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震后快速得到地震矩张量, 可以更好地为烈度速报、 应急救援和震后趋势判定等服务。 本文基于中国区域地震台网现状, 对Dreger的矩张量反演方法进行改进。 结合区域地震速报系统, 将系统触发、 地震相关信息与地震波形记录获取、 矩张量反演计算和最佳解挑选等过程实现自动化, 建立了地震矩张量快速自动反演系统。 将该系统在线运行于福建地震台网, 实现了对闽台地区中等强度地震的矩张量在线快速自动反演。 将反演结果与其他研究机构的结果对比, 验证了本文方法的可靠性。 相似文献
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本文在对称地震矩张量反演的基础上,进一步研究了非对称地震矩张量时间域反演的理论与方法,结果表明:非对称地震矩张量反演与对称地震矩张量反演类似,只需将对称地震矩张量反演方法略加改动,即增加3个待解参数,便可实现非对称地震矩张量反演.为了判断非对称地震矩张量反演相对于对称地震矩张量反演是否存在过度拟合,运用了AIC准则 (赤池信息准则).为了定量地描述地震矩张量之间的差异,引入了地震矩张量的矢量表示法.通过分析格林函数与地震矩张量各分量之间的关系,得出:在非对称地震矩张量反演时,若仅用垂直向地动位移数据,将无法区分Mxy与Myx这两个分量, 需要同时运用垂直向与水平向地动位移数据进行联合反演才能区分Mxy与Myx; 若采用不同的速度结构模型或不同的格林函数计算方法,则需重新评估地震矩张量各分量的分辨度问题.为检验非对称地震矩张量反演方法的可行性, 利用合成地震图进行了一系列数值试验.数值试验结果表明,在非对称地震矩张量反演中,有必要引入S波进行P波与S波联合反演以提高反演的准确性和判定断层面的能力. 相似文献
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2013年吉林前郭MS5.8震群为爆发性震群,目前余震活动仍然在持续.基于吉林、辽宁、黑龙江、内蒙古四省地震台网记录的前郭震群波形资料,利用波形信噪比、震源类型、台站及速度模型组合的指标选择最佳的反演方案,应用矩张量的三种反演模式,对序列中5个MS≥5.0地震进行矩张量反演研究,获得了全矩张量、偏矩张量和纯双力偶的矩张量.使用F-test对地震的三种模式的矩张量反演结果进行显著性检验来确定最佳反演模式.结果显示,5个地震的最优矩张量解均为全矩张量模式反演获得的结果,其双力偶分量仅有20%~65%,矩心深度位于地下3~4 km处,地震在Hudson震源类型图上的投影远离双力偶震源类型区域.这些结果表明,震源类型并非典型的构造地震,推断前郭地震可能是与人类活动有关的诱发地震. 相似文献
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利用江苏区域数字地震台网宽频带地震计记录的Pnl波波形资料,采用TDMT_INV时间域地震矩张量反演方法,尝试反演2009-2011年江苏及附近海域7次中小地震(ML3.5以上,最大震级ML5.3)的地震矩张量解,并通过记录清晰的P波初动在震源球的下半球投影对反演结果进行评价.结果表明:反演结果与初动方向一致较好.由此说明在研究区域用矩张量反演法测定中小地震震源机制解具有一定的可行性. 相似文献
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兰州数字地震台网的格林函数库与快速矩张量反演预研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
甘肃省是我国地震多发地区之一,如何利用兰州数字地震台网的波形资料确定中小地震的地震矩张量等震源新参数已成为急需考虑的问题。本文重点介绍了利用台网记录的波形资料快速反演中小地震的地震矩张量所需要的两项非常基础而重要的工作,即速度模型的确立和格林函数库的建立。为了说明格林函数库技术在矩张量快速反演中的可行性和优越性,还给出了122个中小地震的矩张量反演的试验性结果。 相似文献
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地震矩张量反演是获取震源过程的有效方法.岩石变形过程中的声发射与地震类似,均是弹性应变能快速释放.如假设条件得到满足,矩张量反演方法同样可用于了解声发射震源过程.声发射矩张量反演可使用P波位移进行计算.当样品尺寸远大于声发射波长,且声发射由微破裂产生,声发射源的尺度很小时,P波矩张量反演可采用远场近似.本文首先针对声发射的特点,实现根据远场P波反演声发射矩张量的算法,并通过人工声发射实验对算法的正确性和可靠性进行了检验.最后,用声发射矩张量反演方法对花岗岩单轴压缩实验的声发射源特征进行了分析.结果表明：对于纯剪切破裂模式,声发射矩张量反演可得断层面;对于非纯剪切破裂模式,如纵向挤压导致的横向张性劈裂,由于存在多解性不能得到断层面,但可通过矩张量的迹区分破裂模式. 相似文献
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微地震矩张量能够描述储层岩石破坏的细节,有助于了解水力压裂储层的地质力学特征,震源机制矩张量反演对于非常规油气开发具有重要的作用.水力压裂通常在页岩油气储层中进行,震源区介质表现出速度和衰减各向异性,需要研究衰减各向异性介质中微地震信号的传播规律.基于观测到的微地震记录,通过波形反演能够获得矩张量,忽视震源区介质的衰减和速度各向异性会导致震源机制反演结果的误差.本文提出了一种考虑地层各向异性吸收衰减作用的震源机制全波形反演方法,对于黏弹性VTI介质,采用GPU并行的伪谱法计算合成地震记录,通过全波形反演方法匹配合成波形和记录波形,借助优化算法获得震源机制矩张量反演结果.本文通过实验测试验证了该方法的有效性,分析了震源区各向异性速度和衰减参数、噪声以及观测系统等对于微地震震源机制各分量及成分反演结果的影响,研究表明考虑模型中的黏弹性各向异性对于获得可靠的震源机制反演结果非常重要. 相似文献
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矩震级MW是目前量度地震大小最理想的物理量,已成为国际地震学界开展研究的首选震级。对于中强地震事件,矩震级MW通常可以利用长周期地震波,基于矩张量反演计算获得;对于约3级以下的地震事件,直接进行矩张量反演有时会产生较大误差。本文以山西地震带为例,利用山西地震台网数字波形资料,开展研究区Q值函数模型的分析评估与基于频谱分析的矩震级测定。研究结果表明,基于Q值函数Q(f)=299.4f0.563计算的频谱MW更接近矩张量反演的MW,与Q值模型参数Q0、α和κ的优化组合结果存在较好吻合;对于3.6≤ML≤5.1地震事件,基于频谱分析计算得到的矩震级与基于矩张量反演矩震级较接近。在已具有详细的区域非弹性衰减模型基础上,基于频谱分析快速测定中小地震的矩震级具有可行性。 相似文献
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震源机制解,即对地震矩张量的推断,对于地震研究具有至关重要的意义.应变地震观测是张量观测,与摆式地震仪的位移矢量观测不同,可以为地震研究提供新的数据源.本文讨论用应变地震观测求解震源矩张量的基本原理.在距离震源足够远的地方,地震波可以看成平面波,其性质决定于震源矩张量.假设平面地震波的应变张量可以由震源矩张量通过坐标变换计算得到,就可以通过观测应变地震波求解震源机制.这个假设至少对于双力偶震源机制是成立的.由此可以证明,在理想的无限介质中,只要有两个以上不同地点的应变地震波观测,就可以解出震源矩张量.这为解决震源机制问题提供了新的方法.目前的地震矩张量求解方法需要两方面的条件:或者需要很多观测点(例如体波反演),或者需要长周期地震波资料(例如面波反演).这些方法只适用于分析比较大的地震.对于小震,因为通常其震中周围不会有足够多的摆式地震仪观测点观测到其地震波,而地震波周期又短,难以利用传统方法给出可靠的震源机制解,所以只需少数观测点就能求解震源矩张量的新方法特别有意义.用应变地震观测求解震源机制,可以给出更为精确的结果. 相似文献
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Earthquake sources exhibiting anelastic volume changes are studied in a gravitating earth. The excitation of seismic displacement fields by such sources cannot be fully described by a moment tensor.The effect of gravity manifests itself through the action of a buoyancy force at the source, which is compensated by a continuous distribution of volume forces through the earth.An inversion scheme which does not take into account these gravitational forces may lead to a pseudo-precursive action in the source and to an erroneous source characterisation. 相似文献
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José Morales Juan V. Cantavella Flor de Lis Mancilla Lucía Lozano Daniel Stich Encarnación Herraiz José B. Martín José A. Lopez-Comino José M. Martinez-Solares 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(5):1871-1888
The Lorca 2011 seismic series was recorded by an unprecedented set of high quality on scale broadband seismograms and strong motion accelerograms. The waveforms from permanent and temporary broadband seismic networks deployed in the region by different institutions allowed to invert regional moment tensor for the fore, main and largest aftershock of the complete seismic sequence. Using double-difference algorithm we have performed a precise relocation of the seismic series, where body wave travel times from strong ground motion accelerograms were included in the data set. Regional moment tensor inversion for the three main events show similar oblique-reverse faulting regime with a northeast-southwest fault orientation. The scalar seismic moment, moment magnitude and focal depth retrieved from the inversion yield the following values for each event: \(\hbox {Mo}=6.5\times 10^{16}\) Nm (Mw = 5.2) for the mainshock, \(\hbox {Mo}= 9.6 \times 10^{15}\) Nm (Mw = 4.6) for the foreshock and \(\hbox {Mo}=7.3\times 10^{14}\) Nm (Mw = 3.9) for the large aftershock. The centroid depths range between 4 and 6 km. The double-difference relocation of the seismic series shows significant epicentral differences with the preliminary routine location. The epicentral solutions given by this relocation show a seismic sequence distributed following a NE–SW strike, subparallel to the Alhama de Murcia fault and compatible with the faulting parameters inverted from the moment tensor analysis. The hypocenters of the series generate a subvertical trend in depth distribution, being concentrated between 2 and 6 km. The depth distribution of the main events, which range from 4.6 to 5.5 km, is in good relationship with the faulting and depth parameters deduced from the moment tensor inversion technique. The regional moment tensor solutions for the three largest earthquakes, the epicentral distribution and the focal depths show good relationship with the surface geometry and tectonic regime of the Alhama de Murcia fault. The stress drop deduced for the mainshock gives a value ranging between 58 and 85 bars, which does not support the idea of a high stress drop release as a main factor contributing to the high ground acceleration recorded at Lorca. The PGA values observed at Lorca, which contributed to the high damage independently of structural deficiencies, could be generated mainly by shallowness and proximity to the seismic source together with a directivity effect in the seismic radiation. 相似文献
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Generally the decomposition of a seismic moment tensor is not unique. However, to favorably view the characteristics of a certain seismic source, one must decompose a seismic moment tensor into parts according to assumptions about the properties of the seismic source. Different from natural earthquakes in which the shear dislocation component plays a predominant role in the source process, and the seismic moment tensor can be separated into an isotropic component, a double couple, and a compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD), underground nuclear explosions have three major components in their source process, i.e., the explosion, the tensional spalling, and the tectonic strain release associated with the explosion. In such a situation the conventional moment tensor decomposition for earthquakes is not convenient to estimate the yield of the explosion and to characterize the tectonic strain release. In this paper, an alternative decomposition scheme is proposed to deal with the moment tensor of underground nuclear explosions, which might benefit the approach to study the tectonic strain release induced by underground nuclear detonations. 相似文献
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Theoretical calculations are made to study the observability of isotropic components of seismic sources. In particular we consider the 1970 deep Colombian earthquake, for which a precursory isotropic component was previously reported by Gilbert and Dziewonski.We compare an ultra-long period vertical record at Pasadena of the 1970 event to synthetic seismograms calculated both for Gilbert and Dziewonski's source model and for the pure double-couple source of Furumoto and Fukao, and obtain better overall agreement for the latter. The amplitude of the long-period synthetic for the isotropic source is about 5–15 times smaller than the synthetic for the deviatoric source, suggesting that the data may be relatively insensitive to the presence of a small isotropic source. When this possibility was tested, the overall agreement was found to be almost completely insensitive to the presence of even a reasonably large isotropic component.However, the isotropic source was derived from multi-station moment tensor inversion, rather than from single-station studies. A numerical experiment on the effect of lateral heterogeneity of eigenfrequencies and of Q on the inversion for the moment tensor shows that even relatively small amounts of heterogeneity can produce spurious isotropic sources from moment tensor inversion. 相似文献
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During the period of 1999~2002, the Chinese seismologists made a serious of developments in the study on seismic sources including observations, experiments and theory. In the field of observation, the methods of the accuracy location of earthquake sources, the inversion of seismic moment tensor and the mechanism of earthquake source are improved and developed. A lot of important earthquake events are studied by using these methods. The rupture processes of these events are inverted and investigated combined with the local stress fields and the tectonic moment by using the measurements of surface deformation. In the fields of experiments and theory, many developments are obtained in cause of seismic formation, condition of stress and tectonics, dynamics of earthquake rupture, rock fracture and nucleation of strong earthquakes. 相似文献
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During the period of 1999-2002, the Chinese seismologists made a serious of developments in the study on seis-mic sources including observations, experiments and theory. In the field of observation, the methods of the accu-racy location of earthquake sources, the inversion of seismic moment tensor and the mechanism of earthquake source are improved and developed. A lot of important earthquake events are studied by using these methods. The rupture processes of these events are inverted and investigated combined with the local stress fields and the tec-tonic moment by using the measurements of surface deformation. In the fields of experiments and theory, many developments are obtained in cause of seismic formation, condition of stress and tectonics, dynamics of earthquake rupture, rock fracture and nucleation of strong earthquakes. 相似文献