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1.
Scattering and Diffraction of elastic in-plane P- and SV- waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong-motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-of-plane SH waves on the same elastic canyon that is semi-circular in shape on the half-space surface is the first such problem that was solved by analytic closed form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresponding case of in-plane P- and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more complicated problem because, the in-plane P- and SV- scattered waves have different wave speeds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-space surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such problem is found by the author in the work of Lee and Liu. This paper uses the technique of Lee and Liu of defining these stress-free scattered waves to solve the problem of the scattered and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shape. 相似文献
2.
Weighted residual method for diffraction of plane P-waves in a 2-D elastic half-space III: on an almost circular arbitrary-shaped alluvial valley 
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下载免费PDF全文 Scattering and diffraction of elastic in-plane P- and SV-waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-of-plane SH-waves on the same elastic canyon that is semicircular in shape on the half-space surface is the first such problem that was solved by analytic closed-form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresponding case of in-plane P- and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more complicated problem because the in-plane P- and SV- scattered waves have different wave speeds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-space surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such problem is found by Lee and Liu. This paper uses their technique of defining these stress-free scattered waves, which Brandow and Lee previously used to solve the problem of the scattering and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shape, to the study of the scattering and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost circular arbitrary-shaped alluvial valley. 相似文献
3.
The standard free-surface boundary conditions for in-plane crack dynamics are shown to be identical to the conditions for
crack dynamics on a liquefied crack. The surfaces of both the free and liquefied cracks do not separate during faulting and
hence the static normal stress is not relaxed by the faulting. A crack with either free or liquid boundary conditions deforms
in the transverse direction during slip. It follows that both the free and liquefied cracks may represent solutions to the
heat-flow paradox. As an application of the proof, we derive a physical understanding of the properties of harmonic Rayleigh
waves on a uniform elastic half-space without solving a cubic equation. 相似文献
4.
Weighted residual method for diffraction of plane P-waves in a 2-D elastic half-space Ⅲ: on an almost circular arbitrary-shaped alluvial valley 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Scattering and diffraction of elastic in-plane P-and SV-waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-ofplane SH-waves on the same elastic canyon that is semicircular in shape on the half-space surface is the first such problem that was solved by analytic closed-form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresponding case of in-plane P-and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more complicated problem because the in-plane P-and SV-scattered waves have different wave speeds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-space surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such problem is found by Lee and Liu. This paper uses their technique of defining these stress-free scattered waves, which Brandow and Lee previously used to solve the problem of the scattering and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shape, to the study of the scattering and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost circular arbitrary-shaped alluvial valley. 相似文献
5.
Ernest Heymsfield 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(12):1651-1667
The direct boundary integral equation technique is used to study in-plane surface amplification of in-plane seismic body waves for the case of an inhomogeneity in a bedrock half-space. In the studied soil configuration, a soil layer rests on a rock half-space which includes a rock inclusion. The rock inclusion considered is a semi-infinite horizontal rock layer in which its upper boundary borders the soil layer. Materials in the soil–rock configuration are considered viscoelastic except for the section of the rock half-space below the level of the rock inclusion which is considered elastic. A parametric study is performed to determine controlling factors for surface displacement due to in-plane body waves. The study investigates varying the stiffness and the thickness of the rock inclusion for a range of frequencies and wave incidence angles. Anti-plane waves for this type of soil-rock configuration have been addressed in a previous article by Heymsfield (Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn. 28 : 841–855 (1999)). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Diffraction of obliquely incident waves by a cylindrical cavity embedded in a layered viscoelastic half-space 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The three-dimensional harmonic response in the vicinity of an infinitely long, cylindrical cavity of circular cross-section buried in a layered, viscoelastic half-space is obtained when the half-space is subjected to homogeneous plane waves and surface waves impinging at an oblique angle with respect to the axis of the cavity. The solution is obtained by an indirect boundary integral method based on the use of moving Green's functions for the viscoelastic half-space. Numerical results describing the motion on the ground surface and the motion and stresses on the wall of the cavity are presented for obliquely incident P-, SV-, SH- and Rayleigh waves with different horizontal angles of incidence. 相似文献
7.
Based on 141 data of in-situ stress orientations data of breakouts, stress reliefs and hydraulic fracture tests, and some
data of stress magnitudes from oil-well hydrofracturing operations, this paper discusses in-situ stress regime and the tectonic
stress provinces in the China’s Sea and adjacent areas. Furthermore, the origin of tectonic stress field is expounded.
The research results show that the tectonic stress in China’s Sea region can be divided into some stress provinces which are
the extension of the Northern China and Southern China stress provinces toward the eastern sea area. The tectonic stress field
in the Bohai and Huanghai and their neighbouring regions is controlled by a ENE-WSW compression, where the faulting types
are mainly strike-slip. However, the stress in the East and South China’s sea region and the Taiwan Straits is dominated by
the WNW-NW-NNW compressions, that is to say that the orientations of the maximum horizontal stress spread radially from the
central mainland toward southeastern sea areas. The principal stress directions become more and more steady and uniform as
depth increases. In the North China and nearby areas, the types of faulting are primarily strike-slip. In Southern China and
adjacent sea areas, there is a transition layer at 1,700M depth, the faultings principally show reverse faults above that
depth and strike-slip below it. Furthermore the origin of the tectonic stress field in this region may primarily come from
the composite action of the Pacific, the Philippine sea and the India-Australian plates.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 17–28, 1992. 相似文献
8.
Chi Hsin Lin Vincent W. Lee Maria I. Todorovska Mihailo D. Trifunac 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010
The zero-stress boundary conditions at the surface of the half-space in the presence of surface and sub-surface cavities for in-plane, incident cylindrical P- and SV-waves have always posed challenging problems. The outgoing cylindrical P- and SV-waves can be represented by Hankel functions of radial distance coupled with the sine and cosine functions of angle. Together, at the half-space surface the P- and SV-wave functions are not orthogonal over the semi-infinite radial distance from 0 to infinity. Thus, to simultaneously satisfy the zero in-plane, normal, and shear stresses, an approximation of the geometry is often made. This paper presents an analytical formulation of the boundary-valued problem, where the Hankel wave functions are expressed in integral form, changing the representation from cylindrical to rectangular coordinates, so that the zero-stress boundary conditions at the half-space surface can be applied in a more straightforward way. 相似文献
9.
We propose a finite difference method, using a hexagonal grid, to compute displacements (stresses, velocities, accelerations) in the near-field of a 2-D in-plane stress-drop crack, in both whole space (constant stress-drop) and half-space (depth-dependent stress-drop). To exercise the method, the stress field distribution is evaluated for both fundamental 2-D shear cracks, anti-plane. In order to test the method's reliability, the results are compared with some analytical and numerical solutions available in the literature (Kostrov, 1964;Virieux andMadariaga, 1982). For the in-plane source, the results emphasize that the method can resolve the stress concentration due to the rupture front from the stress peak associated with the shear wave propagating in front of the crack. Synthetic motions are computed on the fault, but also in an infinite medium and at the free surface. The rather complex waveforms generated in the near-field, even by simple sources, emphasize the contribution of all wave terms (near, intermediate and far-field) to the motion. The presence of near-field and the numerical procedure explain the significant low frequency content of the computed seismograms. The set of treated problems proves the method is stable and accurate. 相似文献
10.
弹性层状半空间中沉积谷地对入射平面SH波的放大作用 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
对Wolf理论进行拓展,使之可解决沉积谷地对波的散射问题,进而利用间接边界元法,求解了弹性层状半空间中沉积谷地对入射平面SH波的放大作用问题。通过自由场反应分析,求得假想边界上各点的位移和各单元的应力反应。施加虚拟均布荷载,求得位移和应力的格林函数。根据应力和位移连续边界条件确定虚拟分布荷载,将自由场反应和虚拟分布荷载产生的反应叠加起来,即得到问题的解答。最后,以基岩上单一土层中沉积谷地对入射平面SH波的放大作用为例进行了数值计算分析,结果表明,层状半空间中沉积谷地和均匀半空间中沉积谷地对波的放大作用存在显著差别。文中分析了造成差别的原因,并讨论了覆盖层厚度和刚度对放大作用的影响。 相似文献
11.
Summary A two-dimensional theory of gravitational stresses in the Earth's crust with curved boundaries is presented. The crust is modelled by an elastic plate lying on an elastic half-space. The solution obtained in the case of periodically varying boundaries is shown to be very sensitive to the ratio of both elastic parameters. Moreover, the geometrical configuration of both boundaries and their phase shift are of great importance for the resulting stress pattern. 相似文献
12.
D. S. Chandrasekharaiah 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,109(1):1712-1717
Summary Transverse waves in an electrically conducting initially stressed elastic half-space with stress free boundary permeated by a magnetic field are investigated. The conditions for the existence of these waves is obtained and the velocity as well as the depth of penetration is calculated. In the absence of the initial stresses our results reduce to already known results. 相似文献
13.
青藏高原中南部地区有着丰富的地热资源,其中羊八井地区存在着温度高达93℃以上,热流值高达364mW/m2的地热奇观.本文利用国际以及中国地震台网资料,详细分析了青藏高原中南部地震活动性和岩石圈脆性破裂深度范围,进而讨论了高地热异常区的岩石圈应力场背景及其动力学机制.研究结果表明,青藏高原地热异常区有高于高原内部平均活动水平的震级为6级左右的中强地震活动,其震中分布呈现出与地热活动相似的、沿近南北向断陷带的带状特征;并且在高热流区域内有高原内部罕见的中深地震活动,地震震源从100km左右深处到地表呈现柱状地震群活动的空间分布等特征.震源机制与应力场研究结果表明,虽然高原中南部应力场主压、主张应力方向与青藏高原的整体特征相符,但是地震发生类型与青藏高原周缘的挤压逆断层型地震完全不同,均属于东西向扩张力作用下的正断层型地震活动,特别是在羊八井高热流区域附近,东西向扩张应力场在岩石圈应力场中起到主导性作用,推测其控制深度可达岩石圈底部100多公里处.青藏高原地热异常区在强烈的近东西向扩张应力场作用下,岩石圈东西向扩张并发生一系列的大规模正断层活动,致使深部软流圈高温热流可以沿着活动正断层及其形成的深裂隙上涌,穿过岩石圈到达地表面,形成了高地热异常区. 相似文献
14.
The dynamic soil-tunnel interaction is studied by the model of a rigid tunnel embedded in layered half-space,which is simplified as a single soil layer on elastic bedrock to the excitation of P- and SV-waves.The indirect boundary element method is used,combined with the Green's function of distributed loads acting on inclined lines.It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of soil-tunnel interaction in layered half-space are different much from that in homogeneous half-space,and that the mechanism of soil-tunnel interaction is also different much from that of soil-foundation-superstructure interaction.For oblique incidence,the tunnel response for in-plane incident SV-waves is completely different from that for incident SH-waves,while the tunnel response for vertically incident SV-wave is very similar to that of vertically incident SH-wave. 相似文献
15.
层状半空间中洞室对平面SH波的放大作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用间接边界元法,求解了弹性层状半空间中洞室对入射平面SH波的放大作用问题,并以基岩上单一土层中洞室对入射平面SH波的放大作用为例进行了数值计算分析。本文模型的特点之一是考虑了层状场地的动力特性,因而更接近于实际工程;特点之二是计算精度非常高。研究表明,层状半空间中洞室对波的放大作用与均匀半空间中情况有着本质的差别;层状半空间中洞室附近地表动力响应由土层动力特性和洞室对波的散射二者共同决定。土层动力特性不仅影响洞室附近地表位移的幅值,还会影响地表位移的频谱。在土层的前几阶共振频率附近,随着基岩与土层剪切波速比的增大,土层的影响随之增大,而随着土层厚度的增加,土层的影响随之减小,并逐渐趋于均匀半空间情况。 相似文献
16.
Jianwen Liang Hongbing You Vincent W. Lee 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(6-7):611-625
The scattering of SV waves by a canyon in a fluid-saturated, poroelastic layered half-space is modeled using the indirect boundary element method in the frequency domain. The free-field responses are calculated to determine the displacements and stresses at the surface of the canyon, and fictitious distributed loads are then applied at the surface of the canyon in the free field to calculate the Green's functions for displacements and stresses. The amplitudes of the fictitious distributed loads are determined from the boundary conditions, and the displacements arising from the waves in the free field and from the fictitious distributed loads are summed to obtain the solution. The effects of fluid saturation, boundary conditions, porosity, and soil layers on the surface displacement amplitudes and phase shifts are discussed, and some useful conclusions are obtained. It is shown that the surface displacement amplitudes due to saturation and boundary conditions, different porosities, or the presence of a soil layer can be very dissimilar, and large phase shifts can be observed. The resulting wavelengths for an undrained saturated poroelastic medium are slightly longer than those for a drained saturated poroelastic medium; and are longer for a drained saturated poroelastic medium than those for a dry poroelastic medium. As porosity increases, the wavelengths become longer; and a layered half-space produces longer wavelengths than a homogeneous half-space. 相似文献
17.
The two-dimensional response of a viscoelastic half-space containing a buried, unlined, infinitely long cylindrical cavity of circular cross-section subjected to harmonic plane SH, P, SV and Rayleigh waves is obtained by an indirect boundary integral method based on the two-dimensional Green's functions for a viscoelastic half-space. An extensive critical review of the existing numerical results obtained by other techniques is presented together with some new numerical results describing the motion on the ground surface and the motion and stresses on the wall of the cavity for P, SV, SH and Rayleigh waves. 相似文献
18.
Excavation induced seismic events with moment magnitudesM<0 are examined in an attempt to determine the role geology, excavation geometry, and stress have on scaling relations. Correlations are established based on accurate measurements of excavation geometry and methodology, stress regime, rock mass structure, local tectonics, and seismic locations. Scaling relations incorporated seismic moments and source radii obtained by spectral analysis, accounting for source, propagation, and site effects, and using Madariaga's dynamic circular fault model. Observations suggest that the interaction of stresses with pre-existing fractures, fracture complexity and depth of events are the main factors influencing source characteristics and scaling behaviour. Self-similar relationships were found for events at similar depths or for weakly structured rock masses with reduced clamping stresses, whereas a non-similar behaviour was found for events with increasing depth or for heavily fractured zones under stress confinement. Additionally, the scaling behaviour for combined data sets tended to mask the non-similar trends. Overall, depth and fracture complexity, initially thought as second order effects, appear to significantly influence source characteristics of seismic events withM<0 and consequently favour a non-similar earthquake generation process. 相似文献
19.
Mechanical analysis of en echelon structure and its significance of controlling earthquakes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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20.
用线弹性断裂力学对连续介质中三维裂纹(KⅢ≠0)破裂的拉应力断裂准则提出了补充性假说和相应的计算方法（第一主微分面定点法）。对于给定应力强度因子Ki（i=Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ）的裂纹问题,从理论上给出了初始破裂面完整形式的解析表示或数值计算结果。推导结果是,三维拉张破裂的初始破裂面是以破裂点为顶点的广角锥面,跨在原始裂纹面的前缘,它的外缘为螺旋线,锥面的每一条母线都与过该线的第一主微分面重合。大量的这样的初始破裂面叠错密接,互不相交。推算的结果与已有的三锥破裂实验结果基本符合。把补充后的拉应力判据和最大拉应力理论相比较,发现在应力分量只保留奇异项的情况下,这两种判据是等价的;但如果对应力分量作零阶项修正,则两种判据只在三维(KⅢ≠0)问题中等价,在二维(KⅢ=0)问题中不完全等价。 相似文献