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通过野外调查表明,长岭山北麓断裂晚第四纪以来表现出强烈的新活动性.沿断裂年青冲沟以及最新阶地发生水平左旋位移,通过测量及位移量的分组分析并结合相关年代计算得到,该活动断裂晚更新世以来水平滑动速率为5.1mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.19mm/a;全新世以来水平滑动速率3.53±0.34 mm/a,垂直滑动速率0.29±0.03 mm/a.沿断裂全线进行分析并结合断层剖面得到,小红山一带断层上覆0.4～1.2 m的坡洪积层(底部TL年龄6.1±0.7 kaBP)未被错动,而且Ⅰ级河流阶地及河漫滩相沉积物均未发生变形变位.1927年古浪8.0级地震形成的地表破裂向东抵达下井子沟地区,但未通过陶家山北的明代长城.区域分析表明,长岭山北麓断层构成古浪活动断裂带的东延段,和前人已经确定的天桥沟断层、黄羊川断层一起构成古浪左旋走滑兼逆冲活动断裂带.1927年古浪8.0级地震形成大破裂--贯通型的地震地表破裂带,说明该断裂所在地区为破裂的成熟地段.通过计算,并考虑到古浪大地震的离逝时间以及结合区域资料分析表明,该活动断裂所在地区至少500a内是相对稳定的,1000a的预测时段内发生强、大地震的概率也很低,但是不排除发生中强地震的可能. 相似文献
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东亚大陆大三角地震区的强震成组活动迁移图像分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了1900—2008年东亚大陆大三角地震区7.5级以上大地震的地震活动时空图像, 认为: ① 1902—1974年东亚大陆大三角地震区的7.5级以上浅源地震成组活动的主体地区, 沿着大三角地震区的边界顺时针迁移, 到了1997—2001年开始转移到大三角地震区的内部; ② 对于整个大三角地震区而言, 近代7.5级以上浅源地震的震级(M)-时间(t)过程表明, 地震活动是活跃和平静交替出现的幕式过程; ③ 大三角地震区近代7.5级以上浅源地震的时空迁移图像的力学机制, 可能是地震区内地震断层应力转移和耦合的相互作用。 相似文献
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以甘孜-玉树断裂带东南段的地质地貌为研究对象,在遥感解译的基础上,通过对典型地区的详细野外调查和探槽研究对该段晚第四纪活动性进行研究。在断裂沿线的生康乡、仁果乡、错阿乡、日阿乡进行了断错地貌分析和晚第四纪滑动速率计算, 生康区的水平滑动速率为(7.6±0.5)mm/a, 垂直滑动速率为(1.1±0.1)mm/a; 仁果区的水平滑动速率为(8.0±0.3)mm/a,垂直滑动速率为(1.1±0.1)mm/a; 错阿区的水平滑动速率为(10.3±0.4)mm/a; 日阿区的水平滑动速率为(10.8±0.8)mm/a, 垂直滑动速率为(1.1±0.1)mm/a。在仁果乡和错阿乡进行了探槽研究,两处探槽都揭示了多次古地震事件,虽然揭露的断层构造样式有所不同,但总体上都是以走滑为主兼有一定的逆冲分量。综合古地震事件和滑动速率分析表明,甘孜-玉树断裂带东南段晚第四纪尤其是全新世以来活动剧烈。 相似文献
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《四川地震》2021,(2)
鲜水河断裂是川滇菱形块体东边界的重要组成部分,为一条NW向的大型左旋走滑断裂。炉霍段断裂在不到160年的时间发生了 1816年71/2级和1973年7.6级两次大地震,强震复发行为表现出丛集特征,其断层现今活动特征值得关注。本研究利用虾拉沱跨断层形变观测资料,从断层运动方式和平均速率两个方面分析了虾拉沱断层现今活动特征,结果表明:鲜水河断裂炉霍段断层整体以左旋、拉张活动为主,兼具逆断活动;断层活动速率的时间进程具有阶段性特征,2000～2015年断层在水平滑动、水平张压和垂直升降分量上的活动速率分别为2.19mm/a、0.37 mm/a和-0.25 mm/a,断层左旋张性活动明显;2016～2019年断层在水平滑动、水平张压和垂直升降分量上的活动速率分别为1.98 mm/a、-0.22 mm/a和-0.20 mm/a,呈现出左旋压性活动特征,在张性背景上发生压性转折。 相似文献
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安宁河断裂带是中国西南地区一条重要的地震活动断层， 地方志记载公元1536年曾发生过震级大于7级的破坏性地震. 详细的断裂地貌航片解译和野外调查表明， 安宁河断裂带除具有主要的左旋走滑断层活动外，还兼有重要的逆冲运动分量. 根据冲沟和阶地面的位错量及其热释光测年结果估计，该断裂带晚更新世以来平均左旋走滑速率为3~7 mm/a. 根据滑移方向与断层走向的关系，推测跨安宁河断裂带东西向由于逆冲断层运动造成的挤压缩短速率约为1.7~4.0 mm/a； 简单分解鲜水河断裂带上的滑动速率，估计分配在大凉山断裂带上的滑动速率与安宁河断裂带上的大致相当，约为3~7 mm/a. 此外，根据野外调查结果，并结合最近青藏高原构造动力学研究的新认识， 建立了安宁河断裂带的动力学模型，认为安宁河断裂带是一条逆冲走滑断裂带. 其下盘（西盘）主动向南东方向下插，造成了上盘（东盘）向北西方向的上冲运动. 相似文献
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在阿尔金构造系中,阿尔金走滑断裂具有逆冲分量。文中将阿尔金构造系的逆冲活动分为西、中、东3段描述。西段从阿依耐克至车尔臣河河口,阿尔金南缘断裂具有逆冲活动迹象,在山前发育了规模较小的逆冲断层,有较新的地貌面被错动;中段从车尔臣河河口至拉配泉一带,在阿尔金山北缘发育大规模的逆冲断层,有较新的地貌面被错动;东段从拉配泉至宽滩山,逆冲断层有2种形式,此段阿尔金北缘断裂有逆冲分量,同时在阿尔金山北缘及山前冲洪积扇上发育逆冲断裂。自晚更新世中晚期以来,中段及东段逆冲速率<2mm/a。中段西部江尕拉萨依地区自16kaBP以来逆冲速率约为0.33mm/a,中部米兰桥一带自32kaBP以来的逆冲速率约为1.42mm/a。东段最大的逆冲速率在近中部的团结乡,自约5.31kaBP以来达到约1.81mm/a,向东西两端有减小的趋势,在西部柳城子自约72.36kaBP以来的逆冲速率为0.57mm/a,而东端的红柳沟自约8.99kaBP以来仅为0.05mm/a。团结乡地区约自19kaBP以来,逆冲活动有增强的趋势 相似文献
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川西及邻区分布着中国大陆数条重要的活动断裂带,这些断裂带上的滑动速率与地震活动有很大差异,如鲜水河断裂带的滑动速率在10mm/a以上,该断裂带上大地震频繁发生;而龙门山断裂带的滑动速率很小,虽然该断裂带上地震活动不频繁,但也发生了2008年5月12日汶川Ms8.0级大地震.利用弹黏塑性三维有限元模型,研究川西地区断裂带的几何形态及走向变化对断层滑动速率及区域应变分配影响.结果表明:鲜水河-小江断裂带的滑动速率随着断裂带几何分布及其走向呈现分段特征.结构简单,走向平直的分段滑动速率大;结构复杂,走向变化大的分段滑动速率低,区域应变主要集中在断裂带走向发生急剧变化的分段附近.鲜水河-小江断裂带中段的应变分配受到安宁河-则木河断裂带与大凉山断裂带相互作用的影响.龙门山断裂带的走向与青藏高原的挤出方向近乎垂直,断层活动以逆冲为主,滑动速率较低. 相似文献
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阿尔金活动断裂带东段的滑动速率由西向东逐渐减小,而肃北是阿尔金断裂东段滑动速率的"突变点"之一。在肃北以东分布多条分支断裂,野马河北侧断裂便是其中的一条。野马河北侧断裂长约30km,总体走向NEE,该断裂沿野马河盆地北侧山前洪积扇延伸,沿断裂具有大量的左旋走滑和逆冲等地貌现象,多处冲沟出露有断层剖面。野外调查结果表明该断裂是一条左旋走滑兼逆冲断裂,错断了晚更新世时期形成的洪积扇或冲沟阶地。通过实测得到地貌面左旋、垂直错动数据,并采集样品测试相关地貌面的年龄,估算该断裂晚更新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为(1.27±0.18)mm/a,平均逆冲速率为(0.4±0.07)mm/a,该断裂分解了阿尔金断裂东段的部分运动量 相似文献
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THRUST OF THE SOUTHERN LONGMENSHAN FAULT IN THE LATE QUATERNARY REVEALED BY RIVER LANDFORMS 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Longmenshan fault zone is divided into three sections from south to north in the geometric structure. The middle and northern segments are mainly composed of three thrust faults, where the deformation of foreland is weak. The geometric structure of the southern segment is more complex, which is composed of six fault branches, where the foreland tectonic deformation is very strong. The Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake occurred in the middle of the Longmenshan in 2008, activating the bifurcation of two branches, the Yingxiu-Beichuan and the Guixian-Jiangyou faults. In 2013, the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake occurred in the southern Longmenshan, whose seismogenic structure was considered to be a blind fault. After the Lushan earthquake, the seismic hazard in the southern Longmenshan has been widely concerned.
At present, the studies on active tectonics in the southern Longmenshan are limited to the Dachuan-Shuangshi and the Yanjing-Wulong faults. The Qingyi River, which flows across the southern Longmenshan, facilitates to study fault slip by the deformation of river terraces. Based on satellite imagery and high-resolution DEM analysis, we measured the fluvial terraces along the Qingyi river in detail. During the measurement, the Sichuan network GPS system (SCGNSS)was employed to achieve a precision of centimeter grade. Besides, the optical luminescence dating (OSL)method was employed to date the terraces' ages. And the late Quaternary activities of the six branch faults in the southern Longmen Shan were further analyzed.
The Gengda-Longdong, Yanjing-Wulong and the Xiao Guanzi faults (west branch of the Dachuan-Shuangshi fault)all show thrust slip and displaced the terrace T2. Their average vertical slip rates in the late Quaternary are 0.21-0.30mm/a, 0.12-0.21mm/a and 0.10-0.12mm/a, respectively. Since the Late Quaternary, vertical slip of the east branch of the Dachuan-Shuangshi fault was not obvious, and the arc-like Jintang tectonic belt was not active. Crustal shortening rate of the southern Longmenshan thrust fault zone in the late Quaternary is 0.48-0.77mm/a, which equals about half of the middle segment of the Longmenshan. Based on the previous study on the tectonic deformation of the foreland, we consider that the foreland fold belt in the southern Longmenshan area has absorbed more than half of the crustal shortening. The three major branch faults in the southern Longmenshan are active in the late Quaternary, which have risk of major earthquakes. 相似文献
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Based on the collection of active fault slip rate data of large intra-continental shallow thrust earthquakes occurring in the triangular seismic region of the East Asia continent,a preliminary analysis has been performed with results showing that the Wenchuan,Sichuan, China earthquake ( MS = 8. 0) of May 12,2008 occurred on the Longmenshan Mountain active fault with an abnormally low slip rate. 相似文献
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本文利用青藏高原东北缘地区1991—2015年的GPS速度场资料, 基于弹性球面块体模型获得了区域活动断裂的滑动速率, 并讨论了断裂滑动速率分配的动力学意义。 反演结果表明, 青藏高原东北缘地区主要块体以北东向并兼顺时针旋转运动为主; 区域断裂平均闭锁深度为17 km; 另外, 各主要断裂滑动速率也不尽相同。 其中, 阿尔金断裂、 东昆仑断裂左旋走滑速率为10～12 mm/a, 祁连—海原断裂左旋走滑速率为3～5 mm/a, 鄂拉山断裂、 拉脊山断裂右旋走滑速率为1～3 mm/a。 阿尔金断裂、 祁连—海原断裂、 东昆仑断裂的走滑速率被其端部的山脉隆起和逆冲断裂所吸收和转换, 鄂拉山断裂和拉脊山断裂则起到了调节块体间运动平衡的作用。 相似文献
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Zhang Shimin 《中国地震研究》2006,20(2):202-215
INTRODUCTIONThe Yingjing-Mabian-Yanjinthrust fault zone lies on the southeastern margin of Tibet .It startsfromthe south of Tianquaninthe north,and it extends southwards through Yingjing, Emei , Ebian,Mabian,Lidian to the north of Yanjin of Yunnan, with a total length of 275 km. The fault zoneintersects withthe southernsegment of the Longmengshanthrust fault zone onits northernsegment andborders the Huayingshan-Lianfengfault zone onits southernsegment .It is a 30 km-wide NW-trendin… 相似文献
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2008年5月12日在青藏高原与四川盆地交界的龙门山山脉发生了Ms8.0级强烈地震,引发山体滑坡等地质灾害,造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失.本文利用远场体波波形记录结合近场同震位移数据,根据地质资料和地震形成的地表破裂轨迹,构造了一个双“铲状”有限地震断层模型,利用反演技术重建地震的破裂过程.结果显示汶川大地震主要是沿龙门山构造带的映秀-北川断裂和灌县-江油断裂发生的逆冲兼右旋走滑破裂事件.断层面上的滑动分布显示两个高滑动区先后发生在地震破坏最为严重的映秀和北川地区,最大滑动量高达1200～1250 cm,且破裂过程也显示一定的复杂性.地震破裂的平均走滑量略大于平均倾滑量,与多种观测资料获得的震前龙门山断裂带构造变形相一致,推断是由于长期区域应力场作用和龙门山地区特殊的物质组成和结构孕育了这次千年尺度的强烈地震. 相似文献
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昌马断裂带是是青藏高原北部一条活动强烈的左旋走滑断裂带。它表现为重力、航磁、地壳厚度的综合异常梯度带，属于断面陡、切割深的超岩石圈断裂。昌马断裂带由１２条长４公里至１８公里不等的不连续的主断层和４条次级断层组成，可划分为东、中、西三大段落。断裂的水平位移和滑动速率具有分段性，全新世以来，东、中、西三段的左旋水平滑动速率分别为４．１毫米／年，２．６毫米／年和１．５毫米／年。北东东、北北西和北西西三个方向断层的位移具有分级特征，不同级别的位移具有良好的同步性。全新世以来北东东、北北西和北西西三个方向断层的水平滑动速率分别为４．１毫米／年、３．８毫米／年和２．７毫米／年。白垩纪以来，昌马断裂呈天平式运动，显示了枢纽断裂运动特征，枢纽轴位于断裂中段。昌马地震震源破裂性质及其反映的震源应力场与地震破裂带的破裂性质及其反映的构造应力场不一致。昌马地震震源机制解反映了北北西～南南东挤压，作用应力近于水平的震源应力场；昌马地震破裂带的变形组合反映了东北～南西挤压的构造应力场。昌马地震破裂带长１２０公里，分为东部正走滑段、中部逆走滑段和西部尾端破裂段，显示了多个水平位移峰值。全新世以来，沿昌马断裂发生了６次强震事件，强震复发 相似文献
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The Qujiang Fault is one of the most seismically active faults in western Yunnan, China and is considered to be the seismogenic fault of the 1970 MS7.7 Tonghai earthquake. The Qujiang Fault is located at the southeastern tip of the Sichuan-Yunnan block. In this study, we examine the geometry, kinematics, and geomorphology of this fault through field observations and satellite images. The fault is characterized by dextral strike-slip movements with dip-slip components and can be divided into northwest and southeast segments according to different kinematics. The northwest segment shows right-lateral strike-slip with normal components, whereas it is characterized by dextral movements with the northeast wall thrusting over the opposite in the southeast segment. The offset landforms are well developed along the strike of the fault with displacements ranging from 3.7m to 830m. The Late Quaternary right-lateral slip rate was determined to be 2.3～4.0mm/a through dating and measuring on the offset features. The variation of the slip and uplift rates along the fault strike corresponds well to the fault kinematics segmentation: the slip rate on the northwest segment is above 3mm/a with an uplift rate of 0.6～0.8mm/a; however, influenced by the Xiaojiang Fault, the southeast segment shows apparent thrust components. The slip rate decreases to below 3.0mm/a with an uplift rate of 1.1mm/a, indicating different uplift between the northwest and southeast segments. 相似文献
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2008年5月12日,青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带发生汶川MW7.9地震,该地震使得北川—映秀断裂、灌县—江油断裂发生了同震破裂。本文主要利用震后通过复测获得的GPS同震形变场,采用Yabuki&Matsu’ura反演计算方法和分段平面断层模型,反演了地震同震滑动分布。结果表明:映秀—北川主破裂带的断层错动,在映秀附近以逆冲滑动为主,而在北川以北,其走滑运动明显大于逆冲,这一结果与震后地质调查结果与通过地震波研究获得的断层破裂特征相一致;反演得到的最大滑动量达到9.3m和9.6m,分别对应于这次地震中地表破坏最为严重的北川和映秀地区;由所获得的滑动分布计算的地震矩为8.07×1020 N.m,对应的震级为MW7.9。研究结果初步显示,Yabuki&Matsu’ura反演方法可适用在内陆地震断层反演计算中。 相似文献
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龙门山逆冲推覆构造带中段山前断裂的存在和最新活动时代一直是个争论的问题.石油地震探测资料和浅层地震剖面揭示该断裂的存在,并断错了第四系;野外调查表明,龙门山中段山前存在明显的线性地貌特征,山前断裂断错晚了更新世晚期的洪积台地;探槽剖面揭示距今约1500 a之前在山前断裂上曾发生过一次地表破裂型事件,而该断裂未来具备发生强震的潜势.断错地貌的差分GPS测量和年代学分析显示山前断裂晚第四纪垂直滑动速率大于0.36 mm/a,其与龙门山中段主干断裂活动强度相当,说明龙门山山前断裂在龙门山逆冲推覆构造带的变形中也承担着重要的作用.该研究不仅能为成都平原的地震危险性评价提供基础资料,也有助于全面理解青藏高原东缘的隆升机制. 相似文献
20.
Fault slip rate is one of the most important subjects in active tectonics research, which reveals the activity and seismic potential of a fault. Due to the improvement of dating precision with the development of dating methods, Holocene geological markers, even the young markers of thousands or hundreds of years old, are widely used in fault slip rate calculation. Usually, uncertainties from a single event and erosion of the accumulated offsets are involved in fault slip rate determination. Two types of uncertainties are related to a single event; the first is the time elapsed since the latest (the most recent) event; the second is the period since the formation of the geological marker to the occurrence of the first event. High‐slip‐rate faults are more sensitive to these uncertainties than low‐slip‐rate faults. In this study, we studied quantitatively the effects of a single event on fault slip rate following the three classic earthquake models: the characteristic earthquake, uniform slip and variable slip models. We suggest that the erosion of the accumulated offset–lateral erosion on a strike‐slip fault, should also be considered in fault slip estimation. Therefore, we propose a differential method to obtain a reliable fault slip rate. In the differential method, the slip rate is the ratio of offset differentials and corresponding age differentials between the older and younger terraces along strike‐slip faults. This kind of differential method could avoid the uncertainties from the first and latest events, as well as that from the lateral erosion. By applying the differential method, we got the revised slip rates of ∼5–10 mm/year on the Altyn Tagh and Kunlun faults. These low slip rates could fit previous geodetic and geological fault slip rates and shortening rates as well as the millennial recurrence intervals of strong earthquakes along the major segments of these faults. 相似文献