共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
CT淋巴管造影成像（CTL）是直接淋巴管造影（DLG）和MSCT相结合的多模态影像学检查方法,是目前诊断淋巴回流障碍性疾病的重要影像学技术。为了更好地在临床上推广普及和提高此技术的使用率及成功率,本文通过CTL的成像技术和扫描参数、适应症或优缺点以及在诊断淋巴管疾病中的临床应用价值等多个方面进行综述,旨在让相关临床和影像科医师进一步了解和掌握,并能实现该技术临床上安全有效的开展和精准诊断。 相似文献
2.
目的:探讨糖尿病性夏科氏（Charcot）足的影像学特征特点，为诊断提供临床依据。材料和方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年9月间本院16例经手术治疗的糖尿病性夏科氏足影像学表现。结果:16个病例均存在不同程度的局部破溃感染、渗液。X线表现描述骨质疏松13人，骨质破坏10人，骨质增生6人，关节畸形12人（包括足部小关节），骨断裂1人，关节面/关节间隙变化4人，软组织肿胀11人。CT和MRI显示足部结构紊乱，各骨形态异常，关节对位不良。MRI提示骨髓、软组织水肿，液体信号异常。CTA可见小腿动静脉瘘。结论:糖尿病性夏科氏足的影像学诊断以骨质破坏与塑性为主，影像学表现早期难与其他疾病相鉴别，需根据临床患者糖尿病周围神经病变病史及CT和MRI相结合，CTA在夏科氏足的诊断中有其独特的影像提示。 相似文献
3.
类风湿关节炎（RA）早期便可并发肌少症,肌少症可增加RA患者骨质疏松、骨折等疾病的风险。RA患者处于活动期时,力量和功能的评估受限于关节活动,因此对肌肉量及肌肉质量的评估尤为重要。影像学检查技术可定量评估RA患者的肌肉量及肌肉质量,是诊断RA相关肌少症的重要手段。本文旨在对各种影像学技术在RA相关肌少症中的研究进展进行总结。 相似文献
4.
节细胞神经瘤（GN）又称神经节细胞瘤，是一种极为罕见（1/100 000）、生长缓慢的良性肿瘤，术前诊断有赖于影像学检查，有时难以确诊。CT临床普及率高，在纵隔病变的检出、诊断中广泛应用，现就本院诊治的1例纵隔巨大GN的CT表现进行总结分析并复习相关文献，提高该疾病CT诊断水平。 相似文献
5.
探讨不同原因的梗阻性输尿管积水的MSCT表现及价值.回顾性分析76例经手术和临床证实的梗阻性积水的影像学资料.76例病例的病因MSCT均准确诊断,其中常见疾病输尿管结石肿瘤占75%,少见疾病占25%.MSCT不仅能准确诊断引起输尿管梗阻性积水的常见疾病,而且也能准确诊断一些少见疾病,是诊断梗阻性输尿管积水最准确的检查手段之一. 相似文献
6.
淋巴管发育异常性病变是儿童较常见的脉管性病变,本文通过不同的影像学成像技术、成像方法对淋巴回流障碍、淋巴管扩张症、淋巴管畸形、淋巴管瘤病的影像学特点及疾病的解剖基础和病理生理机制进行综述,直观地显示淋巴发育异常性疾病特征性的影像改变,为临床诊治淋巴管疾病提供精准的和适当的诊疗信息及监测疗效的手段。 相似文献
7.
本文介绍1例罕见的发生于鼻咽部的颈部坏死性筋膜炎（CNF）。该患者以顽固性慢性化脓性中耳炎就诊,进行包括CT、MRI及PET/CT在内的影像学检查,均误诊为鼻咽癌。最终该患者通过鼻咽肿物活检术确诊为CNF。本文通过回顾性分析该患者的影像学表现及误诊原因,总结出CT、MRI、PET/CT在CNF早期诊断中的特征和要点,为其临床精准诊断提供重要的帮助。 相似文献
8.
目前,胰腺的影像学诊断逐渐从常规CT扫描单一的形态学诊断向CT灌注形态和功能学并重诊断转变;CT灌注是在常规CT扫描基础上发展起来的一种功能影像成像技术,通过CT灌注观察胰腺微循环变化可以早期诊断胰腺疾病,在胰腺疾病研究领域中是热点;用常规条件行CT灌注扫描,明显地增加了患者的辐射剂量,如何行低辐射剂量CT灌注成为当前重点探讨方向。本文综述胰腺低剂量CT灌注扫描成像技术应用现状及研究趋势。 相似文献
9.
脊柱创伤的影像诊断技术评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
脊柱损伤是临床上的常见病、多发病，如何对脊柱损伤给出正确的影像学评价，是临床医生与影像医生面临的共同课题，影像学的任务是建立创伤的诊断，分类、判断属稳定与不稳定性骨折，当影像诊断与临床表现不一致时给出符合实际的评价，骨质畸形最好的诊断方法是螺旋CT，其次是平片上，软组织损伤，如脊髓损伤，韧带断裂最好的评价手段是MRI，骨折分类依赖于损伤的力学机制与骨折部位，正确合理及时选用各种影像学检查方法，才可能及时，准确地做出脊柱创伤的正确诊断。 相似文献
10.
通过病理学研究肺癌的部分癌基因、抑痛基因及肿瘤微血管密度变化,并分析这些肺癌的影像学表现及征象,找出其中对影像学诊断肺癌具有定性价值的征象,从而使肺癌的分子生物学与影像学紧密联系起来,以便更加及时、准确地从影像学的角度诊断肺癌.同时运用影像学手段显示组织水平、细胞和亚细胞水平的特定分子,反映活体状态下分子水平变化,对其生物学行为在影像方面进行定性和定量研究. 相似文献
11.
12.
Seasonal variations in coastal debris on Awaji Island, Japan 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Shimizu T Nakai J Nakajima K Kozai N Takahashi G Matsumoto M Kikui J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(1-5):182-186
The subject of our study was Awaji Island, an island located in the west of Japan that is surrounded by sea and that has serious problems relating to coastal debris. We conducted a long-term investigation focusing on three beaches and evaluated the results. The study was designed to develop an understanding of the actual situation, to inform local citizens, and raise their concerns about the problem of debris with a view to taking action against it. We obtained the following results: the amount, type, and ratio of debris changed according to weather and ocean conditions; debris also differs according to geographical conditions; social and economic activities of the surrounding area influence the type of debris encountered. Following this study, we have continued our investigation, and are continuing to gather data. At the same time, it is important to spread our ideas and enlighten people so as to encourage them not to dump debris. We hope that these actions manage to raise the level of consciousness among local citizens and to expand their anti-debris activities. 相似文献
13.
Data use and information creation: challenges for marine scientists and for managers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the coastal waters of European countries and in the offshore waters of the north-east Atlantic, there is an increasing need for scientists to meet challenging objectives, such as to identify meaningful measures of 'quality', and to recommend 'indicators' to underpin implementation of directives, conventions, statutes and other more informal national and international initiatives. Those indicators may relate to particular species or habitats, to changes in physical and chemical characteristics, and even to the use to which the system is put. The problems to be overcome are difficult, but new and developing approaches will make a significant contribution. The approaches include: criteria to identify 'sensitivity' and 'importance', structures to organise information and electronic information resources to access data.The real challenge is to make the results of the various scientific initiatives relevant to and understandable by a wide range of customers with similar overlapping requirements, and thus make a genuine contribution to protecting the marine environment. Above and beyond that is the need for scientists to drive the agenda to enable real and lasting progress to be made towards ecosystem-based management of our seas and a proper consideration of what 'sustainability' may mean in the marine environment and how we utilise its resources. 相似文献
14.
《Advances in water resources》1999,23(1):1-13
The self-calibrated method has been extended for the generation of equally likely realizations of transmissivity and storativity conditional to transmissivity and storativity data and to steady-state and transient hydraulic head data. Conditioning to transmissivity and storativity data is achieved by means of standard geostatistical co-simulation algorithms, whereas conditioning to hydraulic head data, given its non-linear relation to transmissivity and storativity, is achieved through non-linear optimization, similar to standard inverse algorithms. The algorithm is demonstrated in a synthetic study based on data from the WIPP site in New Mexico. Seven alternative scenarios are investigated, generating 100 realizations for each of them. The differences among the scenarios range from the number of conditioning data, to their spatial configuration, to the pumping strategies at the pumping wells. In all scenarios, the self-calibrated algorithm is able to generate transmissivity–storativity realization couples conditional to all the sample data. For the specific case studied here the results are not surprising. Of the piezometric head data, the steady-state values are the most consequential for transmissivity characterization. Conditioning to transient head data only introduces local adjustments on the transmissivity fields and serves to improve the characterization of the storativity fields. 相似文献
15.
This paper presents the analytical properties of the sensitivity of the two-dimensional, steady-state groundwater flow equation to the flow parameters and to the boundary conditions, based on the perturbation approach. These analytical properties are used to provide guidelines for model design, model calibration and monitoring network design. The sensitivity patterns are shown to depend on the nature of both the perturbed parameter and the variable investigated. Indeed, the sensitivity of the hydraulic head to the hydraulic conductivity extends mainly in the flow direction, while the sensitivity to the recharge spreads radially. Besides, the sensitivity of the flow longitudinal velocity to the hydraulic conductivity propagates in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, whereas the sensitivity of the flow transverse velocity propagates in the diagonal directions to the flow. The analytical results are confirmed by application examples on idealized and real-world simulations. These analytical findings allow some general rules to be established for model design, model calibration and monitoring network design. In particular, the optimal location of measurement points depends on the nature of the variable of interest. Measurement network design thus proves to be problem-dependent. Moreover, adequate monitoring well network design may allow to discriminate between the possible sources of error. 相似文献
16.
使用接收函数研究壳幔速度间断面和速度结构已是常用的技术,但介质各向异性或倾斜的莫霍(Moho)界面,都会造成接收函数波形的复杂性。本文利用远震P波接收函数计算台站下方的地壳各向异性,通过信噪比测试和谐波分析两种方法来验证各向异性结果的可靠性。通过甘肃地震台网的两个台站记录,讨论各向异性和倾斜界面对接收函数的影响,结果显示,台站BYT(白银)下方具有各向异性,而台站WYT(渭源)下方由于可能存在倾斜界面,得到的各向异性结果则有待进一步分析。为了更好地认识倾斜界面对各向异性计算结果的影响,采用合成理论地震图,计算接收函数,然后利用合成接收函数进行各向异性分析。结果表明,计算得到的快波方向不会受到倾斜界面的影响,但是时间延迟会受到影响。 相似文献
17.
R. M. Maxwell W. E. Kastenberg 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1999,13(4):231-250
In response to recent activity and legislation concerning lead and its role in electric vehicle development, a model has
been developed to assess the health risks to residents from environmental lead emissions. This model may be used to predict
the risks to residents in the vicinity of facilities discharging lead into the air. This model is also important for risk
management, allowing for risk-based regulations regarding limits on lead emissions. The model is comprehensive, linking together
a source term, air dispersion model, household exposure model, physiologically-based pharmakokinetic blood-lead model, and
a determination of reference dose. Parameters are treated as distributions, and are considered either uncertain or variable.
A range of physiological and behavioral parameters are used to distinguish between various age and gender groups, to reflect
the variability in risk of adverse effect to these subsets of the exposed population. A sensitivity study is performed, including
a case considering the uncertainty in reference dose which is compared to the case of a deterministic reference dose. Different
types of variability are investigated, the variability across sensitive sub-populations of age and gender, and the individual
variability within these populations. We found that the differentiation between uncertainty and variability in predicting
non-cancer risk human health risk was important, and that methods that combined uncertainty and variability were not expected
to be protective to sensitive individuals within a sub-population. 相似文献
18.
Elkhayam M. Dorra Peter J. Stafford Ahmed Y. Elghazouli 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2013,11(4):1217-1257
The Egyptian economy and culture are centralized in the Greater Cairo region. Thus, it is essential that the built environment is able to withstand the possible earthquake events that may occur, and to continue to operate and function. Failure to do so would result in significant economic losses. This study presents the latter stages of a multi-tiered probabilistic earthquake loss estimation model for Greater Cairo and builds upon previous studies of the seismic hazard. In order to assess possible damage to the built environment, and the resulting economic losses, the vulnerability of the built environment is first evaluated. Through the use of satellite images, Egypts building census, previous studies and field surveys, a building-stock inventory is compiled. This building inventory is classified according to structural type and height, and is geocoded by district. Using existing fragility curves, the vulnerability of the building stock is assessed. In addition, the vulnerability of both the electricity and natural gas networks are assessed, through the use of fragility curves, cut sets and an evaluation of the supply networks. Based on the assessment of direct losses, the losses associated with building damage far exceed those associated with the considered network infrastructure. A macro-economic model is developed that takes into account damage to the built environment and provides estimates of indirect economic losses, as well as enabling the identification of the optimal recovery process. Using this model, it is shown that the indirect losses can exceed direct losses for extreme scenarios where the economy is brought to a near standstill. The framework developed and presented herein can be extended to include more networks, and is also applicable to other regions. 相似文献
19.
The present work evaluates the possibility of using dynamic data to assess structural integrity. It addresses the problem of understanding when it is sufficient to measure and use only natural frequencies, thus avoiding the need to measure modal shapes. The classic problem of detecting damage in beams, or beam assemblies, due to concentrated cracks, or damage spread over a structural member is dealt with. Damage is represented as a decrease in stiffness and linear behaviour before and after the event assumed to have caused damage is considered. Damage is restricted to a few unknown sections or elements, so that only the modification of few parameters of the system need to be determined. This study thus rejects assumptions unrelated to the physical aspects of the problem, in contrast to many papers on the subject. The amount of data to locate and quantify damage correctly is discussed; general considerations lead to the conclusion that a unique and reliable estimate of the damage can be obtained using only few additional frequency data with respect to the number of damaged zones. Continuous and discrete (finite element) models are examined. Finally the paper considers the applications to both analytical and experimental data of the procedure developed, which takes account of the peculiar characteristics of damage detection problem. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Hyun-Han Kwon Young-Il Moon 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,20(4):223-237
Hydrologic risk analysis for dam safety relies on a series of probabilistic analyses of rainfall-runoff and flow routing models, and their associated inputs. This is a complex problem in that the probability distributions of multiple independent and derived random variables need to be estimated in order to evaluate the probability of dam overtopping. Typically, parametric density estimation methods have been applied in this setting, and the exhaustive Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) of models is used to derive some of the distributions. Often, the distributions used to model some of the random variables are inappropriate relative to the expected behaviour of these variables, and as a result, simulations of the system can lead to unrealistic values of extreme rainfall or water surface levels and hence of the probability of dam overtopping. In this paper, three major innovations are introduced to address this situation. The first is the use of nonparametric probability density estimation methods for selected variables, the second is the use of Latin Hypercube sampling to improve the efficiency of MCS driven by the multiple random variables, and the third is the use of Bootstrap resampling to determine initial water surface level. An application to the Soyang Dam in South Korea illustrates how the traditional parametric approach can lead to potentially unrealistic estimates of dam safety, while the proposed approach provides rather reasonable estimates and an assessment of their sensitivity to key parameters. 相似文献