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1.
文中基于2011年9月2日—2014年1月16日小江断裂带及邻区48个台站的远震三分量波形数据提取径向P波接收函数,采用两步反演法和Bootstrap重采样技术反演了各台站下方的S波速度结构,对小江断裂带及邻区的地壳深部结构进行了研究。结果表明:1)研究区地壳的S波速度在横向和垂向上都存在明显的非均匀特性,近地表处有2~4km厚的低速沉积层;中上地壳的S波速度呈高、低速相间分布;在20~35km的深度范围内存在明显的低速层,主要间断分布于小江断裂以西的川滇菱形块体和红河断裂以南的印支块体内部,另外在师宗-弥勒断裂附近也有局部分布。2)小江断裂带中、北段壳内低速层较为发育,以中段最为突出,最厚约达28km;南段在15~25km深度范围内存在明显的高速区。3)研究区的泊松比普遍较低(平均为0.24),呈不均匀分布,且横向变化剧烈,小江断裂带的泊松比总体呈北段较高、南段次之、中段低的分段特征;研究区壳内低速分布与泊松比间的对应关系不明显,大部分低速层似乎缺少发生部分熔融的条件,其地球物理结果的差异和不一致说明壳内低速层的变形演化机制及物理特性较为复杂。  相似文献   

2.
小江断裂带及邻区应力降特征分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在对S波观测记录位移谱进行传播路径、场地响应和仪器响应等校正的基础上,根据Brune圆盘震源模型,利用遗传算法估算了小江断裂带及邻区335次ML2.0~5.3地震的应力降,分析了应力降的时空特征.结果表明:△σ≥10.0Mpa的高应力降地震主要分布在小江断裂带的东川、巧家及其以北地区和元谋、武定一带.小江断裂带北段、中段、南段△σ≥10.0Mpa的地震所占比例分别为10.2%、10.9%和1.6%,据此结合地震活动性分析了该断裂带不同段的强震危险性.结合震源位置和速度结构联合反演方法得到的震源位置精确定位结果,分析了应力降和震源深度变化情况及其所反映的断层深部延伸和分布情况.  相似文献   

3.
以二维情形下观测速度场为各向同性场和各向异性场的叠加为前提, 提出了一种利用走时残差估算地震波速度各向异性的方法, 即剩余慢度矢量法. 利用小江断裂带北段巧家流动地震台阵24个台站记录的3181次地震事件的P波走时残差, 采用剩余慢度矢量法计算了各观测台站周围水平方向上尺度为0.5°×0.5°, 震源深度为0—5 km的剩余慢度矢量, 由此得到了P波快波和慢波方向. 计算结果表明, 大部分观测台站周围的P波速度方向性较为一致, 快波方向为ESE向, 慢波方向为NNE向. 快波方向与小江断裂带北段应力场P轴方向较为一致, 而慢波方向与应力场T轴方向一致, 表明应力的长期作用可能是导致P波速度各向异性的重要原因.   相似文献   

4.
利用小江断裂带及邻区10个数字地震台记录到的地震波形资料,采用Aki单次散射模型,计算了各台站半径60km范围内地震尾波Qc值,分别拟合得到10个台站的尾波Qc和η值,并用10个台站的平均结果得出了小江断裂带及邻区尾波Qc值与频率的关系。结果表明,小江断裂带及邻区总体上属低值Qc区;尾波Qc值空间差异较大,小江断裂带中段为低Qc值,明显低于北段和南段的Qc值。研究了尾波Qc值在时间上的变化与中强地震的关系。  相似文献   

5.
2005年会泽5.3级地震与小江断裂地震活动关系研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据小江断裂带历史强震资料、近期中小地震活动资料、地震波参数、会泽5.3级地震破裂方向及其序列参数显著异常等,研究了小江断裂带强震活动规律、中强地震丛集活动与断裂构造活动关系、会泽地震后小江断裂及周围地区应力场状态,结果得出:①会泽周围M≥5.0地震丛集活动达10次左右后,小江断裂及周围地区将发生M≥6.7地震;②会泽地震发生后,其附近3级以上中小地震活动空间展布方向与小江断裂北东向深部隐伏次级断裂的方向一致;③会泽地震发生后,其附近中小地震波参数规一化环境剪应力‰值与本次地震序列参数b值异常显著;④会泽地震余震震源较深,90%可测定深度的余震震源深度在16~30km范围内,比震前震源区周围的地震深。  相似文献   

6.
2014年8月3日,云南省昭通-鲁甸地区发生MS6.5级地震,造成了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失.鲁甸震区位于扬子块体的西缘,小江断裂带的东侧北东向的昭通-莲峰断裂带内.由于至今没有穿越该断裂带的人工源深地震测深剖面,而丽江-攀枝花-清镇650 km长深地震测深剖面距离鲁甸主震区不超过50 km,利用宽角地震资料的初至波震相,通过有限差分反演揭示该地区上地壳速度结构,可以为鲁甸震区的地震定位、地震孕育机制等提供深部速度模型.速度剖面显示:剖面结晶基底厚度平均为2 km左右;小江断裂带速度较低,东西两侧的速度较高;因此小江断裂带区域地壳强度比较低,加上断裂两侧的应变速率很高,所以小江断裂带和旁边的鲁甸-昭通断裂带,未来具有发生较大地震的可能,值得关注.  相似文献   

7.
本文利用在龙门山断裂带周边布设的57个台站自2008年11月至2009年11月为期一年的垂直分量连续地震环境噪声数据,通过短周期地震环境噪声成像方法,获得了龙门山断裂带中北段地壳25km深度范围的S波精细速度结构.结果表明:(1)龙门山断裂带周边区域10km以上的速度结构与地表断裂的分布形态具有良好的一致性,速度结构控制了龙门山主要断层的深部延展特征;在15km及以下深度,S波速度结构呈现沿龙门山和沿岷山隆起走向的交叉构造格局,由此造成的速度结构差异可能影响了汶川地震的破裂过程;(2)速度结构随深度的分布特征为龙门山断裂带主要断层的深部延伸形态给出了良好的约束,结果进一步确认了龙门山断裂中段的高角度铲型断裂构造特征;(3)研究区的南端发现了龙门山断裂下方20km以下深度具有与松潘地块中地壳低速层相关的低速结构的迹象,这可能是汶川地震破裂带南段22km左右深度存在脆韧转换带的一个证据.研究结果显示出密集台阵和短周期环境噪声成像方法在地壳浅部精细结构和断层探测研究中具有巨大潜力.  相似文献   

8.
利用1999—2007期和2009—2013期中国大陆GPS速度场数据,采用DEFNODE负位错反演程序估算了川滇菱形块体东边界——鲜水河—安宁河—则木河—小江断裂带在汶川地震前后的断层闭锁程度和滑动亏损空间分布动态变化特征,讨论了汶川地震对该断裂系统的影响范围和程度,并结合b值空间分布和地震破裂时-空结果分析了断裂系统的强震危险段.结果表明,汶川地震前鲜水河断裂最南端为完全闭锁(闭锁深度25km),中南段地表以下10~15km深度为强闭锁状态,中北段基本处于蠕滑状态;安宁河断裂最南端闭锁很弱,其余位置闭锁深度为10~15km;则木河断裂除最南端闭锁较弱以外,其余位置基本为完全闭锁;小江断裂在巧家以南、东川以南、宜良附近、华宁以北等四处位置闭锁较弱,其余位置为强闭锁.10年尺度的GPS速度场反演所得断层闭锁程度所指示的强震危险段,主要为鲜水河断裂道孚—八美段、安宁河断裂中段、则木河断裂中北段、小江断裂北段东川附近、小江断裂南段华宁—建水段,该结果与地质尺度的断层地震空区和30年尺度的b值空间分布所指示的危险段落具有一致性.汶川地震后断裂带远、近场速度分布和块体运动状态发生变化,这种区域地壳运动调整使得负位错模型反演得到的断裂带闭锁情况发生一定变化.汶川地震前后川滇菱形块体东边界平行断层滑动亏损速率均为左旋走滑亏损,且在安宁河断裂北端、则木河断裂中北段滑动亏损速率最大;除鲜水河断裂中南段与最南端和小江断裂东川附近以外,其余断裂震后滑动亏损速率均有所增加.垂直断层滑动亏损速率既有拉张亏损也有挤压亏损,且鲜水河断裂最南端由震前挤压转变为震后拉张,其余断裂除了安宁河断裂和小江断裂中段与最北端存在挤压滑动亏损速率外均为拉张速率.  相似文献   

9.
云南地区地震精确定位及其构造意义分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
徐彦  杨晶琼  苏有锦  刘杰 《地震研究》2005,28(4):340-344
运用双差定位法,对云南区域数字地震遥测台网记录的1999—2003年云南地区ML≥1.0地震进行重新定位,得到3000多个地震的精确定位结果。重定位结果显示,在东经100。和103。线附近存在两个震源深度较深的区域,最深达50km,刚好对应金沙江一红河断裂带的北段和小江断裂带。这一结果一方面揭示出这两条深大断裂与地震活动之间存在密切关系,另一方面也表明重定位结果在震源深度和空间分布上都较以前有明显改善。同时,姚安、大姚地震序列的重定位结果也说明双差定位法是一种比较好的地震定位方法。  相似文献   

10.
本文使用沿川滇块体东边界主要断裂带(安宁河、则木河、小江断裂带)布设的37个临时台站和四川区域台网14个固定台站记录的远震波形资料,用时间域迭代反褶积方法提取接收函数,采用接收函数H-κ反演方法得到了30个台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比。研究结果表明,川滇块体东边界的地壳厚度表现为自西向东由60km左右向华南块体(35km左右)逐渐减薄的过渡带特征:以安宁河—大凉山断裂带为界,以西地壳厚度平均在54km左右,以东作为华南块体与川滇块体的交界前缘,地壳厚度在42~48km之间。以小江断裂带与则木河断裂带交汇处为界,其南北两侧的地壳岩性和组分差异明显。小江断裂带北段泊松比值在0.20~0.27之间,表明其地壳物质组分主要为中基性岩石。而以北的安宁河、则木河及马边—盐津断裂带的泊松比值大多位于0.27~0.32之间。安宁河—则木河断裂带附近多数台站的泊松比值0.30,可能是部分熔融造成的。  相似文献   

11.
The contribution discusses the problems with modelling design floods for water structures. The statistical extrapolations of observed flood series of, for example, 80 years “only” to the annual exceedance probability AEP = 0.01 is difficult due to the large variability in extreme values. For large dams, however, the AEP = 0.001 or 0.0001 is required. Most of the uncertainties in hydrological modelling are epistemic (uncertainties in model structure, model parameters, inputs, calibration data, and in measurements) and moreover some measurements can be disinformative. With powerful computers, it is now possible to produce very long series (100 to100,000 years in hourly time step) using precipitation and temperatures computed with a weather model. Within the framework of the Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) many (thousands) of such continuous simulations are produced and compared to the observed historical data. According to Keith Beven's Manifesto for the equifinality thesis the differences between modelled and observed values should not be larger than some limits of acceptability based on what is known about errors in the input and output observations used for model evaluation (e.g., for flow the current metering data are used). The unacceptable realisations are rejected. We have been working with the frequency version of TOPMODEL in various versions according to the unique characteristics of each catchment. Design hydrographs for water structures are then extracted from the acceptable realisations. The continuous simulation with uncertainty estimation seems nowadays the most promising method of computing design hydrographs for important water structures, even if issues associated with epistemic uncertainty of model assumptions remain.  相似文献   

12.
13.
震源性质的时频分析与事件识别   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
应用时频分析技术研究了近年来发生在朝鲜半岛的核爆炸、化学爆炸与天然地震事件的识别问题,计算了上述三者的瞬时频率、瞬时振幅谱与群延迟等多项参数,提出地震与爆炸的识别指标.初步研究结果表明,对较大事件,上述三者来自震源的激发频率信息有明显差异性,核爆炸源激发的频率明显高于地震,化学爆炸最低.特别是,这些信息指标对于识别小当...  相似文献   

14.
This paper studies tuned mass dampers (TMDs) resulting in high modal damping for mechanical systems incorporating such devices for the purpose of seismic response reduction. Focusing on the determination of damping and tuning, the proposed methodology identifies a point of multiplicity of complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors, resulting in different parameters for TMDs according to their location with respect to such multiplicity condition. It is shown that significant equal modal damping and average modal damping can be induced by properly tuning highly damped TMDs, obtaining parameters intrinsic to the mechanical systems, and excitation independent. Further, it is shown that the methodology yields, as particular cases, two proposals by others using TMDs for the same purpose of seismic response abatement. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
The role of bioassay in the pollution control system for water bodies is considered. Studies of the mechanisms of toxic impact of various chemical compounds on aquatic organisms were used to develop a bioindication method to give an integral estimate of water toxicity and determine some classes of chemical pollutants. The results of application of such methods to assessing water quality in Lake Ladoga are given.  相似文献   

16.
A method for estimating specimen tangent stiffness for hybrid simulation   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Researchers have long recognized the importance and potential benefits of utilizing the tangent stiffness matrix of a test specimen in hybrid simulations employing implicit and mixed‐integration schemes. However, the computation of the tangent stiffness matrix during testing has proved to be challenging, particularly for test specimens with more than one degree of freedom (dof). This paper presents a new methodology that is more straightforward and simpler than existing techniques for computing the tangent stiffness matrix of a multi‐dof test specimen. The proposed method is combined with the operator‐splitting method (OSM), and the capabilities, advantages and limitations of the new formulation are demonstrated through several examples. The accuracy, stability, and error propagation characteristics of the modified OSM are also studied theoretically as well as numerically. The research results show that the proposed algorithm provides results that are better than those produced via the regular OSM alone, especially for damped structures undergoing highly inelastic behavior during testing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

17.
阐述近期大连理工大学抗震研究所在大坝抗震分析方面所取得的研究成果,为了提高大坝结构静动力分析的计算精度与效率,提出多边形单元的计算技术与奇异应力场计算方法,该方法使应力计算成果较有限元法有很大的改进,且计算工作量比较节省。  相似文献   

18.
冯新  刘彦辉  周晶 《地震学刊》2009,(6):652-657
建立了一种Timoshenko裂纹梁的分析模型并且获得了闭合形式的挠度解析解。首先,在一致梁的理论框架下,通过引入δ函数模拟裂纹导致的局部柔度,建立用广义函数表示的Timoshenko裂纹梁的微分控制方程,进而得到挠度的闭合形式的解答;其次,根据线弹性断裂力学理论,利用转角及挠度突变与局部柔度系数的关系,建立Timoshenko裂纹梁的模型参数与裂纹深度的显式表示;最后,通过对裂纹深度与挠度、转角和曲率间关系的分析,总结了结构响应的损伤敏感性及其特征,并且通过与引入裂纹奇异单元的有限元结果进行比较,验证了本文所建分析模型及求解方法的正确性。研究结果表明,本文所建立的Timoshenko裂纹梁的分析模型,具有较高的计算精度和效率,在结构模型修正和损伤识别中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

19.
The estuarine ecosystems are considered as key objects in the Arctic monitoring. Crustacean Saduria entomon, bivalve Portlandia aestuariorum and Cyrtodaria curriana, whitefish Coregonus muksun, C. autumnalis and C. sardinella sardinella and sculpin Triglopsis polaris (= Myoxocephalus quadricornis) are proposed for monitoring of Arctic estuaries. Review of AMAP list of species was carried out. Some species, as included in the World and National ‘Red Books’ and thus being under legislation (polar bear, atlantic and Laptev sea subspecies of walrus, falcon Falco rusticolus) must be left out of the list of species-monitors. The same is applied as in the case of species which often feed on human waste (glaucous gull, fulmar). Instead of using the rare and valuable carnivorous species, appropriately their prey is used as monitors.  相似文献   

20.
A framework for a seismic risk model for Greater Cairo   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Following the adverse effects caused by the moderate Ms 5.4 event of October 1992, the need to model the risk from earthquakes occurring in or near Cairo was shown to be an essential tool to offset this threat in the future. To provide the necessary elements for a risk model, this paper describes a methodology for developing a ground-shaking model as well as an inventory database for the city. In the first part, a scheme is followed to integrate data on geological structures, seismic sources, seismicity and surface soil conditions to build-up an event-based hazard model. In the second part, a brief review of the history of seismic provisions in Egyptian codes is presented, and a detailed assessment of local maps and information is supplemented by results from street surveys to obtain building stock data and geographical resolutions. On the basis of these studies, the city is divided into a number of census-tracts, or geo-codes, of classified building and soil characteristics, representing a fundamental step towards the development of a full loss model.  相似文献   

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