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1.
本文对则木河断裂带上各种地震地表破裂现象作了调查和时代方面的研究,结果表明,1850年西昌地震在西昌北的李金堡至宁南的松新间形成了长达90km的地震形变带。地震位错的最大水平位移为7m,垂直位移一般为0.5～2m,对地震形变带中的各种变形遗迹和地震地表破裂特征的研究表明,则木河断裂是这次地震的发震构造,震中位于大箐梁子一带,震中烈度达Ⅹ～Ⅺ。地震破裂的力学性质为左旋扭张,与则木河断裂晚第四纪以来的活动一致。地震破裂具有向南突出发展的不对称特点 相似文献
2.
1500年宜良地震地表形变带的考证 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
据历史记载１５００年在宜良一带发生了一次强烈地震，由前人对该次地震无较详细的现 场实地考查资料，因此对这次地震认识说法不一。１９９２年作者对该次地震进行了实地考证。发现和确认了这次地震十分丰富的地震地表形变带，现存长度达８１公里，最大左旋水平位错量９至１１米。研究结果表明该次地震的发震构造为小新街－徐家渡断裂，震级接近８级。 相似文献
3.
综合20世纪90年代初在霍山山前断裂和近年在绵山西侧断裂和太谷断裂获取的最新调查资料，讨论了1303年山西洪洞8级地震地表破裂带的展布和位移特征. 如果太谷断裂、绵山西侧断裂与霍山山前断裂在1303年洪洞地震中同时活动，则该次地震的地表破裂带长163 km，分为3段，即霍山山前断裂段、绵山西侧断裂段和太谷断裂段. 各段长度分别为50，35和70 km，3段之间存在4和8 km的阶区. 该地震地表破裂带具右旋走滑特征，北段和中段右旋走滑位移量6～7 m，南段最大为10 m. 在山西断陷带盆地边界的单条断裂一般只对应7级地震，而该次8级特大地震则突破两个盆地之间的障碍体，显示了强震地表破裂尺度的可变特征. 相似文献
4.
阿尔泰构造带的活动断裂主要为NW—NNW向。按构造位置可分为阿尔泰西缘活动断裂带、阿尔泰中央活动断裂带和阿尔泰东缘活动断裂带。阿尔泰东缘活动构造带由科布多(Hovd)活动断裂带、哈尔乌苏湖(Har Us)活动断裂带2条大型右旋走滑活动断裂和中间的挤压盆地带构成。在2条走滑断裂带上,前人发现多处地震地表破裂带。通过对阿尔泰东缘构造带中南段地区的野外调查,在哈尔乌苏湖断裂带中段的Jargalant断裂、科布多断裂带南段的Tugen gol断裂上新发现地震地表破裂带。其中,沿Jargalant断裂地震地表破裂带长约50km,右旋位错量约4~5m,是一次规模大、活动较新的破裂事件。可见,在阿尔泰东缘活动断裂带的不同断裂段上均有保存较好的地震地表破裂,显示阿尔泰东缘是活动强烈的地震构造带 相似文献
5.
东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂地震地表破裂特征及其构造意义 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
东昆仑断裂带作为青藏高原中东部的巴颜喀拉地块北缘边界断裂带, 研究其强震破裂行为对于认识断裂带活动性及分析川西北地区未来地震危险性具有重要意义。 通过沿断裂发育的大量断错地貌勘查、 典型微地貌DGPS测量及样品年代测定, 认为东昆仑断裂带向东的强震活动性延伸至若尔盖盆地北侧, 即东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂的罗叉段。 此段在卫星影像上呈清晰的灰黑色、 灰黄色线性条带, 地震形变带主要表现为断层陡坎、 坡中谷、 冲沟和阶地位错、 植物异常呈线性分布、 跌水、 断层泉、 断塞塘以及伴随地表错动而出现的滑坡、 垮塌和倒石堆。 这些破裂现象沿先存断层断续分布, 组成长约50 km的“L”形地震形变带。 断裂活动造成冲沟和阶地左行运动, 位错量主要集中在5.5～6.0 m、 18～23 m、 68～75 m和200～220 m范围。 最近地震发生在(340±30)～(500±30)BP间, 宏观震中位于本多村西北5～7 km, 震级为MW7.3左右, 同震位移最大值为6 m, 水平位错量为5.5～6.0 m, 垂直位错量一般为0.2～0.5 m, 其比例为51～101。 对地震形变带中的各种变形遗迹和地震地表破裂特征的研究表明, 塔藏断裂是这次地震的发震构造。 确定了塔藏断裂为全新世活动断层, 近期断层在压剪切作用控制下以左行运动为主, 兼有少量逆冲分量, 同东昆仑断裂带其他段的活动性质相似, 认为东昆仑断裂带延伸至若尔盖盆地北侧, 研究结果支持“大陆逃逸”模型。 相似文献
6.
7.
2010年4月14日在青海省玉树县发生了MS7.1地震,形成了长达65km的地表破裂带,甘达村西D1、果庆益荣松多D2是地表破裂带上破裂特征具代表性的2个地点。这2个地点的同震地表破裂特征调查结果显示:1)破裂沿先存的断裂晚第四纪活动遗迹展布,在甘达村西主要表现为张剪切破裂呈雁列状展布,在不连续的岩桥区分布了挤压鼓包,地表破裂带主要集中在古地震坳槽中,通过测量一个错断的围墙得到该点的位错量为1.4m;2)在果庆益荣松多,山前坡积物中展布的破裂带由斜列距约30m的次级破裂右阶斜列组成,而次级破裂则由一系列斜列距3～5m的单条破裂右阶斜列组成,单条破裂主要表现为挤压鼓包-张裂缝相间排列与裂缝带等2种破裂样式,在河谷中则表现为挤压垄脊和陷落塘,实测栅栏位错量为1.3m;3)破裂整体为左旋走滑性质,未见明显垂直错动分量,破裂样式为典型的走滑破裂特征,地表破裂带沿先存断错地貌分布,反映晚第四纪活动的甘孜-玉树断裂是此次地震的发震断裂,该断裂大震活动具有原地重复发生的特点 相似文献
8.
2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8．1级地震后，沿安宁河——则木河—小江断裂形成了一个4级以上地震条带，同时也出现了很多前兆异常，在此将依据沿安宁河——则木河一小江断裂带分布的定点形变观测台站观测资料出现的中短期异常情况，提出一些判断上述地区未来可能发生强震活动的科学思路。 相似文献
9.
利用地震走时层析成像方法确定西昌地区断裂带深部几何形态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
断裂深部产状和空间几何关系是研究地壳运动变形、动力作用及其地表响应的基础,也是模拟发震断裂与强震关系的基础。为了研究川西南地区强震活动与安宁河、则木河和金河断裂的关系,对盐源-西昌-雷波高分辨地震折射剖面初至Pg波走时和断层面反射波走时进行模拟,获得了川滇活动地块东边界带安宁河、则木河和金河断裂的深部形态。结果表明:在上地壳内,安宁河断裂和则木河断裂东倾32°～35°,其速度结构为舌状低速带,二者规模较大,延伸到了基底。金河断裂东倾约30°,向下延伸至少5km。 相似文献
10.
2001年11月14日昆仑山口西发生81级地震.应用高分辨率卫星影像进行地震地表破裂带解译，10m分辨率SPOT卫星影像能够清楚地反映出地震地表破裂主破裂带的形迹, 1m分辨率IKONOS影像能反映出地震地表破裂的精细结构及运动特征.结果表明，昆仑山口西81级地震地表破裂带主要位于东昆仑断裂南麓冲洪积台地或冲洪积台地后缘的地貌陡变带和断层谷地里，是一条叠置在先存破裂带上的地震破裂带.在布喀达坂峰以东的地表破裂带长近350km，由3条次级破裂组成，走向100°.流经破裂带的一系列沟谷发生左旋同步扭曲，平均滑动速率为134～168mm/a，属AA级活动水平.最大左旋位错78m，地震破裂带最宽达1250m，宏观震中位于93°17′E，35°47′N，即玉西峰附近的地震地表破裂带上. 相似文献
11.
Introduction The 1303 Shanxi Hongtong M=8 earthquake is the earliest M=8 event determined in histori-cal records in China and the largest recorded in Shanxi fault-depression system in history. Some researchers have discussed the tectonic environment of this earthquake (DENG, et al, 1973; DENG, 1984; DENG, XU, 1994, 1995; Seismo-geological Brigade, State Seismological Bureau, Depart-ment of Geology and Geography, Peking University, 1979; LIU, XIAO, 1982; ZHANG, JIA, 1986; SU, … 相似文献
12.
对汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂石坎乡以北段的野外地质调查显示,这一段地表破裂仍然十分明显。地表破裂并未沿地质填图所标定的位置发育,而是在走向上稍有变化,但清楚的地貌显示它在此段并不是一条新生断裂。与前期工作相比,可观察到的地表破裂又往NE方向延长了约12km。该段破裂位于平武县石坎乡至青川县马公乡窝前村之间,走向为15°～45°,运动学性质主要为右旋走滑逆冲。地震地表破裂显示的同震垂直位移与石坎乡一带相近,为1～2m左右;右旋水平位移略有增加,为2.0～3.0m之间。地表调查的情况显示,地表破裂在北端可能消失在红光乡东河口一带。 相似文献
13.
TYPE AND DISPLACEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF LINGSHAN M6¾ EARTHQUAKE SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE IN 1936, GUANGXI 
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下载免费PDF全文 LI Xi-guang PAN Li-li LI Bing-su NIE Guan-jun WU Jiao-bing LU Jun-hong YAN Xiao-min 《地震地质》2017,39(5):904-916
On April 1, 1936, an M6¾ earthquake occurred on the Fangcheng-lingshan Fault. So far, the Lingshan M6¾ earthquake is the biggest one in South China. There are some reports about the Lingshan earthquake fissures, but its surface rupture hasn't been systemically studied. Based on the geological mapping and measurement of the right-lateral displacement and vertical offset, the surface rupture zone caused by the Lingshan M6¾ earthquake was found, which contains two secondary surface rupture zones in the east and west respectively, its strike varies from N55°E to N60°E with en echelon-like distribution along the north section of Lingshan Fault, and its total length is about 12.5km. The western surface rupture zone locates intermittently along Gaotang-Xiatang-Liumeng, about 9.4km in length, with a right-lateral displacement of 0.54~2.9m and a vertical offset of 0.23~1.02m; the other one appears between Jiaogenping and Hekou, about 3.1km in length, with a right-lateral displacement of 0.36~1.3m and a vertical offset of 0.15~0.57m. The maximum right-lateral displacement and vertical offset are 2.9m and 1.02m, appearing at the east of Xiatang reservoir. The types of surface rupture mainly contain earthquake fault, earthquake scarp, earthquake fissure, earthquake colluvial wedge, earthquake caused landslide and liquefaction of sand and so on. The earthquake fault develops at the east of Xiatang and Jiaogenping, earthquake scarp appears at Xiaoyilu and Xiatang, earthquake fissure locates at Xiatang, there are multiple earthquake landslides along the surface rupture zone, and the trench LSTC03 exposes the earthquake colluvial wedge. In order to further investigate the Lingshan earthquake surface rupture zones, the author compares the parameters of Lingshan M6¾ earthquake with the similar typical earthquakes in western China, the results show that the parameters of Lingshan earthquake are similar to the typical earthquakes in western China. The length of Lingshan earthquake surface rupture is shorter, but the dislocation is bigger. The author considers that this is mainly related with the parameters of Lingshan earthquake, site condition and structural environment of surface rupture zone, the symbols of dislocation measuring, human activity and weather condition and so on. The research of surface rupture zone features and analysis of Lingshan M6¾ earthquake provides important and basic data for exploring the seismogenic structure of Lingshan M6¾ earthquake, and it has important scientific significance. 相似文献
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断层错动是否会对工程造成影响是工程建设无法避开的问题,实验研究是解决这一问题的有效途径之一.常重力模型实验是指在自然环境1g条件下的模型实验,被普遍应用在模拟不同类型断层错动产生的地表变形破裂研究中,并获得了较为丰富的研究成果.文中系统地梳理了常重力模型实验在模拟断层上覆土体破裂研究方面的应用历史与现状,研究了不同因素... 相似文献
15.
汶川地震小鱼洞地区的地表破裂和同震位移及其机制讨论 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2008年5月12日在四川西部发生的汶川地震是一次以逆冲运动为主,兼有右旋走滑运动的斜滑型地震,形成了有史以来最长、最复杂的地表破裂之一.其中,很多复杂现象到目前为止还没有得到很好的解释或一致的认识,如小鱼洞地区出现的NW走向的小鱼洞断裂,在小鱼洞以北出现的2条相距llkm的平行断裂同时破裂的现象等.通过在小鱼洞地区的详细野外调查,获得了详细的地表破裂分布及同震位移分布,在此基础上对小鱼洞地区地表破裂的机制进行了分析.结果表明,造成上述复杂地表破裂的根本原因是汶川地震的主断层北川-映秀断裂的产状变化,即北川-映秀断裂在小鱼洞以北向NW偏移约3.5km.其破裂机制是:1)北川-映秀断裂的右旋走滑运动在小鱼洞西侧的左阶挤压阶区引起的挤压隆升形成前冲断层,即小鱼洞断裂;2)由于北川-映秀断裂在小鱼洞以北向NW偏移3.5km,导致其断层面倾角变大,逆冲运动引起的断层上盘对下盘的挤压方向变化,结合右旋走滑引起的上盘对下盘的侧向推挤,两者共同作用突破了彭灌断裂,从而形成了2条相距llkm的平行断裂同时错动的现象.另外,文中建议应该重视北川-映秀断裂右旋走滑运动分量、断层产状变化以及断层上、下盘的岩性差异对汶川地震地表破裂过程及地表破裂分布的影响. 相似文献
16.
2 Conclusion Fenghuangshan-Tianshui fault is a Holocene active fault. It laterally slips at the average rate of 1.1 mm/a during 6.4 ka
and vertically slips at the average rate of 0.37 mm/a and 0.16 mm/a since the time 16.6 ka and 6.4 ka before respectively.
Diaogoumeng-Dongjiawan segment has occurred an abrupt event in the period of 6.4 ka BP, which is assumed to be related to
the 734 Tianshui M=7 earthquake, but further work is still necessary.
Foundation item: Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (198023). 相似文献
17.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(10)
Earthquake surface rupture is the result of transformation from crustal elastic strain accumulation to permanent tectonic deformation. The surface rupture zone produced by the 2001 Kunlunshan earth- quake (Mw7.8) on the Kusaihu segment of the Kunlun fault extends over 426 km. It consists of three relatively independent surface rupture sections: the western strike-slip section, the middle transten- sional section and the eastern strike-slip section. Hence this implies that the Kunlunshan earthquake is composed of three earthquake rupturing events, i.e. the Mw=6.8, Mw=6.2 and Mw≤7.8 events, respec- tively. The Mw≤7.8 earthquake, along the eastern section, is the main shock of the Kunlunshan earth- quake, further decomposed into four rupturing subevents. Field measurements indicate that the width of a single surface break on different sections ranges from several meters to 15 m, with a maximum value of less than 30 m. The width of the surface rupture zone that consists of en echelon breaks de- pends on its geometric structures, especially the stepover width of the secondary surface rupture zones in en echelon, displaying a basic feature of deformation localization. Consistency between the Quaternary geologic slip rate, the GPS-monitored strain rate and the localization of the surface rup- tures of the 2001 Kunlunshan earthquake may indicate that the tectonic deformation between the Ba- yan Har block and Qilian-Qaidam block in the northern Tibetan Plateau is characterized by strike-slip faulting along the limited width of the Kunlun fault, while the blocks themselves on both sides of the Kunlun fault are characterized by block motion. The localization of earthquake surface rupture zone is of great significance to determine the width of the fault-surface-rupture hazard zone, along which direct destruction will be caused by co-seismic surface rupturing along a strike-slip fault, that should be considered before the major engineering project, residental buildings and life line construction. 相似文献
18.
Jing Liu-Zeng Wenqian Yao Xiaoli Liu Yanxiu Shao Wenxin Wang Longfei Han Yan Wang Xianyang Zeng Jinyang Li Zijun Wang Zhijun Liu Hongwei Tu 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(2):100140
The 22 May 2021 MW 7.4 Madoi, Qinghai, China earthquake presented a rare opportunity to apply the modern unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography method in extreme altitude and weather conditions to image surface ruptures and near-field effects of earthquake-related surface deformations in the remote Tibet. High-resolution aerial photographs were acquired in the days immediately following the mainshock. The complex surface rupture patterns associated with this event were covered comprehensively at 3–6 cm resolution. This effort represents the first time that an earthquake rupture in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has been fully and systematically captured by such high-resolution imagery, with an unprecedented level of detail, over its entire length. The dataset has proven valuable in documenting subtle and transient rupture features, such as the significant mole-tracks and opening fissures, which were ubiquitous coseismically but degraded during the subsequent summer storm season. Such high-quality imagery also helps to document with high fidelity the fractures of the surface rupture zone (supplements of this paper), the pattern related to how the faults ruptured to the ground surface, and the distribution of off-fault damage. In combination with other ground-based mapping efforts, the data will be analyzed in the following months to better understand the mechanics of earthquake rupture related to the fault zone rheology, rupture dynamics, and frictional properties along with the fault interface. 相似文献
19.
Earthquake surface rupture is the result of transformation from crustal elastic strain accumulation to permanent tectonic
deformation. The surface rupture zone produced by the 2001 Kunlunshan earthquake (M
w
7.8) on the Kusaihu segment of the Kunlun fault extends over 426 km. It consists of three relatively independent surface rupture
sections: the western strike-slip section, the middle transtensional section and the eastern strike-slip section. Hence this
implies that the Kunlunshan earthquake is composed of three earthquake rupturing events, i.e. the M
w
=6.8, M
w
=6.2 and M
w
⩽=7.8 events, respectively. The M
w
=7.8 earthquake, along the eastern section, is the main shock of the Kunlunshan earthquake, further decomposed into four rupturing
subevents. Field measurements indicate that the width of a single surface break on different sections ranges from several
meters to 15 m, with a maximum value of less than 30 m. The width of the surface rupture zone that consists of en echelon
breaks depends on its geometric structures, especially the stepover width of the secondary surface rupture zones in en echelon,
displaying a basic feature of deformation localization. Consistency between the Quaternary geologic slip rate, the GPS-monitored
strain rate and the localization of the surface ruptures of the 2001 Kunlunshan earthquake may indicate that the tectonic
deformation between the Bayan Har block and Qilian-Qaidam block in the northern Tibetan Plateau is characterized by strike-slip
faulting along the limited width of the Kunlun fault, while the blocks themselves on both sides of the Kunlun fault are characterized
by block motion. The localization of earthquake surface rupture zone is of great significance to determine the width of the
fault-surface-rupture hazard zone, along which direct destruction will be caused by co-seismic surface rupturing along a strike-slip
fault, that should be considered before the major engineering project, residental buildings and life line construction.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40474037) and the National Basic Research Program
of China (Grant No. 2004CB418401) 相似文献