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大地电磁测深的有效信号为天然电磁场,容易受到人文电磁噪声干扰,如何提高大地电磁资料的信噪比,已经成为制约大地电磁应用和发展的一个重要因素.本文利用地磁台站数据,首先将地磁台站数据转化为长周期大地电磁测深所采集的磁场数据格式,利用远参考方法估算长周期大地电磁测点与地磁台站之间的站间传递函数,包括长周期大地电磁测点电场与地磁台站水平磁场之间的拟阻抗,以及长周期大地电磁测点水平磁场与地磁台站水平磁场之间的水平磁场传递函数,将拟阻抗与水平磁场传递函数相乘便可以得到长周期大地电磁测点本地阻抗的无偏估计.实测数据处理结果表明,该方法可以提高本地阻抗估算的数据质量,减小阻抗估算误差. 相似文献
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长周期大地电磁测深需要观测最长周期为几万秒的大地电磁场信号,这要求用于测量电场信号的不极化电极具有很小的极差,以及至少长达1—2个月的稳定时间,普通的不极化电极不能满足要求。通过改进电极电解质配方和电极结构,试制出铅-氯化铅不极化电极。测量结果表明,该电极具有极差小、稳定时间长、使用寿命长、维护简单等优良特性。在山东菏泽等地的野外实验表明,该类不极化电极能够很好地观测几万秒的长周期信号。同等条件下,其性能优于国外同类产品,达到预期目标。 相似文献
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大地电磁测深需要采集正交的天然电磁场信号,其中大地电场信号微弱且易受环境噪声影响.为了提高大地电场的测量精度,本文通过试制新型Pb-PbCl2不极化电极和改变电极的掩埋方式,室内和野外对比实验结果表明:试制电极具有级差小、稳定时间长的优点;采用加桶加水的方式掩埋电极,不仅可以提高电极极差的稳定性,还有利于减小电极极差突变的机率;电极掩埋深度对电极的稳定性影响很大,深埋电极可以有效抑制电极极差的漂移.另外,野外大地电磁数据采集时难免会遇到了一些沙漠、河流等特殊地形,采用传统的测量方式无法采集到精确的大地电场信号,本文通过对比实验,总结了在特殊地形条件下大地电磁信号采集的技术要点,如在沙漠地区,电极坑中应加入大量泥浆以减小电极的接地电阻,当测点在河流附近时,电极对不应跨过河面,减小自然电位对大地电场的影响. 相似文献
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海底采集到的电磁数据按照其主要包含的信息及研究目的大致可分为海洋可控源电磁场(CSEM)信号、天然场源大地电磁场(MT)信号、海洋环境电磁场信号以及其他随机干扰信号.常常通过计算功率谱密度、时频分析和极化分析的方法研究海洋电磁场特征.本文介绍一种新方法——时频方向谱分析法及其在实测海洋电磁数据处理中的应用,该方法能够在一定的时间-频率尺度上有效分辨场源信号的运动方向.对于海洋CSEM数据,利用该方法可以估算发射源的运动方向,进而在发射源或采集站方位信息缺失情况下,实现海洋CSEM数据的旋转电性轴处理.对于海洋电磁数据,利用该方法可以详细分析海水运动感应电磁场的信号特征. 相似文献
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几年以前 ,我国尚未独立开展过海洋电磁探测 ,没有获取海洋岩石层电性资料的技术手段。然而 ,地下岩层的电性参数较之其他物性参数能更好地反映岩石的性质以及岩石所处的物理状态 ,因此迫切需要发展海底大地电磁探测技术。海底大地电磁探测是把仪器布置在海底 ,采集海底大地电磁场数据 ,从而研究海底以下不同深度上介质导电性的分布规律 ,达到了解地下不同深度地质情况的目的。经过两年的努力 ,我们已基本实现了海底大地电磁探测技术的研究目标 相似文献
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CS3301在长周期大地电磁测深仪中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大地电磁测深是研究地壳和上地幔构造的一种重要的地球物理探测方法,当前国家正在实施深部探测专项SinoProbe等项目,故需要借助于长周期大地电磁测深仪器.我国没有自己生产的长周期大地电磁测深仪器,只能依靠从乌克兰进口的LEMI-417进行深部探测.在LEMI-417使用中,我们从该仪器提供的数据文件Final.asc中发现它的电场信号测量分辨率为0.01 mV/km,磁场信号测量分辨率为0.01 nT,相对较低,此外,该仪器在无GPS信号时会出现记录紊乱等现象,故需要设计适合课题组需要的长周期大地电磁测深仪器.由于大地电磁测深仪器需要采集的电场、磁场信号为微弱信号,容易淹没于噪声之中,故选用了低噪声、极小总谐波失真率的CS3301作为运算放大器.CS3301提供了4种可选择的信号输入模式和7种可选增益,经分析与测试,测量电场信号时,CS3301设置为输入模式1及×64增益,当极距100 M时,测量精度可达0.001 mV/km,高于LEMI-417的0.01 mV/km;测量磁场信号时,将反馈理论用于测量电路,CS3301设置为输入模式3及×64增益,只对信号的可变部分进行放大,精度可达0.006 nT,高于LEMI-417的0.01 nT.该系统在华南的9005、1005等多个测点以及东北的1600、5105等多个测点进行了测试,并与LEMI-417进行了对比试验,测量结果表明它们的时间序列曲线比较一致,数据处理后,在同一测点得到的大地电磁测深曲线也较一致,说明设计的仪器达到了预期目标. 相似文献
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海洋可控源电磁法在国外已成为海底天然气水合物调查的有效手段之一.为实现我国海域深水条件下水合物的海洋可控源电磁探测,本文从方法原理出发,采用低功耗嵌入式控制、前端低噪声斩波放大、高精度时间同步和水声通讯等技术,设计并开发了由承压舱、玻璃浮球、采集电路、电场与磁场传感器、姿态测量装置、声学释放器、USBL定位信标、测量臂、水泥块等部件组成的海底可控源电磁接收机,实现了海洋微弱电磁场信号的高精度采集.海底可控源电磁接收机具有高可靠性、低噪声、低功耗和低时漂的特点.利用研制的海底可控源电磁接收机,在琼东南海域进行水合物勘查,采集得到了可靠的人工源电磁场数据.通过数据处理及反演,获得了研究区海底的电阻率模型,结合地震资料,对高阻异常体进行推断解释,其结果为天然气水合物钻探井位布置提供了电性依据. 相似文献
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地球曲率对长周期大地电磁测深法的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于电磁理论,导出了层状球体大地条件下长周期大地电磁响应的计算公式,编制了计算机程序,并对相应理论模型进行正演计算。根据计算结果,分析了地球曲率对长周期大地电磁测深法视电阻率和阻抗相位的影响。理论模型的计算结果显示,随着探测周期的增大,地球曲率对长周期大地电磁响应的影响逐渐增大,视电阻率曲线会明显下降,阻抗相位曲线逐渐趋于90°;在一维情况下,对于目前的仪器测量范围可以忽略地球曲率带来的影响,但随着仪器技术的进一步发展,地球曲率对长周期大地电磁测深法的影响不可忽视。 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献