共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
地球物理信号处理技术的研究及进展 总被引：4，自引：11，他引：4
从数字信号处理的原理、应用、发展过程及前景等方面对数字信号处理技术作了概述，重点总结了应用地球物理方法中和的信号处理方法和技术。对探地雷达技术中常用的数据处理技术作了详细阐述，并简要介绍了作者研制的信号处理软件。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
探地雷达GPR正演模拟的时域有限差分实现 总被引：1，自引：13，他引：1
近年来，随着数字处理技术和电子技术的飞速发展，探地雷达（GPR）的实际应用范围迅速扩大，现已覆盖考古、矿产资源勘探、水文地质调查、岩土勘查、无损检测、工程建筑物结构调查、军事等众多领域，解决了很多工程实际问题，成为浅层勘探的有力工具.而探地雷达的理论研究与实际的应用相比，具有明显的滞后性.但是解释人员要达到精确地对探地雷达实际资料的进行解析，必须事先了解地质体的雷达反射剖面的特征，所以作为反演与解释基础的复杂地电模型的探地雷达正演模拟技术，就成了探地雷达理论研究的主要内容之一.本文以麦克斯韦两个旋度方程为基本出发点，运用K.S.Yee的空间网格模型理论和时域有限差分法的基本原理，推导出二维空间的探地雷达正演方程组，并详细地分析了差分格式中半空间步长与半时间步长的实现方法，及其雷达波电场与磁场分量在计算机上相互关系的C程序实现.然后讨论了数值频散关系及其产生原因，通过同时考虑时域有限差分法及Yee氏网格的特点，推导出了符合探地雷达实际传播规律的理想频散关系，作者自制了探地雷达正演程序，并分别计算了Mur超吸收边界条件及无边界条件下的雷达地电模型，通过对比可知，超吸收边界条件可利用，大大地减少截断边界处的干扰波，达到用有限区域达到在无限空间传播的效果.最后作者利用自制程序，对“V”字形和同一斜面上的五个圆的两个典型的探地雷达地电模型进行了正演模拟，得到了正演剖面图，消除了边界反射后的雷达剖面能很好地指导工作人员对雷达实测剖面的地质解释，同时使正演研究更符合实际的地质情况. 相似文献
5.
地下管线探测是测绘和物探专业相结合的一项工作,对地下非金属管线探测目前最适用的方法是探地雷达法.为提高探地雷达探测地下管线的效率和探测准确性,使管线探测专业人士可以更好的掌握探地雷达探测地下管线技术,本文通过理论分析探地雷达探测地下管线的工作原理及在北京市近45000 km地下管线基础信息普查工作中大量实验,对不同管径、不同埋深、不同材质的管线进行雷达探测,对比分析各种管线雷达图像的特征.文章分析出管线管径的不同表现在雷达图上是抛物线水平距离跨度的不同,管径越大,水平距离跨度越大.管线埋深的不同则表现在雷达图抛物线拖尾部分水平距离不同,埋深越深则拖尾部分跨度更长.不同管径和埋深的管线在探测的时候需要采用不同中心频率的雷达天线进行探测.管线材质的不同则特征更明显,直接表现在有无多次波出现和多次波的强弱、是否屏蔽深层有效信号、同相轴相位表现形式及波形特征等各个方面.该研究成果可指导今后城市地下管线普查和管线竣工验收时的管线探测工作. 相似文献
6.
7.
地下管线实际形状与准确位置的确定是探地雷达图谱解释的主要内容之一.制约管线探地雷达反射归位精度最主要的因素是电磁波在地层中的传播速度,如何准确确定电磁波传播速度是探地雷达偏移处理能否成功的关键.为便于对探地雷达图谱特征进行定量解释,开展了不同大小、埋深与重叠等情况管线的正演模拟与模型实验.结合小波熵理论与频率波数偏移成像方法,提出了一种基于小波熵的探地雷达频率波数偏移成像方法,将其应用于地下管线正演模拟与模型实验探地雷达信号偏移处理.研究结果表明:探地雷达图像经基于小波熵的频率波数偏移处理后,电磁波速度的估计值与真实值误差可控制在2％以内;随着管线管径大小与埋置深度的增加,绕射双曲线的开口弧度不断增大,管与管之间绕射波交叉干扰越严重;探地雷达信号经基于小波熵的频率波数偏移处理后可大大提高图像的分辨率,压制了多次波的干扰,使绕射双曲线更收敛,能量更聚焦,从而有利于地下管线实际形状与具体位置的准确提取.研究结果对城市地下管线探地雷达图谱解译工作提供技术支持. 相似文献
8.
消除探地雷达数据的子波衰减和频散可以很好地提高探地雷达的勘探深度和勘探分辨率.常用的消除探地雷达数据的子波衰减和频散方法为反Q滤波方法.该方法需要利用地下介质的Q参数,但是正确求取地下介质的Q参数很困难.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种消除探地雷达数据的子波衰减和频散的反滤波方法.该方法以地下介质反射系数是随机数为前提,利用地下介质等效滤波器具有最小相位这个特性,通过求取等效滤波器的振幅谱来求取等效滤波器的反滤波器.最后,利用该反滤波器对探地雷达数据进行反滤波,实现消除探地雷达数据的子波衰减和频散. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
Yih Jeng Chun-Hung Lin Yi-Wei Li Chih-Sung Chen Hung-Ming Yu 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,73(3):251-260
Fourier-based algorithms originally developed for the processing of seismic data are applied routinely in the Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data processing, but these conventional methods of data processing may result in an abundance of spurious harmonics without any geological meaning. We propose a new approach in this study based essentially on multiresolution wavelet analysis (MRA) for GPR noise suppression. The 2D GPR section is similar to an image in all aspects if we consider each data point of the GPR section to be an image pixel in general. This technique is an image analysis with sub-image decomposition. We start from the basic image decomposition procedure using conventional MRA approach and establish the filter bank accordingly. With reasonable knowledge of data and noise and the basic assumption of the target, it is possible to determine the components with high S/N ratio and eliminate noisy components. The MRA procedure is performed further for the components containing both signal and noise. We treated the selected component as an original image and applied the MRA procedure again to that single component with a mother wavelet of higher resolution. This recursive procedure with finer input allows us to extract features or noise events from GPR data more effectively than conventional process.To assess the performance of the MRA filtering method, we first test this method on a simple synthetic model and then on experimental data acquired from a control site using 400 MHz GPR system. A comparison of results from our method and from conventional filtering techniques demonstrates the effectiveness of the sub-image MRA method, particularly in removing ringing noise and scattering events. Field study was carried out in a trenched fault zone where a faulting structure was present at shallow depths ready for understanding the feasibility of improving the data S/N ratio by applying the sub-image multiresolution analysis. In contrast to the conventional methods, the MRA sub-image filtering technique provides an overall improvement in image quality of the data as shown in the field study. 相似文献
12.
Methods that employ arrays of emitters are potentially useful in improving weak or ambiguous signals in ground penetrating radar (GPR) prospecting. As in the seismic case, the electromagnetic responses from the subsurface can be obtained by employing true composite sources or synthesized from single emitter responses that are acquired with variable offset, both possibilities leading to similar results. In this article, the synthetic emitter-array method is examined as a way of improving GPR signals. Modeling of transmitted wave-fronts is carried out to analyze how the targets can be illuminated so that the reflected signals are effectively reinforced. The method is applied to different targets. A methodology that simultaneously increases the signal to noise ratio and the lateral coherence of the events is examined in order to facilitate the interpretation of the GPR data. Finally, the synthetic emitter-array method is successfully applied in a case study to determine the width and depth of mud walls at the Palo Blanco archaeological site in Argentina. 相似文献
13.
To reduce noise during electrical prospecting, we hereby propose a new method using correlation identification technology and conventional electrical exploration devices. A correlation operation can be carried out with the transmitted pseudo-random sequence and received time signal to suppress the random noise, and the time-domain impulse response and frequency response of the frequency domain of the underground media can be obtained. At the same time, using a dual Cole–Cole model to fit a complex resistivity spectrum, which is close to the frequency response, we can get a variety of induced polarization parameters and electromagnetic parameters of subsurface, which can provide more useful information for the exploration of mineral resources. This time domain prospecting method can effectively improve the efficiency of the spectral induced polarization method. In this article, we have carried out theoretical calculations and a simulation to prove the feasibility of such a method. 相似文献
14.
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a powerful tool for detecting defects in and behind reinforced concrete (RC) structures. However, the traditional way of interpreting GPR data involves considerable manpower and is time-consuming. The aim of this study is to illustrate a new approach to recognize GPR images of RC structure voids automatically. Firstly, synthetic GPR images are created by FDTD method. As multiple waves caused by steel bars seriously interfere with the target echo signals, it is difficult to identify targets from the forward modeling images. According to the periodicity of multiple waves from steel bars, the predictive deconvolution method is used to suppress those waves and the outcome is preferable. Then, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is proposed to automatically recognize voids in GPR images. The automatic identification procedure includes four steps: 1) collecting training data, 2) extracting features from GPR images, 3) building the SVM model and 4) identifying the voids automatically. The results show that the proposed method provides a suitable tool to locate the cover depths and lateral ranges of the voids, and the trained SVM model gives a favorable outcome when noise (no more than 5%) is added to a synthetic GPR image. 相似文献
15.
地质雷达是利用电磁波对地下不同电性介质进行探测的地球物理仪器，其探测速率快、分辨率高，可弥补探槽和其他地球物理方法存在探测盲区的缺陷，正在越来越多地应用于活动断层探测领域。本文以乌拉山山前断裂为例开展地质雷达探测工作，使用无人机正射影像技术对测线进行地形校正，获得断层浅部地质雷达图像。研究结果表明，本文研究方法能有效反映探槽揭露的地层单元和断层分布。本次探测中，雷达波形图像特征为:浅地表的土壤层反射波总体较弱；粗粒沉积为主的砾石层反射波总体较强，同相轴连续性好；细粒沉积为主的砂层反射波弱于砾石层，波形以中、高频为主，同相轴具有弱连续性；对于洪冲积地区，地质雷达能分辨具有一定特征的地层单元，这为剖面图像的断层识别提供了标志；通过无人机正射影像技术对地质雷达测线进行地形校正，有利于获得更为准确的探测结果。 相似文献
16.
Chih-Sung ChenYih Jeng 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(1):113-123
An alternative data processing procedure is proposed in this paper for the purpose of enhancing the signal/noise (S/N) ratio of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. The processing methodology is achieved by performing the logarithmic transform in conjunction with the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), a new nonlinear data analysis method in signal processing. The synthetic model study and field example indicate that the logarithmic transform is effective in alleviating the attenuation problem. Additionally, the spectrogram obtained from Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) shows that the decomposition sensitivity of the EEMD method is greatly improved with the aid of the logarithmic transform. This new method allows us to extract the signal components from noisy GPR data efficiently. The success of this study suggests a possible nonlinear analysis application in future GPR investigation, particularly in the filter design and gain correction. 相似文献
17.
探地雷达在探测隐伏活动断层中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以东昆仑断裂带东部采用探地雷达探测隐伏活动断层为例。 在浅覆盖区, 利用合理的采集参数和数据处理流程; 雷达剖面图像能够清晰地显示出隐伏断层的形态特征和岩土分层; 结合沉积序列, 可以分析和评价断层的活动性。 实验证明, 探地雷达是一种有效探测浅覆盖区隐伏活动断层的方法。 相似文献
18.
浅层人工地震勘探是探查城市隐伏活动断层最有效的手段之一,然而受近地表探测盲区和探测分辨率的限制,该方法难以获取活动断层超浅层上断点的准确埋深位置。地质雷达探测方法在一定程度上可弥补浅层人工地震勘探的不足。为探索浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测的联合应用效果,分析其在城市隐伏活动断层探测中的应用潜力,选取河南省鹤壁市汤东断裂西支为研究对象,并在冯屯村和前交卸村分别开展联合探测,获取高信噪比的浅层人工地震反射剖面和地质雷达剖面。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的冯屯村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为60～70 m,地质雷达探测揭示的上断点埋深约为2.5 m,结合平均沉积速率推测汤东断裂西支在冯屯村的最新活动时代约为25 ka。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的前交卸村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为50～60 m,地质雷达探测揭示出汤东断裂西支在前交卸村处未造成近地表约10 m以内的地层断错。研究结果表明,在城市隐伏活动断层探测中,采用浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测相结合的方法,不但可有效确定活动断层的位置,且可进一步约束活动断层上断点的准确埋深,有利于指导后期地震地质勘探中的探槽和钻孔布设。 相似文献
19.
Near-source noise suppression of AMT by compressive sensing and mathematical morphology filtering 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Guang Li Xiao Xiao Jing-Tian Tang Jin Li Hui-Jie Zhu Cong Zhou Fa-Bao Yan 《应用地球物理》2017,14(4):581-589
In deep mineral exploration, the acquisition of audio magnetotelluric (AMT) data is severely affected by ambient noise near the observation sites; This near-field noise restricts investigation depths. Mathematical morphological filtering (MMF) proved effective in suppressing large-scale strong and variably shaped noise, typically low-frequency noise, but can not deal with pulse noise of AMT data. We combine compressive sensing and MMF. First, we use MMF to suppress the large-scale strong ambient noise; second, we use the improved orthogonal match pursuit (IOMP) algorithm to remove the residual pulse noise. To remove the noise and protect the useful AMT signal, a redundant dictionary that matches with spikes and is insensitive to the useful signal is designed. Synthetic and field data from the Luzong field suggest that the proposed method suppresses the near-source noise and preserves the signal well; thus, better results are obtained that improve the output of either MMF or IOMP. 相似文献
20.
Non-linear Technique for Abstracting the Non-metallic Pipeline Image from GPR Section 相似文献