水文过程控制着湿地植被景观的形成与演变.基于Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像数据,利用决策树分类法提取鄱阳湖湿地1992、1999、2006、2012年4期景观信息,通过景观格局指数、转移矩阵和质心迁移法对苔草景观的空间变化及其与水文过程关系进行分析.结果表明:研究期间,鄱阳湖湿地秋、冬季苔草景观分布面积受到水位和退水过程的影响,低水位年的中滩位缓慢退水与低滩位快速出露更有利于苔草景观的扩张;苔草景观的空间格局与水位关系密切,在低水位年份,低位洲滩提前出露,苔草景观分布高程较低,部分低位光滩被苔草所侵占,原苔草分布的部分洲滩转变为芦荻景观,景观的破碎化程度较重,在高水位年份,低位洲滩长期被水体淹没,苔草景观分布高程相对较高,部分芦荻分布区被苔草所侵占,而原苔草景观的部分区域转变为水体和光滩,由于该期间苔草主要集中分布在湖周和入湖河口地带的高位洲滩上,其景观破碎化程度较轻;水位年际间的升降变化会影响苔草景观质心位置,年均水位上升引起景观质心发生向湖岸方向推进,而年均水位下降则会导致苔草景观质心向湖心方向转移. 相似文献