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1.
基于内蒙古寒旱区达里诺尔湖（简称"达里湖"）无河流外泄、冬季湖面冰封、水体流动缓慢等典型区域水文气象特征,对夏、冬季湖泊底层、表层水（冰）、入湖河水、浅层地下水（井水、泉水）等样品中稳定氢、氧同位素（δD、δ18O）值的变化进行对比分析,结果显示湖区不同水体δD和δ18O平均值均存在湖泊水体（水、冰体） > 大气降水 > 入湖河水 > 浅层地下水的变化特征.在达里湖,夏、冬季底层水δD、δ18O值均比表层水（含湖冰）中δD、δ18O值偏负且季节变化幅度较小.此外,冬季不同采样点底层水δD、δ18O平均值的区域差异性比夏季明显,这反映了湖泊底层水体相对封闭、稳定的储存环境,也说明地下水补给过程存在一定程度的区域差异.而基于不同区域底层水δD、δ18O值及氘盈余指数（d）值和水深变化间相互关系的分析,发现水深变化可能是影响达里湖底层水δD、δ18O值分布区域差异及补给过程的主要因素之一：东北部水体较浅（水深小于8 m）区域采样点水体δD、δ18O平均值多数比达里湖整体平均值偏负且d值偏正,指示浅层地下水输入及二次蒸发作用的影响;西南部水体较深（水深超过8 m）区域采样点水体δD、δ18O平均值多数比达里湖整体平均值偏正且d值偏负,说明水体相对稳定,受二次蒸发作用的影响较弱. 相似文献
2.
浮游植物对氮的吸收与其生长繁殖密切相关,太湖梅梁湾湖区蓝藻水华频频暴发,对该水域浮游植物氮吸收进行研究具有重要意义.本文分别在冬、春、夏、秋4个季节于梅梁湾采样,对水体常规理化指标和浮游植物群落结构进行分析,并利用15N稳定同位素示踪技术研究了浮游植物对铵态氮（NH4+-N）、硝态氮（NO3--N）和尿素态氮（Urea-N）吸收的动力学特征.结果表明,太湖梅梁湾浮游植物群落除了秋季对NH4+-N的吸收不符合米氏方程外,其余均符合.冬季和春季3种形态氮最大吸收速率（Vmax）的大小依次为：NH4+-N > NO3--N > Urea-N,而夏季为：NH4+-N > Urea-N > NO3--N.3种形态氮Vmax的季节变化规律为夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季.Vmax在不同季节以及不同形态氮之间的差异性可能与浮游植物群落组成以及水体中NH4+-N浓度不同有关.浮游植物对NH4+-N吸收的KS值在冬、春季高于夏季,对Urea-N吸收的Ks值则在夏、秋季高于冬、春季,而对NO3--N吸收的Ks值则在夏季显著高于其他3个季节.冬季和春季梅梁湾浮游植物群落最容易受到NO3--N限制,而最不容易受到Urea-N的限制;而夏季,则最容易受到NO3--N限制,而最不容易受到NH4+-N的限制,且浮游植物群落对NH4+-N的亲和力最高.与NO3--N相比,秋季浮游植物更容易受到Urea-N的限制.不同季节,容易对浮游植物产生限制作用的氮的形态不同. 相似文献
3.
以艾比湖流域主要入湖河流为研究对象,在5月（丰水期）和8月（枯水期）分别沿博尔塔拉河（博河）和精河进行采样,采用平行因子模型（PARAFAC）和三维荧光区域积分法对水体三维荧光特性进行研究并对其与水质的关系在枯、丰水期下的变化进行探讨.结果表明①河流DOM在枯水期与丰水期都含有C1（240、425 nm） UVC类腐殖质,C2（225、290 nm）紫外区内络氨酸类有机物,C3（230/280、330 nm）蛋白类有机物,C4（265、260 nm）腐殖质类共4种组分.通过对水体三维荧光进行区域积分可以看出DOM荧光成分的占比在不同时期的变化.博河在枯水期时EEM光谱中的区域Ⅲ富里酸含量低于丰水期,枯水期时区域Ⅱ芳香类蛋白质、区域Ⅳ可溶性微生物代谢物以及区域Ⅴ类腐殖质酸高于丰水期;对于精河来说,区域Ⅱ芳香类蛋白质和区域Ⅳ可溶性微生物代谢物在枯水期的含量高于丰水期,区域Ⅲ富里酸和区域Ⅴ类腐殖质酸的含量枯水期低于丰水期,这表明水体腐质化程度较高.②本研究选取了一些常规的荧光指数来描述枯、丰水期水体的荧光指数特性.经研究发现,精河的荧光指数、自生源指数和腐殖化指数在不同时期的变化幅度较小,而博河的变化幅度较大.③将荧光指数与水质参数进行相关性分析并建模,结果表明枯水期自生源指数（BIX）与化学需氧量呈显著正相关,相关系数R=0.688;丰水期时BIX与铵态氮浓度呈显著负相关,相关系数R=-0.493.通过对比分析艾比湖主要入湖河流的三维荧光光谱特性与水质在枯、丰水期时的关系进一步表明水体中DOM的特性以及在枯、丰水期下的差异,为艾比湖流域的治理改善提供一定的理论支持和参考依据. 相似文献
4.
湿地植被地上生物量是衡量湿地生态系统健康状况的重要指标,对于珍稀水禽越冬繁殖、全球碳循环、生态净化具有重要意义,是生态学与遥感解译的研究热点之一.针对于地上生物量的测算,卫星遥感数据覆盖范围广但其空间分辨率较低,无人机遥感数据空间分辨率高但采集范围小,同时受湿地面积、观测系统及外界环境等条件的影响,使得遥感影像地上生物量反演更加复杂和困难.本研究基于无人机和高分一号数据对升金湖草滩植被地上生物量反演进行研究,结合升金湖保护区4个样区无人机可见光影像与相应样区实测样本数据,建立地上生物量与可见光波段、多种可见光植被指数的线性、幂函数、多项式、对数回归模型,并通过可决系数（R2）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和均方根误差（RMSE）对模型进行精度评价,选择最优模型对无人机影像进行地上生物量反演;通过可见光波段反演得到的生物量,与高分一号WFV归一化差分植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）影像相结合进行回归建模,获取整个升金湖草滩植被地上生物量分布.结果表明,利用无人机红光波段建立的多项式方程对地上生物量反演有着最高模拟精度,R2=0.86、预测精度MAE=111.33 g/m2、RMSE=145.42 g/m2,且红光波段生物量反演方法得到的结果与实际生物量分布一致性较高,高分一号WFV NDVI与无人机反演生物量构建的多项式模型为最优模型,R2为0.91.本研究利用无人机和高分一号数据进行生物量反演研究,整合多源遥感数据优点,以获取更加丰富和准确的信息,进而提高地上生物量反演精度,为湿地监测和湿地恢复管理提供数据和技术支撑,具有重要研究意义和应用价值. 相似文献
5.
水体的透明度是评价水质的重要指标,在水生态系统中起着重要的作用.借助遥感技术可以获得大范围、实时数据,并且有节省人力物力的优点.本文利用岱海的野外实测透明度数据和光谱数据,针对Sentinel-2 MSI和Landsat-8 OLI卫星数据波段设置,建立了岱海水体透明度反演模型.结果表明：1）本文建立的透明度反演模型中,蓝红波段比二次模型反演精度最好,决定系数R2=0.66,均方根误差（RMSE）为24.02 cm,平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）为21.24%.2）将蓝红波段比二次模型应用于Landsat-8 OLI和Sentinel-2 MSI卫星数据,透明度反演精度较好,MAPE<28.82%,RMSE<23.26 cm,R2>0.60.3）此算法应用于时间序列MSI和OLI影像,得到了岱海水体透明度时空分布特征.结果表明,岱海水体透明度年平均变化范围在90.71~120.77 cm,2015年的平均透明度最高,2013年的平均透明度最低;月平均变化范围在90.68~122.53 cm,7月的平均透明度最高,5月的平均透明度最低.岱海透明度在空间上的分布趋势大致表现为西北高,东南低,中部高,四周低.4）影响岱海水体透明度变化的主要因素为风速和降水,透明度与风速和降水分别具有显著的负相关和正相关关系. 相似文献
6.
温泉流体地球化学方法是研究活动断裂带深浅部流体耦合变化的有利手段。通过对2011年6月至2018年7月岷江断裂带内的7个采样点进行了7次系统的调查,测定了16个气体样品中的3He/4He和δ13CCO2以及27个水样中的常量元素、微量元素和稳定同位素（δD、δ18O）,得出以下结论：①岷江断裂带温泉水化学类型主要分为Ca-HCO3、Mg-HCO3、Ca·Mg-HCO3、Mg·Ca-HCO3四种;②δD、δ18O的测量结果表明岷江断裂带温泉水主要为大气降水的补给,补给高程为3.4～4.5km;③温泉水中SiO2含量为2.49～5.92mg/L,热储温度为26.00～52.22℃,循环深度为1.17～2.67km;④Na-K-Mg三角图表明岷江断裂带温泉水均为未成熟水;⑤岷江断裂带温泉水中除B、Sr、Ba外,微量元素的富集因子均小于1,说明微量元素含量较低,主要来自于岷江断裂带的灰岩;⑥幔源和壳源之间的混合作用为控制He-C系统和He-Sr系统的主要因素,且研究结果表明3He/4He变化范围为0.02 Ra～0.68Ra（Ra为大气中3He/4He的比值,为1.39×10-6）,温泉水逸出气体中幔源He贡献率变化范围为0.07%～7.8%,表明温泉气体中的He主要来自壳源,岷江断裂带内温泉水逸出气中的CO2主要来自地壳中的灰岩（75.00%～99.47%）。2017年发生了九寨沟MS7.0地震,研究发现地震前后温泉水地球化学特征有明显变化,但幔源He较低,表明无明显幔源He增加。因此,根据岷江断裂带温泉流体地球化学数据以及相关研究资料,建立了岷江断裂带深浅部流体耦合模型,对于今后判定岷江断裂带未来中强地震的短临前兆流体异常具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
7.
以安徽淮南采煤沉陷积水为研究对象,通过样品采集与测试,研究不同沉陷年限及类型积水水文地球化学和氢氧稳定同位素组成特征及影响因素.结果表明：（1）研究区水化学类型主要为Cl-Na、HCO3·Cl-Na型,沉陷积水中常量离子主要来源于蒸发岩溶解和硅酸盐风化,受蒸发作用和人为活动的影响明显,水化学组成随沉陷时间和类型变化不大.（2）淮南大气降水线方程为：δD=8.85δ18O+18.73,沉陷区积水氢氧稳定同位素值在淮南大气降水线右下方依次分布并接近降水线,表明沉陷积水主要来源于大气降水.（3）在降水稀释、水体蒸发及地下水补给的作用下,随着沉陷年限的增加,积水中重同位素越来越贫化,同一年限不同类型的积水同位素值变化较小. 相似文献
8.
为探究呼伦湖浮游植物群落的季节变化特征及其与环境因子的关系,本研究分别于2019年3、5—10月对呼伦湖浮游植物的种类、细胞密度和生物量及湖水水质进行调查.结果显示,共鉴定出120种浮游植物,隶属于7门72属.从浮游植物群落季节组成差异上来看,春季绿藻门种类数最多,其次是硅藻门、蓝藻门;夏秋季绿藻门种类数最多,蓝藻门次之;冬季硅藻门种类数最多,绿藻门次之.呼伦湖浮游植物优势种主要为硅藻门的梅尼小环藻（Cyclotella meneghiniana）、蓝藻门的卷曲长孢藻（Anabaena circinalis）和细小平裂藻（Merismopedia minima）,种类数在春季最多,秋冬季最少.浮游植物细胞密度在春季（123.52×104 cells/L）和冬季（16.41×104 cells/L）较夏季（280.80×104 cells/L）和秋季（380.63×104 cells/L）低,春冬季绿藻门细胞密度最高,夏秋季蓝藻门细胞密度最高.就浮游植物生物量而言,夏季（0.38 mg/L）最大,其次是秋季（0.26 mg/L）和春季（0.24 mg/L）,冬季（0.13 mg/L）最小.香农-威纳（Shannon-Wiener）多样性指数、均匀度指数和综合营养状态指数均表明呼伦湖水体处于中营养状态.冗余分析（RDA）表明：水温、叶绿素a、pH和营养盐浓度是影响呼伦湖浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子. 相似文献
9.
新疆艾比湖流域地表水丰水期和枯水期水质分异特征及污染源解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用2015年艾比湖流域54个采样点的10个地表水水质指标数据,首先利用水质指数模型(WQI)和地统计学方法对流域水质污染情况进行全局评价,然后利用层次聚类法、判别分析法和因子分析法分析艾比湖流域地表水丰水期和枯水期水质分异特征.在水质时空分异特征研究的基础上,利用主成分回归分析法对艾比湖流域水质进行污染源解析.结果表明:艾比湖流域丰水期WQI值介于38~70之间,枯水期WQI值介于31~71之间,艾比湖流域丰水期的地表水水质污染情况比枯水期严重,而艾比湖、博尔塔拉河和精河靠近艾比湖湖区的河道污染程度均比其他河道严重.由聚类分析和判别分析得出艾比湖流域丰水期和枯水期的水质采样点在空间上均被分成A、B两组,A组包括艾比湖湖区西部、奎屯河、古尔图河和四棵树河,B组包括艾比湖湖区东部、精河和博尔塔拉河.艾比湖流域丰水期和枯水期的水体主要受到化学需氧量、溶解氧、氨氮和悬浮物浓度等指标的影响,B组水质污染指标的值相比于A组的值偏高,B组区域内存在高污染企业,艾比湖流域水环境治理工作需主要集中在B组所包括的艾比湖湖区、博尔塔拉河和精河.(4)艾比湖湖区、精河和博尔塔拉河地表水体的污染主要来自于有机物污染和营养物质污染,其次为工矿业污染;而奎屯河、古尔图河、四棵树河地表水体的污染主要来自于有机物污染,其次为营养物质污染,生物污染的影响较为微弱.该研究结果可为艾比湖流域地表水水环境改善和治理提供一定参考. 相似文献
10.
内蒙古高原达里诺尔湖夏季水体稳定同位素变化特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
基于内蒙古高原寒-旱区达里诺尔湖（简称"达里湖"）相对集中的夏季大气降水、强烈的蒸发作用等典型区域气候环境特征,结合湖泊水体温度、盐度等理化指标变化,对夏季达里湖湖水、入湖河水、区域大气降水等样品中稳定氢、氧同位素（δD、δ18O）值变化进行了对比分析.结果显示：虽然整体上达里湖夏季水体并没有形成明显的物理性质"跃层"（如温跃层、盐跃层等）,水体理化指标的空间分布相对稳定,但是夏季湖水中δD、δ18O值却随着水深增加逐渐偏负：δD值由表层水体（0~1 m）到底层水体（7~9 m）偏负约1.40‰,δ18O值由表层水体到底层水体偏负约0.27‰.达里湖夏季"大气水线"为δD=8.22δ18O+6.82,显示大气降水中δD、δ18O值受季风降水效应影响的同时受到区域蒸发作用影响.特别是7、8月大气降水同位素变化受降水效应的影响比6、9月更明显,而6、9月大气降水同位素变化受蒸发作用的影响比7、8月更明显.这也导致达里湖夏季上层水体受大气降水的稀释作用影响显著;伴随水深的增加,降水效应及蒸发作用的混合影响逐渐减弱,底层水体受区域地下水补给过程等因素的影响则可能更加明显,即达里湖夏季上层水体和底层水体中稳定同位素组成变化的影响因素存在差异. 相似文献
11.
Tracer experiments were carried out in groyne fields (GF) of the river Elbe near Havelberg (Germany) in order to estimate the hydraulic connectivity with the river channel. The characteristic times of the five groyne fields, which were estimated from the exponentially declining tracer curves in 43 runs, ranged between 15 min and 69 min and did not correlate with the water level. Methodological investigations show that single point injection and two measurements (in the outflowing water and in the dominant region) are sufficient to provide robust in‐situ tracer curves. Using simplified mathematical simulations with connected stirred tanks, the conditions are investigated for the development of breaks in tracer curves and for the occurrence of significant errors in the estimation of intrinsic residence times. It was shown that an initial uniform dye distribution is not mandatory for the estimation during steady states. In special cases, point injections are more advisable. Moreover, the mean hydraulic residence time was found to be not equivalent to the estimated characteristic time. In fact, it is mostly overestimated by tracer experiments. The degree of overestimation depends on mixing and the volumetric proportions between the different parts of the GF and can be calculated from measured dye concentration differences. For example, an overestimation of 32% was calculated for a groyne field with a commonly found circulation flow pattern. 相似文献
12.
桑干河发源于山西宁武县, 向NE方向流经大同—阳原盆地和王家湾山地流入怀涿盆地。 桑干河阳原—涿鹿段河流阶地发育较好, 对其阶地的研究有助于更好地理解桑干河的演化及其流经区域的构造活动特征。 而桑干河阳原—涿鹿段地貌演化对了解阳原古湖和怀涿古湖的演变有重要意义。 本文通过遥感影像解译及对高分辨率DEM数据分析, 结合实地测量, 综合研究了阳原—涿鹿段桑干河阶地的发育特征。 结果表明, 该区的构造活动强烈, 经历了断块差异性升降运动; 受差异运动的影响, 该段桑干河经历了被分为东西两支河流, 最终又重新贯通的演化过程。 相似文献
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西藏和西南三江地区是青藏地区断裂构造最为复杂区域,历经数十年研究,对该区断裂构造的认识仍存在分歧.笔者以最新实测航磁数据并结合重力资料为基础,从重、磁场特征与地质构造研究相结合角度出发,新编制了西藏及西南三江地区的断裂构造格架图.研究结果表明,在西南三江流域的金沙江深断裂、澜沧江深断裂和怒江深断裂自南向北西延伸,没有与西藏地区的近东西向断裂呈弧形连接,而是一组独立存在的北西向断裂,这是在特提斯断裂系统中新发现的一组北西向断裂,它与发育在西藏地区的近东西向断裂分属于不同的断裂系,与前人提出的金沙江缝合带、龙木错—澜沧江缝合带和班公湖—怒江缝合带的走向呈北西—近东西向弧形分布特征的看法存在差异.这组断裂的发现改变了对西藏—西南三江地区断裂构造格架的认识,这为今后大地构造研究提出新的启示.文章重点展现西南三江(金沙江、澜沧江、怒江)深断裂带在重、磁场上的西延状况,并探讨了西南三江深断裂与西藏地区近东西向深断裂呈相交关系特征,同时也表明重、磁资料用于断裂构造的研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
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Giovanni Vezzoli Eduardo Garzanti Stephen J. Vincent Sergio Andò Andrew Carter Alberto Resentini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(8):1101-1114
This article investigates landscape characteristics and sediment composition in the western Greater Caucasus by using multiple methods at different timescales. Our ultimate goal is to compare short‐term versus long‐term trends in erosional processes and to reconstruct spatio‐temporal changes in sediment fluxes as controlled by partitioning of crustal shortening and rock uplift in the orogenic belt. Areas of active recent uplift are assessed by quantitative geomorphological techniques [digital elevation model (DEM) analysis of stream profiles and their deviation from equilibrium] and compared with regions of rapid exhumation over longer time intervals as previously determined by fission‐track and cosmogenic‐nuclide analyses. Complementary information from petrographic and heavy‐mineral analyses of modern sands and ancient sandstones is used to evaluate erosion integrated throughout the history of the orogen. River catchments displaying the highest relief, as shown by channel‐steepness indices, correspond with the areas of most rapid exhumation as outlined by thermochronological data. The region of high stream gradients is spatially associated with the highest topography around Mount Elbrus, where sedimentary cover strata have long been completely eroded and river sediments display the highest metamorphic indices and generally high heavy‐mineral concentrations. This study reinforces the suggestion that the bedrock–channel network can reveal much of the evolution of tectonically active landscapes, and implies that the controls on channel gradient ultimately dictate the topography and the relief along the Greater Caucasus. Our integrated datasets, obtained during a decade of continuing research, display a general agreement and regularity of erosion patterns through time, and consistently indicate westward decreasing rates of erosional unroofing from the central part of the range to the Black Sea. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Numerical study of the effects of check dams on erosion and sedimentation in the Pachang River 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Scouring and deposition processes resulting from variable rainfall and typhoon occurrence in tropical climatic conditions induce significant changes in the riverbeds of Taiwan. Along the Pachang River of western Taiwan, severe damage occurs during typhoons due to large and sudden variations in discharge, erosion, sediment transport and deposition. In order to simulate this process, the NETSTARS numerical modeling tool was used in the present paper. The influence of existing and planned check dam structures on flow control was also analyzed to determine their capacity to resist river erosion or to not be buried beneath sediments. Not only does the modeling tool allow calculation of the erosion-deposition behavior at the scale of the whole river, but it also provides local determination of the optimum location and characteristics such as foundation depth and lateral encroachment of future check dams. The results of a 10-year, long-term modeling simulation in terms of riverbed stability and scouring potential thus provide insights about unsafe future behavior at 4 sites. This numerical model provides a better general understanding and useful information for the optimal prevention of both the scouring damage and the burial related to sediment deposition with large changes in discharge and sediment transport. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT In this study, the distributed catchment-scale model, DiCaSM, was applied on five catchments across the UK. Given its importance, river flow was selected to study the uncertainty in streamflow prediction using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology at different timescales (daily, monthly, seasonal and annual). The uncertainty analysis showed that the observed river flows were within the predicted bounds/envelope of 5% and 95% percentiles. These predicted river flow bounds contained most of the observed river flows, as expressed by the high containment ratio, CR. In addition to CR, other uncertainty indices – bandwidth B, relative bandwidth RB, degrees of asymmetry S and T, deviation amplitude D, relative deviation amplitude RD and the R factor – also indicated that the predicted river flows have acceptable uncertainty levels. The results show lower uncertainty in predicted river flows when increasing the timescale from daily to monthly to seasonal, with the lowest uncertainty associated with annual flows. 相似文献
17.
Northeastern(NE) Thailand is well recognized as the land for rice cropping and consequently, it is potentially contaminated with chemicals from soil fertilization, pest/weed control, and urban discharges.The Mun River basin in NE Thailand principally is comprised of rice paddies and sedimentation in the river has been pronounced, but the studies on sediment source identification are limited. The current study aims to identify sediment sources in the Mun River basin and discuss possible impacts o... 相似文献
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In order to achieve the integrated river basin management in the arid and rapid developing region, the Heihe River Basin (HRB) in Northwestern China, one of critical river basins were selected as a representative example, while the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) in Australia and the Colorado River Basin (CRB) in the USA were selected for comparative analysis in this paper. Firstly, the comparable characters and hydrological contexts of these three watersheds were introduced in this paper. Then, based on comparative studies on the river basin challenges in terms of the drought, intensive irrigation, and rapid industrialization, the hydrological background of the MDB, the CRB and the HRB was presented. Subsequently, the river management strategies were compared in three aspects: water allocation, water organizations, and water act and scientific projects. Finally, we proposed recommendations for integrated river basin management for the HRB: (1) Water allocation strategies should be based on laws and markets on the whole basin; (2) Public participation should be stressed by the channels between governance organizations and local communities; (3) Scientific research should be integrated into river management to understand the interactions between the human and nature. 相似文献
20.
Maps of satellite-derived estimates of monthly averaged chlorophyll a concentration over the northern West Florida Shelf show interannual variations concentrated near the coastline, but also extending offshore over the shelf in a tongue-like pattern from the Apalachicola River during the late winter and early spring. These anomalies are significantly correlated with interannual variability in the flow rate of the Apalachicola River, which is linked to the precipitation anomalies over the watershed, over a region extending 150–200 km offshore out to roughly the 100 m isobath. This study examines the variability of the Apalachicola River and its impacts on the variability of water properties over the northern West Florida Shelf. A series of numerical model experiments show that episodic wind-driven offshore transport of the Apalachicola River plume is a likely physical mechanism for connecting the variability of the river discharge with oceanic variability over the middle and outer shelf. 相似文献