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本文从背景性地震活动、地震活动的时空分布以及前兆震群活动等基本特征出发，分析了共和地震前地震活动的异常特征。结果说明，共和地震是发生在青藏高原北部地震区地震活动增强的背景中。震前２０年存在着中强地震空区。震前２－３年几乎同步出现了多种测震学异常。但无短临信息的前震活动。 相似文献
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青藏高原北部浅层地温异常特征及中短期地震预测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用浅层地温时空演化特征与中强地震活动的关系，研究了青藏高原北部地区1980年以来发生的几次中强地震前浅层地温异常特征。结果表明：分布在不同地质构造单元的地温测站在地震前有不同的表现形式，中强地震发生的中短期异常指标在空间上表现为地热涡的出现、活动和迁移，在时间上多数地震以高值异常为主，持续时间随震级大小而变化，中强地震一般持续1-6个月，强震持续时间可达1-2年。 相似文献
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利用青藏高原北部地区弱震活动资料筛选出3个具有中短期预报效能的地震窗口,分析了Ms≥5．0地震前各个窗口的异常特征,提取出半定量的中短期预报指标．即：在中强地震前80％的异常出现在地震前1～6个月,以中心异常出现时间向后推1～6个月作为预测的发震时间;异常幅度与未来震级之间没有明显的对应关系．对于7级以上大地震,古浪窗的显异常主要对应边界水平剪切走滑活动断裂上发生的地震;舟曲窗和乌海窗的显异常主要对应活动块体内部挤压逆冲断裂上发生的地震．而5～6级的中等地震没有明显的对应规律． 相似文献
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地震统计区的划分是研究地震活动性的重要前提和基础,通过对青藏高原北部地区构造地质背景的分析,依据地球物理特征和强震活动特点,讨论和划分该区地震活动统计区,探讨研究区地震活动的复发特点、地震构造特征、潜在地震危险性及强度,分析研究区未来强震发生的强度和可能地点,结果表明,目前青藏高原北部地区处于第8个活跃期,仍存在发生强震的可能,且未来数年存在发生7级以上地震的可能,应密切东昆仑断裂带东段和祁连山中西段地区。 相似文献
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1 研究思路
为提取山西北部中强震发生前地震活动性异常与前兆观测项目异常在时空强上的关联特征,对已有的震例进行了综合研究.结合地震地质活动背景,研究地震异常图像从场到源,由中期向短期过渡的异常演化特征,总结出山西北部中强地震前的前兆异常规律. 相似文献
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以活动地块为单元,研究了青藏高原北部地区1985年以来的缺震异常与中强地震的对应关系,认为青藏高原北部地区缺震异常具有一定的地震预报效能,尤其是在祁连地块、柴达木地块及共和地块中的应用价值较高,可作为该区中期和短期地震预报的判据之一。多个地块同步出现缺震异常意味着某一地块6级以上地震孕育的可能。 相似文献
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利用地震活动性指数A(6)值系统地定量化地对青藏高原北部地区1970年以来发生的中强地震的地震活动性特征进行了分析,确定了地震活动性增强异常的判据,即A(6)值≥4．5时为高值(地震活动性增强)异常。地震活动性增强异常出现后1～3个月为发震优势时段,其次是4～6个月。该判据通过了预报效能尺值评分的检验,可以用于地震预报实践。 相似文献
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本文研究了中国大陆131个强震序列的潮汐应力的位相分布特征.关于潮汐最大剪应力所得到的结果是:对单发型地震序列和主发型地震序列,它们的主震位相都有明显的优势分布,而单发型地震序列的主震优势位相比主发型地震序列的主震优势位相高;在群发型地震序列中,可以区分出若干明显的丛集,由每个丛集的主震所组成的序列位相依次呈降低趋势;各种序列晚期强余震的位相也具有明显的优势分布.不同类型地震序列的潮汐最大剪应力的位相和潮汐流体静应力的位相组合特征,具有较明确的物理意义,它与岩石力学实验中的 A 型和 R 型加载的应力途径[8,9],其实验结果有一定的对应关系. 相似文献
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选取近年来中国大陆及周边3次7级以上地震,对周边地震一定范围内“十五”数字化水温台站的月超差个数进行统计分析。结果表明,2010年玉树7．1级地震前,周边700 km 以内77％的水温台站出现月超差个数的向上突跳异常。2011年缅甸7．2级地震前,未发现此项异常。2013年芦山地震前,周边700 km 内仅有13％的水温台站出现此项异常。这3次7级以上地震,震前不同的月超差个数异常特征,应与每次地震不同的发震构造和孕震过程有关。目前,此项异常震例较少,且仅在青藏高原有明显的前兆意义。 相似文献
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Correlation between the tilt anomaly on the vertical pendulum at the Songpan station and the 2021 MS7.4 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai province,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Understanding the relationship between precursory deformation anomalies and strong earthquakes is vital for physical earthquake prediction. Six months before the 2021 MS7.4 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai province, China, the vertical pendulum at the Songpan station was observed to tilt southward with a high rate and large amplitude. Studies conducted before the 2021 MS7.4 Maduo earthquake inferred the tilt anomaly to be an earthquake precursor. However, after the earthquake, the relation between the earthquake and the anomaly became controversial, partly because the Songpan station is located at a great distance from the epicenter. In this study, based on the deformation anomaly characteristics, relationship between the seismogenic fault and the fault near the anomaly, and associated quantitative analyses, we concluded that this anomaly may be associated with the 2021 MS7.4 Maduo earthquake. The duration and amplitude of this anomaly matched with the magnitude and epicenter distance of the Maduo earthquake. We have also interpreted the reason why the anomaly occurred near a fault that is obliquely intersected with the seismogenic fault and why the anomaly is located far from the earthquake epicenter. 相似文献
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地震强度因子Mf值在华北中强以上地震前的短期异常变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
使用华北地区１９７２￣１９９２年的中小地地震震级资料进行地震强度因子Ｍｆ值空间扫描，研究华北地区中经以上地震前的短期异常变化。结果表明，在震前０．５ａ左右的短期阶段，Ｍｆ值中期异常区存在二类不同形态的变化。其中大部分震例的Ｍｆ值中期异常区出现明显的缩小乃至消失，可将这一特征作为短期异常的标志；而另一部分震例的中期异常区无明显变化，文中讨论了Ｍｆ值用于地震预报的方法和预报效果，并对Ｍｆ值的短期变化过 相似文献
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David A. Rhoades 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(6-7):629-644
In 1976 Frank Evison identified the first examples of earthquake swarms as long-term precursors of main-shock events, and thereby discovered the predictive scaling relations of long-term seismogenesis. From this time on, forecasting became the main focus of his research. After learning from an early attempt to communicate forecasts confidentially to government, he recognised the importance of hypothesis testing, and the precursory swarm hypothesis was cast in a form similar to a regional likelihood model. Tests of its performance relative to a stationary Poisson model at M ≥ 5.8 in New Zealand were begun in 1977. The initial hypothesis was that of a 1–1 relation between swarms and main-shock events. Following a study of the Japan catalogue, the generalised swarm hypothesis, in which multiple swarms were precursory to multiple main-shock events, was formulated. Tests of this form of the hypothesis at M ≥ 6.8 were initiated in a region of surveillance east of Japan in 1983. Eventually the generalised hypothesis was adopted in New Zealand also. In 1999, tests were begun in a region of Greece. In 1994–1995, several main-shock events favourable to the swarm hypothesis occurred, however four main-shock events near Arthur’s Pass, New Zealand, occurred without precursory swarms. Subsequent analysis showed that events called “quarms”, which were similar to swarms but more protracted in time, had preceded these events. This led to the proposal of a qualitative physical process to account for swarms, quarms and the predictive relations: A three-stage faulting process, in which a major crack induces aftercracks in its neighbourhood, just as a main shock induces aftershocks. An inference from this process was that the most general long-term precursor should be an increase of seismicity at similar magnitudes to the eventual aftershocks. It turned out that such a precursory scale increase nearly always occurs before major earthquakes and conforms to the predictive scaling relations. Setting aside the problem of identifying the scale increase before the major earthquake, the EEPAS (Every Earthquake a Precursor According to Scale) forecasting model was formulated. The success of this relatively weak model in forecasting major events in New Zealand, California, Japan and Greece shows that the predictive scaling relations are ubiquitous in earthquake catalogues. Although none of the formal tests of the swarm hypothesis were successful in their own terms, they were beneficial in identifying shortcomings in its formulation, thereby leading to improved understanding of long-term seismogenesis and a better forecasting model. Some puzzling aspects of the scaling relations are whether they vary regionally, and why the precursor area and aftershock area scale differently with magnitude. A more practical question is whether the EEPAS model can be strengthened, by making use of the clustering of some precursors in swarms and quarms, to bring us nearer to the original goal of forecasting individual major earthquakes. 相似文献
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利用西安数字地震遥测台网记录的数字地震资料,采用P波初动半周期残差法求得了1998年7月临猗5．0级地震前后不同路径的Q值变化,发现在地震发生前Q在87～203之间,震后Q在67～164之间,震前震中区附近出现了明显的高Q值异常。结果表明,地震前的高Q值异常可以作为地震预测的一种手段。 相似文献
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1996年11月9日南黄海6.1级地震前的地震活动异常 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９６年１１月９日在南黄海海域发生了６．１级地震。该地震前自１９９３年直震中周围区域的地震活动明显增强、小震群活跃，出现孕震空区及一些地震活动指标的中期异常。１９９５年８月后该区地震活动的出现明显平静。这次地震前的地震活动异常是明显的。 相似文献