共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Based on the earthquake activity characteristics of the diamond block in the Sichuan-Yunnan region and by using the method of the meso-scope damage dynamics and damage evolution,we studied the damage evolution process for moderately strong earthquakes along two seismicbelts.The original combination patterns of all the units which illuminate the changes from stable state to destroyed state are given.All these patterns can direct the earthquake prediction practice in this region 相似文献
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-- Large earthquakes can be viewed as catastrophic ruptures in the earth's crust. There are two common features prior to the catastrophe transition in heterogeneous media. One is damage localization and the other is critical sensitivity; both of which are related to a cascade of damage coalescence. In this paper, in an attempt to reveal the physics underlying the catastrophe transition, analytic analysis based on mean-field approximation of a heterogeneous medium as well as numerical simulations using a network model are presented. Both the emergence of damage localization and the sensitivity of energy release are examined to explore the inherent statistical precursors prior to the eventual catastrophic rupture. Emergence of damage localization, as predicted by the mean-field analysis, is consistent with observations of the evolution of damage patterns. It is confirmed that precursors can be extracted from the time-series of energy release according to its sensitivity to increasing crustal stress. As a major result, present research indicates that the catastrophe transition and the critical point hypothesis (CPH) of earthquakes are interrelated. The results suggest there may be two cross-checking precursors of large earthquakes: damage localization and critical sensitivity. 相似文献
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The crustal fluid evolution and the causes of earthquakes(Ⅲ) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
徐常芳 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,(2)
Ｔｈｅｃｒｕｓｔａｌｆｌｕｉｄｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ（Ⅲ）ＣＨＡＮＧ－ＦＡＮＧＸＵ（徐常芳）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００... 相似文献
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Chang-Fang Xu 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(2):173-180
This paper is the third one of a series of three papers on the fluid evolution of the crust-upper mantle and the causes of
earthquakes. Based on the last two papers, a model of the crustal resistivity structure and the deep-seated fluid evolution
is presented, and also a seismogeny theory is set up, which is called the potential-kinetic energy transformation model. In
this model, the crustal deep-seated fluid evolution is considered to take the most important effect on the seismogenic process.
Taking the Tangshan M7.8 earthquake of 1976 as an example, the earthquakes occurred in a pull-apart rifting basin are analyzed, and finally the
crust outgassing in the seismogenic processes is discussed, referring to the here-presented theory of seismogeny.
This paper is supported by the Eight Five-Year Target of the State Seismological Bureau, China. 相似文献
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唐山地震的孕育与强震的增震作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
唐山地震的孕震构造是唐山菱形块体,在NEE向的区域应力场的作用下,最大剪应力集中在它的对角线上,正好与唐山断裂带相一致,因此成了唐山地震大破裂的始发点.唐山地震前兆演化过程中,有两个显著特点:在空间上有“震中→外围→震中+外围”的转移过程;在时间上有明显的阶段性,前兆异常频次的每一次加速都发生在外围强震发生之后,本文用强震的增、减震理论,推测外围强震的发生对唐山地震的孕育有强化作用,在一个大的区域,强地震的增、减震效应可以形成多个高应力集中区,这些高应力集中区多数都是未来发生强震的地区. 相似文献
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-- Rupture in the heterogeneous crust appears to be a catastrophe transition. Catastrophic rupture sensitively depends on the details of heterogeneity and stress transfer on multiple scales. These are difficult to identify and deal with. As a result, the threshold of earthquake-like rupture presents uncertainty. This may be the root of the difficulty of earthquake prediction. Based on a coupled pattern mapping model, we represent critical sensitivity and trans-scale fluctuations associated with catastrophic rupture. Critical sensitivity means that a system may become significantly sensitive near catastrophe transition. Trans-scale fluctuations mean that the level of stress fluctuations increases strongly and the spatial scale of stress and damage fluctuations evolves from the mesoscopic heterogeneity scale to the macroscopic scale as the catastrophe regime is approached. The underlying mechanism behind critical sensitivity and trans-scale fluctuations is the coupling effect between heterogeneity and dynamical nonlinearity. Such features may provide clues for prediction of catastrophic rupture, like material failure and great earthquakes. Critical sensitivity may be the physical mechanism underlying a promising earthquake forecasting method, the load-unload response ratio (LURR). 相似文献
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结构地震倒塌判别准则是工程结构强震分析的关键问题。在层损伤模型的基础上,建立了基于推覆分析的建筑结构整体损伤模型,并以国内某2层2跨平面钢框架结构拟静力试验为背景,应用有限元程序ABAQUS对平面钢框架进行了强震倒塌数值模拟。分析了钢框架结构的倒塌破坏过程,基于建议地震倒塌判别准则研究了钢框架结构的损伤演化规律。结果表明:钢框架结构在强震作用下的损伤发展顺序与塑性发展顺序一致;基于推覆分析的结构整体损伤模型能较好的体现强震作用下钢框架结构的损伤演化规律,且在上下界处收敛;强震作用下,钢框架结构的初始损伤主要由结构的残余侧移引起,而后期损伤主要由结构的承载力和刚度退化引起。 相似文献
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Nucleation of earthquakes and its implication to precursors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
IntroductionIn the middle of 1990s, the argument about nucleation phase occurred. Ellsworth and Beroza(1 995) studied the wave records of 30 earthquake events, which initiated slowly. Ellsworth, et al calledthem as nucleation phase. They discussed the relationship between their moment, duration time andthe relationship with the main shock behind. Scherbaum (1997a, b) proposed his different view andsuggested that some of the recording of the long period initial of seismic wave was misinterpret… 相似文献
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山东胜利油田角07井注水地震序列的演化及其机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1985年12月至1986年1月发生的山东省胜利油田角07井注水地震序列,经历了特有的演化过程,即全序列可分解为4个子序列,且子序列逐渐由震群型向主余型过渡.前期地震(最大地震之前)呈升级趋势,地震b值前期高于后期,地震时间结构的分数维D则前期低于后期,以及较大地震的lg△t-lgt前期较为紊乱,而后期线性相关等.计算表明,注水后岩石孔隙压力大于临界孔隙压力,从而诱发了地壳浅部岩石低初始应力的提前释放,而水的渗透作用则导致岩石孔隙压力随时间由高度非均匀分布向相对均匀分布转换.角07井地震序列的演化与这一物理过程有关. 相似文献
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DISCUSSING THE INFLUENCE OF MAJOR EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE IN THE LONGMENSHAN AREA ON THE LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE FROM STRESS EVOLUTION 
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下载免费PDF全文 Calculating the coseismic static Coulomb stress change induced by an earthquake and interseismic stress change permits to explain the distribution of aftershocks, the earthquake sequence and other seismic observations. Four earthquakes greater than M7 have occurred in the Longmenshan area before the 2013 Lushan earthquake since 1900. This paper analyzes the influence of these four events on the Lushan earthquake, the stress evolution after the Lushan earthquake accompany with strong earthquake sequence on Longmenshan Fault, and the stress state of the gap between the Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes. To address these issues would help future seismic risk assessment in the region. We construct a three dimensional finite element model based on the geological structure, the deep inversion results of density and velocity, and the GPS and the stress observation data. The simulation results show that the annual variation rate of Coulomb stress is higher on the Xianshuihe fault and southern segment of the Longmenshan fault, which is consistant with the regional seismicity. The coseismic Coulomb stresses induced by Kangding, Songpan, and Wenchuan earthquakes at the Lushan earthquake epicenter is greater than 0, implying that the three earthquakes may promote the occurrence of the Lushan earthquake, especially the Wenchuan earthquake. The viscous relaxation is remarkable which cannot be ignored in the analysis of stress evolution. From the stress evolution of this area, we can find that the gap between the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes is still at a relatively high stress level after the Lushan earthquake. 相似文献
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Large earthquakes are often made up of several subevents. Thus the cumulative damage is higher than for single event earthquakes. Many procedures have been developed to simulate earthquake ground motion occurring from a single energy release; however, procedures to model accelerograms with several periods of strong shaking and to relate the modelling parameters to physical variables have not been developed.In this research, a database of strong motion accelerograms from multiple event earthquakes (including the 1978 Miyagiken-Oki earthquake) the 1968 Tokachi-Oki earthquake, the 1983 Nihonkai-Chubu earthquake, and the 1985 Michoacan earthquake) was modelled by an ARMA process, after first processing the records with multivariate variance and frequency stabilizing transformations. The modelling parameters were related to the time, magnitude and location of each subevent and to the site conditions using a regression analysis. 相似文献
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华北成组强震孕育过程及预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用华北丰富的历史地震资料, 通过研究地震与块体活动的联系, 揭示了地震高潮期的形成过程。 认为地震高潮期成组强震的孕育与区域块体的运动方式相联系。 一个地震活动期可分为二个阶段, 在前期块体边界的运动是很不平衡的, 各组地震主要是由于各局部范围若干闭锁段破裂和破裂间相互作用的结果, 当沿块体边界的破裂发展到一定程度时, 这些边界所围的地块就会进入以整体运动为主的阶段, 这时块体边界的运动具有一定程度的同步性, 加之闭锁段破裂后不再重新闭锁, 从而导致块体边界闭锁段由弱到强渐进式的破裂过程, 直至一组强闭锁段完成破裂, 形成地震活动高潮。 这是成组强震形成的根本原因, 另外强震间的诱发作用也是强震成组发生的重要原因。 最后概述了如何利用以上模式预测地震高潮期的时间、 强度和主体活动场所。 相似文献
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Fulu Men 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2002,1(2):281-291
In this paper, mantle circulation flow, continental drift, earthquake origin and other mechanical principles are examined
as they apply to earthquake engineering, seismology and dynamics of fluid saturated porous medium. The relationship of mantle
flow to earthquakes is examined and clarified, and a new model, different from Haskell’s, is proposed for the earthquake mechanism.
The proposed new model is based on the discovery that two pairs of jump stress and jump velocity will start to act from the
fault plane. Records obtained directly from recent earthquakes nearby and right on the fault break show a very large velocity
impulse, which verify, indirectly, the new mechanism proposed by the author. Further, at least two physical parameters that
characterize the seismic intensity must be specified, because according to the discontinuous (jump) wave theory, at the earthquake
source, the stress jump and the velocity jump of particle motion should act simultaneously when a sudden break occurs. The
third key parameter is shown to be the break (fracture) propagation speed together with the break plane area. This parameter
influences the form of the unloading time function at the source. The maximum seismic stress in and displacement of a building
are estimated for two unfavorable combinations of the building and its base ground in terms of their relative rigidity. Finally,
it is shown that Biot’s theory of wave propagation in fluid saturated porous media is valid only when fluid flow cannot occur. 相似文献
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Feng Rong Haiying Wang Mengfen Xia Fujiu Ke Yilong Bai 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(9):1847-1865
In heterogeneous brittle media, the evolution of damage is strongly influenced by the multiscale coupling effect. To better
understand this effect, we perform a detailed investigation of the damage evolution, with particular attention focused on
the catastrophe transition. We use an adaptive multiscale finite-element model (MFEM) to simulate the damage evolution and
the catastrophic failure of heterogeneous brittle media. Both plane stress and plane strain cases are investigated for a heterogeneous
medium whose initial shear strength follows the Weibull distribution. Damage is induced through the application of the Coulomb
failure criterion to each element, and the element mesh is refined where the failure criterion is met. We found that as damage
accumulates, there is a stronger and stronger nonlinear increase in stress and the stress redistribution distance. The coupling
of the dynamic stress redistribution and the heterogeneity at different scales result in an inverse cascade of damage cluster
size, which represents rapid coalescence of damage at the catastrophe transition. 相似文献
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In
this paper, a tracing prediction method of risk sites of strong earthquakes by using the
accumulation risk dimension has been improved and the evolution of the accumulation risk
dimension in the Capital Circle and its neighboring areas since 1989 has been analyzed.
The evolution process of the accumulation risk dimension reflects the course of earthquake
preparation and tectonic stress activity. The value of the accumulation risk dimension
increased before the two earthquakes whose magnitudes are greater than 6 and decreased
after the earthquakes. The high value area of the accumulation risk dimension is the
potential earthquake occurrence site. 相似文献
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累积危险度的动态演化及其与强震的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
完善了累积危险度的强震危险地点跟踪预测方法,并对１９８９看以来首都圈及邻近地区累积危险度的演化进行了分析。结果表明,累积危险度的演化过程,反映了地震孕育及构造应力活动的过程;２次６级地震前,均出现累积危险度数值增大,震后扩散－消退;累积危险度高值区及其边缘地国可能发震地点。 相似文献
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基于耗散结构理论详细研究了地震活动的主要特征。研究结果表明，地震活动呈现双稳态及尖拐突变现象，主要表现是：发生在应力临界值区间[-pc,pc]内的滞后现象和发生在临界值pc和-pc处的突变现象，前对应系统变能积累过程，后（即强震过程）地该系统能量的主要耗散机制。 相似文献