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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE METHOD OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DATA AND HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES 
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下载免费PDF全文 After destructive earthquakes, the assessment result of seismic intensity is an important decision-making basis for emergency rescue, recovery and reconstruction. This job requires higher timeliness by government and society. Because remote sensing technology is not affected by the terrible traffic conditions on the ground after the earthquake, large-scale seismic damage information in the earthquake area can be collected in a short time by the remote sensing image. The remote sensing technique plays a more and more important role in rapid acquisition of seismic damage information, emergency rescue decision-making, seismic intensity assessment and other work. On the basis of previous studies, this paper proposes a new method to assess seismic intensity by using remote sensing image, i.e. to interpret the building collapse rate of a residential quarter after an earthquake by high-resolution remote sensing images. If there already are detailed building data and building structure vulnerability matrix data of a residential area, we can calculate the building collapse rate under any intensity values in this residential area by using the theory of earthquake damage prediction. Assuming that the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing is equal to the building collapse rate predicted by using the existing data, it will be easy to calculate the actual seismic intensity of the residential area in this earthquake event. Based on this idea, according to the relevant standard specifications issued by China Earthquake Administration, this paper puts forward some functional models, such as the calculation model of building collapse rate based on remote sensing, the data matrix model of residential building structure, the prediction function matrix model of residential building collapse rate and the prediction model of residential building collapse rate. A formula for calculating seismic intensity by using remote sensing interpretation of collapse rate is also proposed. To test and verify the proposed method, this paper takes two neighboring blocks of Jiegu Town after the Yushu M7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province as an example. The building structure matrix of the study block was constructed by using pre-earthquake 0.6m resolution satellite remote sensing image(QuickBird, acquired on November 6, 2004), post-earthquake 0.2m aerial remote sensing image(acquired by National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, April 15, 2010) and some field investigation data. The building collapse rate in the two blocks was calculated by using the interpretation results of seismic damage from the Remote Sensing Technology Coordinating Group of China Seismological Bureau. The seismic damage matrix of building structures in Yushu area is constructed by using the abundant scientific data of the scientific investigation team of the project “Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Yushu M7.1 Earthquake in Qinghai Province” of China Seismological Bureau. On this basis, the collapse rate prediction function of different structures in Yushu area is constructed. According to the prediction function of collapse rate and the building structure matrix of the two blocks, the building collapse rate under different intensity values is predicted, and the curve of intensity-collapse rate function is drawn. By comparing the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing and the intensity-collapse rate function curve of this two blocks, the seismic intensity of both blocks are calculated to be the same value: Ⅸ degree, which is consistent with the results of the field scientific investigation of the earthquake. The validation shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively avoid the influence caused by the difference of seismic performance of buildings and accurately evaluate seismic intensity when using remote sensing technique. The method has certain application value for earthquake emergency work. 相似文献
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This paper describes recent efforts that incorporate remote sensing techniques and platforms into geotechnical earthquake reconnaissance to document damage patterns, collect three-dimensional geometries of failures, and measure ground movements. The most-commonly used remote sensing techniques in geotechnical engineering (satellite imagery and LIDAR), as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), are introduced and recent case histories of the use of these techniques in reconnaissance efforts are provided. These examples demonstrate the potential for remote sensing to improve our understanding of geotechnical effects both at a regional scale and at a local level. The use of remote sensing to measure ground movements is particularly noteworthy and has the potential to provide data sets that will improve our ability to quantitatively predict the consequences of liquefaction and landslides. However, to realize this potential, investments must be made in collecting appropriate pre-earthquake data. 相似文献
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Comparison between seismic vulnerability models and experimental dynamic properties of existing buildings in France 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Elastic fundamental frequency is a key-parameter of simplified seismic design and vulnerability assessment methods. Empirical
relationships exist in codes to estimate this frequency but they miss experimental data to validate them accounting for national
feature of building design and, above all, corresponding uncertainties. Even if resonance frequency extracted from ambient
vibrations may be larger than the elastic frequency (at yield) generally used in earthquake engineering, ambient vibration
recordings may provide a large set of data for statistical analysis of periods versus building characteristics relationships.
We recorded ambient vibrations and estimated the fundamental frequency of about 60 buildings of various types (RC and masonry)
in Grenoble City (France). These data complete the set existing yet, made of 26 RC-buildings of Grenoble (Farsi and Bard 2004)
and 28 buildings in Nice (France) (Dunand 2005). Statistical analysis of these experimental data was performed for fundamental
frequencies of RC shear wall structures and the results are compared with existing relationships. Only building height or
number of stories has a statistical relevancy to estimate the resonance frequency but the variability associated to the proposed
relationships is large. Moreover, we compared the elastic part of capacity curves of RC and masonry buildings used in the
European Risk-UE method for vulnerability assessment with the experimental frequencies. The variability is also large and
the curves may not be consistent with French existing buildings. 相似文献
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向导式遥感震害评估系统研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依托国家科技支撑计划重点项目子专题,在总结、归纳已有震害评估系统处理方式、流程及优缺点的前提下,研究了符合实际工作状况的遥感震害评估系统.该系统集成了基于ENVI/IDL、ERDAS开发的影像处理模块,可辅助提取高分辨率遥感影像中房屋倒塌、道路损毁、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等震害信息.尤其是面向对象分类模块,对遥感影像各种特征进行了综合处理.基于ArcEngine开发的空间数据管理与分析模块,可处理道路空间位置分布、地震烈度划分、行政区划及属性等信息.并实现了对各模块向导式的流程化调用,有效提高了震后灾害评估工作的效率.该系统已在地震应急工作中发挥了有力的作用. 相似文献
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强地震发生后, 道路是抗震救灾的生命线, 快速有效地提供灾区可通行道路的状况可为地震应急救援力量的部署提供强有力的信息支撑。 基于遥感图像的震害道路识别是遥感地震应急领域中的难点, 但对于地震应急具有无可比拟的价值。 在总结分析地震前后道路影像特征的基础上, 系统地介绍了遥感影像道路提取方法, 之后介绍了遥感震害道路评估工作流程, 重点阐述了遥感震害道路提取与评估方法, 然后综合分析了遥感道路提取在地震应急中的不足, 最后展望了未来遥感技术在震害道路提取与评估中的应用。 相似文献
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遥感分类方法在建筑物震害提取中的应用（以玉树地震为例） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建筑物损毁情况是地震灾害评估的一项重要指标,利用遥感技术快速提取震后建筑物震害信息,对科学指导地震应急救援工作具有重要意义.利用2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震前后玉树县结古镇团结村高分辨率遥感影像,结合像素光谱和空间特性的纹理、结构等多源信息,基于支持向量机（SVM）方法,对地震前后建筑物信息进行分类提取,变化检测出建筑物损毁情况,并与面向对象多源信息复合的模糊分类法的分类精度、提取效率进行对比分析.研究结果表明,多源数据复合的SVM影像分类方法能够有效解决模糊分类影像破碎问题,地震前后两实相影像分类总精度达到77.53％和73.56％,提高了建筑物震害信息提取精度. 相似文献
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利用遥感技术进行震害建筑物的自动识别可为震害的快速评估与救灾决策提供科学可靠的依据.本文从震害建筑物在高分辨率遥感影像下灰度的特征入手,以5·12汶川特大地震后都江堰市区ALOS遥感影像为数据源,在MATLAB平台下对影像进行灰度增强处理、数学形态学重构以及连接、填充处理,并结合区域统计特性最后自动识别震害房屋.结果表明,利用ALOS影像丰富的纹理特征及空间结构信息与MATLAB在数学形态学处理中的优势能够准确有效地提取震害建筑物信息. 相似文献
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It has been proved through experiments that the electromagnetic radiation energy of a substance will vary when stress acts on the substance. This moment, the electromagnetic radiation energy (observation value) received by the remote sensor is triggered not only by the substance temperature and also by the stress. Separating quantitatively these two kinds of electromagnetic radiation energy and then inversing the actual temperature state and stress state of a medium is a matter with practical significance in earthquake prediction and stability monitoring for the large-scale geotechnical engineering. In this paper the principle and the mathematical method for inversing stress by using multiband remote sensing data are discussed in detail. A calculation example is listed. 相似文献
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Clotaire Michel Philippe Guguen Saber El Arem Jacky Mazars Panagiotis Kotronis 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(4):419-441
In countries with a moderate seismic hazard, the classical methods developed for strong motion prone countries to estimate the seismic behaviour and subsequent vulnerability of existing buildings are often inadequate and not financially realistic. The main goals of this paper are to show how the modal analysis can contribute to the understanding of the seismic building response and the good relevancy of a modal model based on ambient vibrations for estimating the structural deformation under weak earthquakes. We describe the application of an enhanced modal analysis technique (frequency domain decomposition) to process ambient vibration recordings taken at the Grenoble City Hall building (France). The frequencies of ambient vibrations are compared with those of weak earthquakes recorded by the French permanent accelerometric network (RAP) that was installed to monitor the building. The frequency variations of the building under weak earthquakes are shown to be less (∼2%) and therefore ambient vibration frequencies are relevant over the elastic domain of the building. The modal parameters extracted from ambient vibrations are then used to determine the 1D lumped‐mass model in order to reproduce the inter‐storey drift under weak earthquakes and to fix a 3D numerical model that could be used for strong earthquakes. The correlation coefficients between data and synthetic motion are close to 80 and 90% in horizontal directions, for the 1D and 3D modelling, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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遥感图像面向对象分类作为空间信息提取的关键技术, 在震害信息提取方面发挥着非常重要的作用, 然而由于光学遥感影像是正射图像, 只能提取建筑物屋顶信息, 这使得单一利用震后光学影像进行震害信息提取存在一定的局限性. 针对该问题, 本文提出了一种基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)相关变化检测的光学影像震害建筑物面向对象提取方法, 即在光学影像面向对象提取的数据中融合SAR相关性, 对光学影像进行面向对象提取震害建筑物时不仅考虑建筑物的几何、 光谱等特征, 还加入震前震后变化信息即SAR相关性进行分类. 在此基础上, 选取2008年汶川MS8.0地震震区都江堰地区作为研究区进行试验. 结果表明, 本文提出的方法相对于单一使用光学影像进行震害建筑物提取, 其准确度有较明显的提高. 相似文献
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为提高震害信息获取时效性,对基于我国国产高分遥感影像的建筑物震害信息提取方法进行深入研究,本文以2017年5月11日新疆塔县MS5.5地震为例,利用该地震前后极灾区高分遥感影像,利用结合纹理和形态学特征的方法进行了建筑物震害信息提取,通过变化检测分析获取了极灾区建筑物震害信息,并与基于像元级和基于目标级的信息提取结果进行对比,采用震后无人机影像目视解译结果对本文结果进行了精度验证。结果表明:通过缩减研究区范围可大力提高数据提取精度和速度;运用灰度共生矩阵、二值化、数学形态学等方法对影像进行迭代运算,能较好地提取高分遥感影像中的建筑物信息;通过对地震前后建筑物提取结果进行变化检测分析,能够有效地提取完全倒塌的建筑物,信息提取总体精度为90.45%,比基于像元级和基于目标级信息提取结果的精度分别提高了5.78%和5.23%,可为震后快速确定人员压埋点、部署救援力量提供决策依据,提高地震应急救援的时效性。 相似文献
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Wang Xiaoqing Wang Long Zhang Xihai Ding Xiang Qiu Hu Dong Yanfang DouAixia Zhang Feiyu Liu Zaitao 《中国地震研究》2009,23(4):392-401
The fast developing remote sensing techniques play an increasingly important role in earthquake emergency response, disaster survey and loss estimation. As there is a lack of quantitative studies on seismic damage based on remote sensing, its practicality in seismic disaster management has usually been questioned. The paper introduces the essential quantitative study idea, the concept of the remote sensing seismic damage index (DRS_I RS) and analysis models, demonstrates the seismic damage indices (DG_IC) of buildings obtained from ground surveying and its quantitative relation to DRS_I RS in Dujiangyan city, Sichuan Province, which was destroyed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with M_S8.0. The primary results show that an obvious relationship exists between the DRS_I RS of buildings obtained from the high resolution satellite or aerial remote sensing images and DG_I C or the building collapse ratio obtained through ground survey, which suggests that the quantitative study on seismic damage based on remote sensing will provide an effective method for seismic damage survey and loss estimation. 相似文献
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为了提高建筑物震害信息提取的效率与准确度,针对震后高分辨率遥感影像,根据震害建筑物在遥感影像上的特征,以2010年海地MS7.0地震为例,通过尺度参数估计算法自动选择最优分割尺度对影像进行多尺度分割,并采用面向对象方法对海地高分辨率遥感影像进行建筑物震害信息提取,同时与基于像元的支持向量机、反向传播神经网络、基于分类回归算法的决策树分类方法进行比较。试验结果表明,面向对象的分类方法具有更好的目视效果和更高的分类精度,有利于地震后震害信息的准确提取和快速评估。 相似文献
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目前,地震灾情信息的获取主要依靠地震现场调查,费时费力,为第一时间快速了解灾区灾情,以便尽快做出救灾决策,指挥调度救援力量,引进新的技术手段辅助获取灾情信息十分必要。进行了无人机技术在新疆塔什库尔干县地震的应用研究,利用无人机技术,获取了地震极灾区库孜滚村高分辨率影像数据,结合震前GF-1遥感影像数据及地震现场震害调查数据,获取极灾区灾情信息。结果表明:无人机遥感技术可快速采集极灾区遥感影像,有利于对灾情做出正确判断和评估。根据无人机遥感影像结合震前遥感影像和地震现场调查数据,进行区域建筑物结构类型和损毁程度遥感解译,可快速获取灾情,无人机技术在地震应急方面应用效果显著,为灾情评估、救援和灾后重建工作提供了科学决策依据。 相似文献
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The knowledge of fundamental frequency and damping ratio of structures is of uppermost importance in earthquake engineering, especially to estimate the seismic demand. However, elastic and plastic frequency drops and damping variations make their estimation complex. This study quantifies and models the relative frequency drop affecting low‐rise modern masonry buildings and discusses the damping variations based on two experimental data sets: Pseudo‐dynamic tests at ELSA laboratory in the frame of the ESECMaSE project and in situ forced vibration tests by EMPA and EPFL. The relative structural frequency drop is shown to depend mainly on shaking amplitude, whereas the damping ratio variations could not be explained by the shaking amplitude only. Therefore, the absolute frequency value depends mostly on the frequency at low amplitude level, the amplitude of shaking and the construction material. The decrease in shape does not vary significantly with increasing damage. Hence, this study makes a link between structural dynamic properties, either under ambient vibrations or under strong motions, for low‐rise modern masonry buildings. A value of 2/3 of the ambient vibration frequency is found to be relevant for the earthquake engineering assessment for this building type. However, the effect of soil–structure interaction that is shown to also affect these parameters has to be taken into account. Therefore, an analytical methodology is proposed to derive first the fixed‐base frequency before using these results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献