共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 715 毫秒
1.
The present work deals with 1D and 2D ground response analysis and liquefaction analysis of alluvial soil deposits from Kanpur region along Indo-Gangetic plains. Standard penetration tests and seismic down hole tests have been conducted at four locations namely IITK, Nankari village, Mandhana and Bithoor at 1.5 m interval up to a depth of 30 m below the ground surface to find the variation of penetration blows and the shear wave velocity along the depth. From the selected sites undisturbed as well as representative soil samples have been collected for detailed soil classification. The soil profiles from four sites have been considered for 1D and 2D ground response analysis by applying the free field motions of three Himalayan earthquakes namely Chamba earthquake (Mw—5.1), Chamoli earthquake (Mw—6.4) and Uttarkashi earthquake (Mw—6.5). An average value of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) obtained from 1D and 2D analysis is considered for liquefaction analysis and post-liquefaction settlement. The excess pore water pressure ratio is greater than 0.8 at a depth of 24 m from ground surface for IITK, Nankari village, Bithoor sites. More than 50% of post liquefaction settlement is contributed by layers from 21–30 m for all sites. In general, the soil deposits in Kanpur region have silty sand and sand deposits and are prone to liquefaction hazards due to drastic decrease of cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) at four chosen sites in Kanpur. 相似文献
2.
In western India during the Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.6) on January 26, 2001, the Anjar City at ~30 km southwest of Bhuj experienced three types of damage scenario: severely damaged, less damaged and non-damaged. Similar damage patterns were also observed for the 1819 (Mw 7.8) and the 1956 (Mw 6.0) earthquakes. Microtremor array measurements were conducted in and around the Anjar city to examine the strength of soil structures and damage pattern. Significant differences are observed in frequencies and amplitudes in horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) using microtremor measurements. The severely- damaged site shows two peak amplitudes: 2.8 at 1.2 Hz; and 4.0 at 8.0 Hz. The less-damaged site also shows two amplitudes: 2.5 and 2.1 at 1.4 Hz; and 2.0 Hz, respectively. The non-damaged site, on the other hand, shows that the HVSR curves become almost flatter. Similar results for three types of damage scenario based on analyses of earthquake records are also observed for the study area. The microtremor array measurements has revealed shear wave velocity Vs≥400 m/s at 18 m depth in the non-damaged, at 40 m in the less-damaged and at 60 m depth in the severely-damaged sites. The site amplitudes and the Vs values show a good correlation with the soil characteristics and damage pattern, suggesting that strength of soil layers at varying depths is a dictating factor for the estimate of the earthquake risk evaluation of the area under study. 相似文献
3.
The seismic history of the city of Ragusa (Italy), the geotechnical characterisation of the subsoil and the site response analysis should be correctly evaluated for the definition of the Seismic Geotechnical Hazard of the city of Ragusa, through geo-settled seismic microzoning maps. Basing on the seismic history of the city of Ragusa, the following earthquake scenarios have been considered: the “Val di Noto” earthquake of January 11, 1693 (with intensity X–XI on MCS scale, magnitude MW=7.41 and epicentral distance of about 53 km); the “Etna” earthquake of February 20, 1818 (with intensity IX on MCS scale, magnitude MW=6.23 and epicentral distance of about 64 km); the Vizzini earthquake of April 13, 1895 (with intensity I=VII–VIII on MCS scale, magnitude MW=5.86 and epicentral distance of about 26 km); the “Modica” earthquake of January 23, 1980 (with intensity I=V–VI on MCS scale, magnitude MW=4.58 and epicentral distance of about 10 km); the “Sicilian” earthquake of December 13, 1990 (with intensity I=VII on MCS scale, magnitude MW=5.64 and epicentral distance of about 50 km). Geotechnical characterisation has been performed by in situ and laboratory tests, with the definition of shear wave velocity profiles in the upper 30 m of soil. Soil response analyses have been evaluated for about 120 borings location by some non-linear 1-D models. Finally the seismic microzonation of the city of Ragusa has been obtained in terms of maps with different peak ground acceleration at the surface; shaking maps for the central area of the city of Ragusa were generated via GIS for the earthquake scenarios. 相似文献
4.
The liquefaction potential of soils is traditionally assessed through geotechnical approaches based on the calculation of the cyclical stress ratio (CSR) induced by the expected earthquake and the ‘resistance’ provided by the soil, which is quantified through standard penetration (SPT), cone penetration (CPT), or similar tests. In more recent years, attempts to assess the liquefaction potential have also been made through measurement of shear wave velocity (VS) in boreholes or from the surface. The latter approach has the advantage of being non-invasive and low cost and of surveying lines rather than single points. However, the resolution of seismic surface techniques is lower than that of borehole techniques and it is still debated whether it is sufficient to assess the liquefaction potential.In this paper we focus our attention on surface seismic techniques (specifically the popular passive and active seismic techniques based on the correlation of surface waves such as ReMiTM, MASW, ESAC, SSAP, etc.) and explore their performance in assessing the liquefaction susceptibility of soils. The experimental dataset is provided by the two main seismic events of ML=5.9 and 5.8 (MW=6.1, MW=6.0) that struck the Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy) on May 20 and 29, 2012, after which extensive liquefaction phenomena were documented in an area of 1200 km2.The CPT and drillings available in the area allow us to classify the soils into four classes: A) shallow liquefied sandy soils, B) shallow non-liquefied sandy soils, C) deep non-liquefied sandy soils, and D) clayey–silty soils, and to determine that on average class A soils presented a higher sand content at the depth of 5–8 m compared to class B soils, where sand was dominant in the upper 5 m. Surface wave active–passive surveys were performed at 84 sites, and it was found that they were capable of discriminating among only three soil classes, since class A and B soils showed exactly the same VS distribution, and it is possible to show both experimentally and theoretically that they appear not to have sufficient resolution to address the seismic liquefaction issue.As a last step, we applied the state-of-the art CSR–VS method to assess the liquefaction potential of sandy deposits and we found that it failed in the studied area. This might be due to the insufficient resolution of the surface wave methods in assessing the Vs of thin layers and to the fact that Vs scales with the square root of the shear modulus, which implies an intrinsic lower sensitivity of Vs to the shear resistance of the soil compared to parameters traditionally measured with the penetration tests. However, it also emerged that the pure observation of the surface wave dispersion curves at their simplest level (i.e. in the frequency domain, with no inversion) is still potentially informative and can be used to identify the sites where more detailed surveys to assess the liquefaction potential are recommended. 相似文献
5.
The objective of this study was to explore the slope position and land use change effects on the variability in magnetic susceptibility and 137Cs inventory as the soil redistribution indicators in a hilly semiarid calcareous area in Iran. The selected study area is located in a hilly region with pasture and cultivation land use of Fereydunshahr, Isfahan Province in west-central Iran. In the two mentioned dominant ecosystems, four slope positions including summit, shoulder, backslope and footslope were identified and in each land use and slope position, three cores were selected to collect 72 soil samples from three depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm) in an area of 15 × 15 cm. Additional 28 soil samples were collected from the reference site for soil loss and deposition calculations by using the Cs-137 measurement. The results of the study with the use of the Cs-137 technique showed that the average soil loss in the pasture land (46.4 t ha− 1 yr− 1) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the average soil loss in the cultivated land (80.4 t ha− 1 yr− 1). The highest soil loss in both land uses was obtained in the shoulder position, 60.1 and 84.4 t ha− 1 yr− 1, respectively, for the pasture and cultivated lands. Moreover, the highest rates of soil deposition was observed in a footslope position in both land uses and they were 34 and 32.4 t ha− 1 yr− 1 for the pasture and cultivated lands, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in pasture (χlf = 41.51 × 10− 8 m3/kg) than in the cultivated land (χlf = 34.90 × 10− 8 m3/kg). The pasture land with a lower soil loss rate, indicated significantly higher magnetic susceptibility in all landform positions as compared to that in the cultivated land. The results of the correlation analysis showed that among the studied soil physico-chemical properties, χlf (r = 0.83, p < 0.01) in the pasture land had the highest correlation with the Cs-137 inventory. Throughout the non-linear regression analysis, χlf was introduced for relating soil parameters and the cesium inventory explained 68% and 79% of the total variability of 137Cs in the pasture and cultivated lands, respectively. The results implied that the variability in the magnetic susceptibility within the hillslope is consistent with the variation of the Cs-inventory; and the results thus demonstrate the slope and land use effects on soil redistribution. 相似文献
6.
The city of Catania (Italy) in the South-Eastern Sicily has been affected in past times by several destroying earthquakes with high values of estimated magnitude. The seismogenic area to the south of Volcano Etna, known as Iblean Area, is placed between the African and the Euro-Asiatic plates on the west of the Ibleo-Maltese escarpment, to the south of the Graben of the Sicilian channel and on the east of the overlapping front of Gela. Basing on the seismic history of Catania, the following earthquake scenarios have been considered: the “Val di Noto” earthquake of January 11, 1693 (with intensity X-XI on MCS scale, magnitude MW=7.41 and epicentral distance of about 13 km); the “Etna” earthquake of February 20, 1818 (with intensity IX on MCS scale, magnitude MW=6.23 and epicentral distance of about 10 km). The soil response analysis at the surface, in terms of time history and response spectra, has been obtained by 1-D equivalent linear models for about 1200 borings location available in the data-bank of the central area of Catania of about 50 km2, using deterministic design scenario earthquakes as input at the conventional bedrock.Seismic microzoning maps of the city of Catania have been obtained in terms of different peak ground acceleration at the surface and in terms of amplification ratios for given values of frequency. 相似文献
7.
Shaking table tests were conducted on saturated clean Vietnam sand in the large biaxial laminar shear box (1880 mm×1880 mm×1520 mm) at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE), Taiwan. The settlement of sand specimens was measured and evaluated during and after each shaking test. Without liquefaction, the settlement of sand caused by shaking is very small. Significant volume changes occur only when there is liquefaction of sand. The volumetric strain of liquefied sand was calculated according to the measured settlement and the thickness of liquefied sand in the specimen. Relations between volumetric strain after liquefaction and the relative density of saturated clean sand were developed for various shaking durations and earthquake magnitudes. They are not affected by the shaking amplitude, frequency, and direction (one- or multidirectional shaking). 相似文献
8.
In a typical seismic dam safety evaluation, standard penetration, cone penetration, Becker penetration, or shear wave velocity (Vs) tests are often first conducted near the toe of an earth dam to infer if any liquefiable soil exists in the foundation of the dam footprint. In current practice, a level-ground condition is commonly assumed when normalizing penetration resistance and Vs, and may be assumed (particularly in preliminary assessments) in applying the cyclic stress method (with or without the Kα correction) to evaluate liquefaction. However, the presence of an earth dam, or any other large embankment or structure, significantly alters the normal and shear stresses in the foundation. This paper identifies and quantifies potential errors in ignoring altered stresses near heavy structures, and presents a methodology to incorporate these effects within the framework of the simplified procedure. Specifically, the effects of these altered stresses (in comparison to the level-ground assumption with and without Kα correction) on the: (1) normalization of field measurements such as penetration resistance and Vs; (2) cyclic stress ratio (CSR); (3) cyclic resistance ratio (CRR); and (4) factor of safety against liquefaction triggering (FSliq), are evaluated by considering static and dynamic analyses of a generic earthen embankment (60 m high) resting on a saturated, cohesionless foundation (30 m deep). Our analyses indicated that ignoring the presence of induced static shear stresses can result in potentially unconservative errors in overburden correction factors of 30% to 60% at shallow depth (although this error is greatly muted at depths exceeding about 15 m), while errors in CSR potentially can range from about 20% too conservative to 40% unconservative. Potential errors in CRR can approach 50% unconservative at shallow depths, but again, this error is muted at depths exceeding about 15 m. Combining these factors, potentially unconservative errors in computing FSliq could exceed 100% at shallow depths (less than 15 m to 20 m) while at greater depth (exceeding 20 m) errors approach 20% on the conservative side. 相似文献
9.
It is understood that sample size could be an issue in earthquake statistical studies, causing the best estimate being too deterministic or less representative derived from limited statistics from observation. Like many Bayesian analyses and estimates, this study shows another novel application of the Bayesian approach to earthquake engineering, using prior data to help compensate the limited observation for the target problem to estimate the magnitude of the recurring Meishan earthquake in central Taiwan. With the Bayesian algorithms developed, the Bayesian analysis suggests that the next major event induced by the Meishan fault in central Taiwan should be in Mw 6.44±0.33, based on one magnitude observation of Mw 6.4 from the last event, along with the prior data including fault length of 14 km, rupture width of 15 km, rupture area of 216 km2, average displacement of 0.7 m, slip rate of 6 mm/yr, and five earthquake empirical models. 相似文献
10.
Kuo-En Ching Kaj M. Johnson Ruey-Juin Rau Ray Y. Chuang Long-Chen Kuo Pei-Ling Leu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2011,301(1-2):78-86
We invert measurements of coseismic displacements from 139 continuously recorded GPS sites from the 2010, Jiashian, Taiwan earthquake to solve for fault geometry and slip distribution using an elastic uniform stress drop inversion. The earthquake occurred at a depth of ~ 23 km in an area between the Western Foothills fold-and-thrust belt and the crystalline high mountains of the Central Range, providing an opportunity to examine the deep fault structure under Taiwan. The inferred rupture plane is oblique to the prominent orientation of thrust faults and parallel to several previously recognized NW-striking transfer zones that appear to connect stepping thrusts. We find that a fault striking 318°–344° with dip of 26°–41° fits the observations well with oblique reverse-sinistral slip under a low stress drop of about 0.5 MPa. The derived geodetic moment of 2.92 × 1018 N-m is equivalent to a Mw = 6.24 earthquake. Coseismic slip is largely concentrated within a circular patch with a 10-km radius at the depth between 10 and 24 km and maximum slip of 190 mm. We suggest this earthquake ruptured the NW-striking Chishan transfer fault zone, which we interpret as a listric NE-dipping lateral ramp with oblique slip connecting stepping thrust faults (ramps). The inferred slip on the lateral ramp is considerably deeper than the 7–15 km deep detachment identified in previous studies of western Taiwan. We infer an active basal detachment under western Taiwan at a depth of at least ~ 20–23 km based on these inversion results. The earthquake may have nucleated at the base of the lateral ramp near the intersection with the basal detachment. Coulomb stress change calculations suggest that this earthquake moved several NE-striking active thrust faults in western Taiwan nearer to failure. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2007,61(3-4):201-212
Windsor–Essex County is a major cross-border truck and transportation route, with significant localized industrialization as well as rural and farming areas. Magnetic property measurements (in-field and laboratory susceptibility, frequency-dependent susceptibility, hysteresis properties, thermomagnetic and thermosusceptibility curves, anhysteretic and isothermal magnetizations) were made in order to determine the potential for using such variables to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic pollutants. In-field magnetic susceptibility measured on 324 soil sampling sites on a 0.5–2 km grid spacing through Windsor–Essex County ranged from 3.7 × 10− 6 to 305.2 × 10− 6 SI (average 36.2 ± 35.8 × 10− 6 SI), and showed that high magnetic susceptibility values were obtained on soil sampling sites in and around the cities/towns of Windsor, Harrow, Olinda and Oakland and near the beaches of Point Pelee National Park (PPNP) and Deerbrook, whereas lower susceptibility values were observed in near the towns of Lakeshore and Essex. On this grid spacing, Highway 401 (the major truck route) did not show anomalous susceptibility values; however, closer (1–3 m) sampling on other roads did show anomalously high values, suggesting that the coarser grid spacing may have missed anomalies. Laboratory measurements indicated that the dominant magnetic mineral in the Windsor–Essex County soils is magnetite; however, the grain size is variable. Pseudo-single domain (PSD)–multidomain (MD) magnetite is generally found on beaches and in PPNP, whereas single domain (SD)–PSD magnetite has been found near the City of Windsor and other towns. While certain correlations exist between some anthropogenic activities and the measured magnetic susceptibility and magnetic property values, no overall correlation can be made. A variety of geologic and anthropogenic factors must be considered when interpreting the origin of the magnetic signal in a particular area. 相似文献
12.
Many authors have proposed that the study of seismicity rates is an appropriate technique for evaluating how close a seismic gap may be to rupture. We designed an algorithm for identification of patterns of significant seismic quiescence by using the definition of seismic quiescence proposed by Schreider (1990). This algorithm shows the area of quiescence where an earthquake of great magnitude may probably occur. We have applied our algorithm to the earthquake catalog on the Mexican Pacific coast located between 14 and 21 degrees of North latitude and 94 and 106 degrees West longitude; with depths less than or equal to 60 km and magnitude greater than or equal to 4.3, which occurred from January, 1965 until December, 2014. We have found significant patterns of seismic quietude before the earthquakes of Oaxaca (November 1978, Mw = 7.8), Petatlán (March 1979, Mw = 7.6), Michoacán (September 1985, Mw = 8.0, and Mw = 7.6) and Colima (October 1995, Mw = 8.0). Fortunately, in this century earthquakes of great magnitude have not occurred in Mexico. However, we have identified well-defined seismic quiescences in the Guerrero seismic-gap, which are apparently correlated with the occurrence of silent earthquakes in 2002, 2006 and 2010 recently discovered by GPS technology. 相似文献
13.
M. Fattahi H. Nazari M.D. Bateman B. Meyer M. Sébrier M. Talebian K. Le Dortz M. Foroutan F. Ahmadi Givi M. Ghorashi 《Quaternary Geochronology》2010,5(2-3):286-292
In Central Iran there are several cities along the Dehshir fault, which have similar geological conditions to that of the city of Bam prior to the 2003 earthquake (Mw 6.5), during which more than 30,000 lives were lost. Optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples were collected from the Dehshir fault in order to place constraints on its seismic history. The single aliquot regenerative (SAR) dose measurement protocol on coarse grained quartz extracts was used for this study. This SAR protocol had to be optimized for the low OSL sensitivity by varying both the preheat temperatures and test doses used. Dose recovery tests showed that given laboratory dose could be successfully recovered. However, replicate palaeodose (De) data were scattered and consequently ages based on mean De's had large uncertainties. As this is thought to largely reflect poor bleaching conditions prior to sediment burial at the site, various statistical procedures were employed in conjunction with the stratigraphic knowledge of the site to try and extract more refined burial ages from the samples. From this the timing of the last earthquake was estimated around 2.0 ± 0.2 kyr. This refined age suggests that the earthquake catalogue of Iran is incomplete and more paleoseismological investigation is required to recognize and date the previous events of Dheshir fault. 相似文献
14.
A. Abbassi A. Nasrabadi M. Tatar F. Yaminifard M.R. Abbassi D. Hatzfeld K. Priestley 《Journal of Geodynamics》2010,49(2):68-78
Inversion of local earthquake travel times and joint inversion of receiver functions and Rayleigh wave group velocity measurements were used to derive a simple model for the velocity crustal structure beneath the southern edge of the Central Alborz (Iran), including the seismically active area around the megacity of Tehran. The P and S travel times from 115 well-located earthquakes recorded by a dense local seismic network, operated from June to November 2006, were inverted to determine a 1D velocity model of the upper crust. The limited range of earthquake depths (between 2 km and 26 km) prevents us determining any velocity interfaces deeper than 25 km. The velocity of the lower crust and the depth of the Moho were found by joint inversion of receiver functions and Rayleigh wave group velocity data. The resulting P-wave velocity model comprises an upper crust with 3 km and 4 km thick sedimentary layers with P wave velocities (Vp) of ～5.4 and ～5.8 km s?1, respectively, above 9 km and 8 km thick layers of upper crystalline crust (Vp ～6.1 and ～6.25 km s?1 respectively). The lower crystalline crust is ～34 km thick (Vp ～ 6.40 km s?1). The total crustal thickness beneath this part of the Central Alborz is 58 ± 2 km. 相似文献
15.
《Geofísica Internacional》2014,53(4):411-423
An investigation of the effect of some human activities on the magnetic susceptibility and frequency dependent susceptibility was conducted on top soil samples from, a commercial area, a motor park and a school environment in Jalingo, Taraba State, N-E Nigeria. The purpose was to assess the variation of magnetic susceptibility with different land use, detect pollution hotspots using magnetic proxy parameters and evaluate the contribution of superparamagnetic (SP) grain size contribution to the magnetic susceptibility from calculation of the frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility (MS). The results of the mass specific low frequency magnetic susceptibility measurements showed significant enhancement with values ranging from 67.8 − 495.3 × 10−8 m3kg−1 with a mean value of 191.61 × 10−8 × m3kg−1 for the Jalingo College of Education (JCOE) data; 520.1 − 1612.8 × 10−8 m3kg−1 with a mean value of 901.34 × 10−8 m3kg−1 for the Jalingo main Market (JMM) and 188.5 − 1203.6 × 10−8m3kg−1 with an average value of 574 92 × 10−6 m3kg−1 for the Jalingo Motor Park (JMP). The significant magnetic enhancement indicates high concentration of ferrimagnetic minerals in the soil and hence increased pollution. The magnetic susceptibility of the different land use studied decreased in the order commercial area (market) > motor park > school premises. The results of the percentage frequency dependence susceptibility showed that most of the samples had a mixture of SP and coarse multi domain grains or SP grains < 0.05 µm. The value of χfd% range from 2.68 to 13.80% with an average value of 8.67% in the JCOE samples, 0.49 to 10.04% with an a-verage of 5.05% in the JMM samples and 0.56 to 13.04% with an average value of 5.86% in the JMP samples. 相似文献
16.
Array measurements of microtremors were carried out at thirty sites in Damascus city, Syria to estimate S-wave velocity structures of shallow soil formations for site effect analysis. The microtremor data were recorded by 6 vertical-component seismometers distributed along the circumferences of two circles as well as a 3-component seismometer deployed in the center. The phase velocities were estimated at each site from the vertical components of recorded microtremor data by using the Spatial Autocorrelation method. Then, Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm technique was applied for inversion of the phase velocities to estimate 1-D S-wave velocity structures beneath the sites. The inverted Vs profiles are not uniform in Damascus city and the results show that a shallow soft layer (∼200 m/s) appears in the eastern part of the city as well as the central part along Barada River. This layer controls the amplification distribution in the city with a high amplification mainly observed at the locations having this layer. The inversion results also show that the depth to the engineering bedrock (∼750 m/s) is very shallow along the foothills of Mt. Qasyoun in the north-west. Then the depth increases towards the east and the south. The maximum depth to the engineering bedrock (∼80 m) was observed in the southern part of Damascus. To validate the results of the inversions, the spectral ratios between the horizontal and vertical components (H/V) of the recorded microtremor data at the central seismometer were compared with the computed ellipticities of the fundamental-mode Rayleigh-waves based on the respective Vs structure. The results show a good agreement in a period range of 0.05 s to 0.5 s. In this period range, the dominant peaks of the H/V ratios are due to the overall effect of the velocity contrasts between the shallow layers representing the subsurface S-wave velocity structure. Moreover, the average S-wave velocity for the top 10 m of soils (VS10) shows a better correlation with the averaged site amplification in a period range of 0.05 s to 0.5 s than VS30 which indicates that VS10 can be a better proxy for high-frequency site amplification in the case of Damascus city. 相似文献
17.
In this paper, the total electron content (TEC) data from eight global positioning system (GPS) stations of the EUREF network, provided by IONOLAB (Turkey), were analyzed using discrete Fourier analysis to investigate the TEC variations over the Mediterranean before and during the strong earthquake of 12th October 2013, which occurred west of Crete, Greece. In accordance with the results of similar analyses in the area, the main conclusions of this study are the following: (a) TEC oscillations in a broad range of frequencies occur randomly over an area of several hundred km from the earthquake and (b) high frequency oscillations (f ⩾ 0.0003 Hz, periods T ⩽ 60 m) may point to the location of the earthquake with questionable accuracy. The fractal characteristics of the frequency distribution may point to the locus of the earthquake with higher accuracy. We conclude that the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) mechanism through acoustic or gravity waves could explain this phenomenology. 相似文献
18.
19.
On January 26 and February 3, 2014, Cephalonia Island (Ionian Sea, Greece) was struck by two strong, shallow earthquakes (moment magnitudes Mw6.1 and Mw6.0, respectively) that ruptured two sub-parallel, strike-slip faults, with right-lateral kinematics. The scope of the present work is to investigate the complex correlations of the earthquake activity that preceded the Mw6.1 event in the broader area of the Cephalonia Island and identify possible indications of critical stages in the evolution of the earthquake generation process. We apply the recently introduced methods of Multiresolution Wavelet Analysis (MRWA) and Natural Time (NT) analysis and for the first time we combine their results in a joint approach that may lead to universal principles in describing the evolution of the earthquake activity as it approaches a major event. In particular, the initial application of MRWA on the inter-event time series indicates a time marker 12 days prior to the major event. By using this time as the initiation point of the NT analysis, the critical stage of seismicity, where the κ1 parameter reaches the critical value of κ1 = 0.070, is approached few days before the occurrence of the Mw6.1 earthquake. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,45(3-5):160-172
The December 26, 2003 Mw 6.6 Bam earthquake is one of the most disastrous earthquakes in Iran. QuickBird panchromatic and multispectral satellite imagery with 61 cm and 2.4 m ground resolution, respectively provide new insights into the surface rupturing process associated with this earthquake. The results indicate that this earthquake produced a 2–5 km-wide surface rupture zone with a complex geometric pattern. A 10-km-long surface rupture zone developed along the pre-existing Bam fault trace. Two additional surface rupture zones, each 2–5 km long, are oblique to the pre-existing Bam fault in angles of 20–35°. An analysis of geometric and geomorphic features also shows that movement on the Bam fault is mainly right-lateral motion with some compressional component. This interpretation is consistent with field investigations, analysis of aftershocks as well as teleseismic inversion. Therefore, we suggest that the 2003 Bam earthquake occurred on the Bam fault, and that the surface ruptures oblique to the Bam fault are caused by secondary faulting such as synthetic shears (Reidel shears). Our fault model for the Bam earthquake provides a new tectonic scenario for explaining complex surface deformations associated with the Bam earthquake. 相似文献