共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
几乎所有的大陆碰撞造山带都含有多个增生地体,它们是大陆造山带的重要组成部分.前人对地体拼贴过程及其相应地质记录都做过详细探讨,但对后期大陆持续汇聚过程中的多地体之间的变形行为及拆离模式目前研究得仍较为薄弱.为此,我们以"两地体"结构为代表,通过系统的动力学模型试验,来探讨多地体流变结构及其几何参数对大陆碰撞动力学过程的影响.模型结果显示,大陆碰撞过程中的地体变形行为主要受控于靠近主碰撞带的地体流变强度(确切来说是地壳流变强度,下同)及其几何宽度,而与远离主碰撞带的地体流变和几何属性关系较弱.同时,模型结果也揭示出大陆碰撞造山带中地体之间的相互俯冲仅发生在靠近主碰撞带一侧地体较宽的情况下,且总是弱地体向相对强的地体之下俯冲.该研究成果不仅对喜马拉雅—青藏高原造山带中地体变形演化给予重要的动力学启示,也对含有多地体结构的碰撞造山带的动力学演化研究提供一定的理论支撑. 相似文献
2.
本文利用地震资料并结合地质资料,讨论了印度板块与欧亚板块在中国周边的相互作用及其对中国应力场的影响,指出两板块在喜马拉雅山前断裂地区碰撞,碰撞边界向西延续到35°N,74°E附近,其主要挤压方向为NNE,并形成SE方向的物质流动.帕米尔地区有强烈的构造运动,并存在俯冲带形态的构造.在26.5°N,97°E附近,板块边界的走向发生突变,并形成东倾的缅甸山弧俯冲带,但印度板块挤压造成的主压应力方向为NNE向.在安达曼-尼科巴-苏门答腊-爪哇岛弧,印度板块俯冲于欧亚板块之下,在中国南海一带形成NNW向或近Ns向的主压应力. 相似文献
3.
本文利用地震资料并结合地质资料,讨论了印度板块与欧亚板块在中国周边的相互作用及其对中国应力场的影响,指出两板块在喜马拉雅山前断裂地区碰撞,碰撞边界向西延续到35°N,74°E附近,其主要挤压方向为NNE,并形成SE方向的物质流动.帕米尔地区有强烈的构造运动,并存在俯冲带形态的构造.在26.5°N,97°E附近,板块边界的走向发生突变,并形成东倾的缅甸山弧俯冲带,但印度板块挤压造成的主压应力方向为NNE向.在安达曼—尼科巴—苏门答腊—爪哇岛弧,印度板块俯冲于欧亚板块之下,在中国南海一带形成NNW向或近Ns向的主压应力. 相似文献
4.
中扬子地区碰撞造山形变作用的3个演化阶段 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
中法双方在中扬子区联合调查，于前人侧重研究碰撞造山形成作用的基础上， 更加注重探讨碰撞造山的形变作用．以其形变组合顺序依次分为挤压逆冲隆升－走滑 逃逸流变－引张伸展反转３个发育阶段为依据，将该区碰撞造山的过程划分为初造山 期、主造山期和后造山期３个发育时期．对每个阶段的应力应变轴的变化、节理断裂的 转化以及相关构造的演化，就武功山、九岭山和雪峰山的实测资料进行阐述，绘出模式， 并对同构造期形成的岩石测年值作了相应的解释． 相似文献
5.
利用云南数字地震台网记录的区域波形资料， 通过波形反演确定了发生在云南地区的33次中小地震的震源机制. 结果表明，在川滇菱形块体内部及边界附近的地震以走滑为主，由震源机制得到的主压应力方向从北到南由北北西-南南东方向转向近南北向，张应力轴方向则主要表现为北东东-南西西或北东 南西向；在青藏高原东部地区，主压应力方向从青藏高原内部向外成放射状展布，张应力方向大多与该地区的弧形构造平行. 在28N附近地区，主压应力轴和张应力轴方向都存在较大的变化，其分界线似与龙门山断裂向西南方向的延长线相对应. 川滇菱形块体之外的地震的主压应力轴和张应力轴方向与块体内部的方向存在一定的差异. 通过与哈佛大学中强地震震源机制结果的对比发现，云南地区中小地震震源机制的反演结果与强震震源机制的结果有较好的一致性，表明中小地震的震源机制可用于该地区区域构造应力场的研究. 相似文献
6.
以GPS观测资料和地震学研究成果为约束，针对不同流变参数的中国大陆岩石圈模型，数值模拟了岩石粘度与中国大陆板块边界作用强度的关系，探讨了陆-陆碰撞对中国大陆分层岩石圈运动的驱动机制．给出了陆-陆碰撞驱动力、附加地形与山根浮力及热浮力对中国大陆构造运动的驱动特点．印度板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾板块对中国大陆驱动的边界作用强度之比约是4：1．25：1，所引起的水平主压应力主要集中在坚硬岩石层；而附加地形等垂直方向作用力在水平方向产生的最大主压应力则主要集中在软弱岩石层．这种垂直方向上的作用力在高原南部地区阻碍陆-陆碰撞向北的推挤运动，在高原东北部增加对其它块体的推挤作用。 相似文献
7.
金龙山-丘岭金矿床地质地球化学特征及成因:秦岭式卡林型金矿成矿动力学机制 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
张复新陈衍景李超张静马建秦李欣 《中国科学D辑》2000,30(Z1):73-81
秦岭卡林型金矿带是世界第２大卡林型金矿集中区,与形成于新生代活动大 陆边缘盆岭省的美国西部卡林型金矿不同,产于中生代大陆内部碰撞造山带,成矿同 位素年龄集中于 １９７．４５－１２９．４５ Ｍａ,属碰撞造山挤压伸展转变期的减压增温体制,表明成矿与碰撞同步．包裹体、同位素和成矿元素地球化学研究揭示成矿流体和成矿物质主要来自海西－印支构造层,中生代时海西－印支构造层沿双河－公馆断裂等的陆内俯冲导 致了金龙山等金矿床形成,基此建立了“秦岭式”卡林型金矿构造成矿模式． 相似文献
8.
利用2993个浅源地震的地震矩张量解、404个Ｐ波初动方向震源机制解和47个深井孔的孔壁崩落资料，编制了东亚地区现今地壳构造应力场主应力方向和应力类型分布图．按200km的等距格点，算出有资料地区各格点半径为200km范围内的平均应力方向，绘制了平均主应力方向分布图，并绘制了东亚地区的震源机制解分布图．主应力方向分布特征表明，东亚地区的现今构造应力场除受印度 欧亚板块碰撞的强烈影响外，俯冲带的弧后扩张亦有重要影响．喜马拉雅山弧处的大陆碰撞和缅甸山弧处的弧后扩张之联合作用可能形成了青藏高原东南部主应力方向的显著转动．菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块在台湾的碰撞与琉球岛弧弧后扩张的联合作用影响了中国东部的应力场．爪哇海沟俯冲带的弧后大片地区现今没有强震活动，这里的弧后扩张可能是造成东南亚地区物质容易向南运动的因素．青藏高原内部大致以昆仑山为界，北部和东北部是大陆内部的宽阔挤压带，南部和西南部地壳上部主要处于正断层型应力状态中． 相似文献
9.
甘、宁、青地区地震孕育的力源环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从3个方面讨论了甘、宁、青三省区地震孕育的力源环境。①从强震震源机制、地震形变带、断层滑移特征和现代形变、地应力实地测量等几个不同侧面，讨论了区域构适应力场的分布规律。指出，甘、宁、青现今区域构造应力场以水平为主，主压应力方向从地区的西部到东南部，由NNE逐渐转为近EW向，且在地壳的深部、浅部和地表，方向有较好的一致性。它是印度板块向青藏块体碰撞、挤压，使青藏块体向北东方向推济，同时向东蠕散的结果。②通过讨论发展断层的错动形式以及部分前兆资料所反映的应力特征，揭示了地震孕育过程中震源及周围地区处于一种更高的应力状态。这是该地区地震前兆具有普遍性的根本原因。③讨论了甘、宁、青现今地震的孕育方式。指出，6级以上地震基本上以先存断层重新活动或相互沟通为主要活动形式。 相似文献
10.
收集2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震周围及柯坪逆冲推覆构造附近震源机制解资料，应用MSATSI软件包中阻尼最小二乘法反演该地震震中周围的构造应力场。结果表明，研究区主压应力轴方向呈近NS向且整体一致性较好，西段最大主应力方向为NNW向，东段为NNE向，但西段中的喀什、巴楚等靠近塔里木块体边缘地区主压应力方向为NNE向。柯坪逆冲推覆构造带所在区域的主压应力方向呈NNW向，主张应力方向呈NNE向，与此次地震的震源机制解P、T轴方向相同，表明该地震的发生受区域构造应力场影响。研究区整体张轴的非均匀性明显，方位分布范围较大，但地震震中周围主压应力轴倾伏角一致性特征明显，反映了该区域以逆冲为主的应力特征。 相似文献
11.
A new material migration hypothesis for the plate subduction zone orogeny, so-called ‘the cordilleran-type orogeny’, is proposed on the basis of geological constraints as well as mechanics of accretionary wedges. The major tectonic processes of the hypothesis comprise: (i) episodic, extensive magmatism along the margin of an overriding plate; (ii) supply of voluminous igneous and eroded materials through forearc to trench, with an increase in the net sediment influx into trench; (iii) accelerated accretion of sediments beneath an overriding older accretionary wedge; and (iv) upward material migration within the wedge and resultant exhumation of high-P/T metamorphic rocks near the inland margin of the wedge. This hypothesis was validated by the test using available geo- and thermo-chronological data from two classical types of subduction-related orogens in Southwest Japan and California. The hypothesis, coupled with the thermochronologic point of view, requires the reconsideration of coevality of paired metamorphism. The temporal pairing is to be observed between the beginning of the regional high-T/P metamorphism and that of the uplift and exhumation of high-P/T metamorphism, with some time lag needed for material migration. Where the temporal pairing is examined therefore, the formation age of igneous rocks and related high-T/P metamorphic rocks should be compared to the exhumation age of high-P/T metamorphic rocks. The episodic, extensive magmatism that triggers the cordilleran-type orogeny shows a temporal correlation in the mid-Cretaceous for most circum-Pacific continental margins. The resultant widespread formation of accretionary complexes is also observed in the western part of the circum-Pacific margins. The deduced mid-Cretaceous circum-Pacific orogeny accompanied a gross increase in the continental crust production rate, and was approximately coeval with the Pangea breakup and the Central Pacific superplume episode, implying the orogeny as a part of the mid-Cretaceous pulsation of the Earth. 相似文献
12.
Marta Neres Pedro F. Silva Moha Ikenne Sofia Martins Ahmid Hafid João Mata Francisco Almeida Nasrrddine Youbi Moulay A. Boumehdi 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2016,60(4):700-730
No paleomagnetic data exist for Paleo-Mesoproterozoic times of the West African Craton (WAC). Therefore, paleogeographic reconstructions for such old geological times are difficult to constrain. Gaps on the sedimentary record and intense remagnetizations are the major problems that paleomagnetic studies come across. Recent geochronological results for dyke swarms that intrude several Proterozoic inliers of WAC in the Anti-Atlas Belt (southern Morocco) revealed ages between Paleoproterozoic and early Neoproterozoic, opening for the first time a window of opportunity to conduct paleomagnetic studies and tentatively infer about the paleoposition of WAC during Proterozoic. On this scope we conducted a paleomagnetic study on seven Proterozoic dykes of the Iguerda inlier. The meaning of the obtained paleomagnetic directions was evaluated by rock magnetic and mineral analyses, complemented by petrographic observations. Our samples record the presence of a complex history of remagnetization, mostly assigned to several Phanerozoic thermal/chemical events, in particular to the late stages of Pan African orogeny (s.l.), to the Late Carboniferous Variscan orogeny, and even to more recent events. The recognized remagnetization processes are related to widespread metamorphic events under greenschist facies followed by low-temperature oxidation, both responsible for the formation of new magnetic phases, like magnetite and hematite. These events obliterated the primary (magmatic) thermo-remanent magnetization and promoted multiple remagnetizations of the dykes, thermally and chemically. For only one dyke the presence of primary magnetization is possible to infer, though not to confirm, and would place WAC at an equatorial position around 1750 Ma. 相似文献
13.
碳酸盐岩是记录古地磁场信息的重要载体,然而,广泛存在的重磁化现象制约了碳酸盐岩在古地磁研究中的应用,其重磁化机制亟待解决.本文对采自贵州羊蹬地区的319块奥陶系碳酸盐岩定向样品作了详细的古地磁学和岩石磁学研究,其结果表明,94%样品(A类)记录了单一剩磁分量A,其解阻温度低于450℃;在地理坐标系下的平均方向为Dg/Ig=3.1°/48.1°(α95=2.9°),对应的古地磁极(87.0°N,2.8°E,A95=3.0°)与扬子地块古近纪-第四纪的古地磁极重合.6%样品(B类)记录了两个磁化分量,其高温分量(450℃~585℃)与A分量显著不同,但明显远离扬子块体早古生代古地磁极;低温分量(< 450℃)与A分量类似.说明羊蹬剖面奥陶系碳酸盐岩记录了两期重磁化.A分量和B低温分量的主要载磁矿物为磁黄铁矿(胶黄铁矿),B高温分量的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿.这些磁性矿物都是成岩后的次生矿物.其中,解阻温度高于450℃的磁铁矿可能受晚燕山期造山运动影响生成;磁黄铁矿(胶黄铁矿)等矿物可能与印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞引起的喜马拉雅造山运动所产生的流体作用有关,以后一期重磁化为主.新生代早期青藏高原隆升产生的流体在流经东南缘的碳酸盐岩等沉积岩层时,与原岩发生相互作用,使磁黄铁矿、胶黄铁矿、磁铁矿等磁性矿物生长并获得化学剩磁,造成了广泛重磁化. 相似文献
14.
Pacific-type orogeny revisited: Miyashiro-type orogeny proposed 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
Abstract The concept of Pacific-type orogeny is revised, based on an assessment of geologic data collected from the Japanese Islands during the past 25 years. The formation of a passive continental margin after the birth of the Pacific Ocean at 600 Ma was followed by the initiation of oceanic plate subduction at 450 Ma. Since then, four episodes of Pacific-type orogeny have occurred to create an orogenic belt 400 km wide that gradually grew both oceanward and downward. The orogenic belt consists mainly of an accretionary complex tectonically interlayered with thin (<2 km thick), subhorizontal, high-P/T regional metamorphic belts. Both the accretionary complex and the high-P/T rocks were intruded by granitoids ～100 million years after the formation of the accretionary complex. The intrusion of calc-alkaline (CA) plutons was synchronous with the exhumation of high-P/T schist belts. Ages from microfossils and K-Ar analysis suggest that the orogenic climax happened at a time of mid-oceanic ridge subduction. The orogenic climax was characterized by the formation of major subhorizontal orogenic structures, the exhumation of high-P/T schist belts by wedge extrusion and subsequent domed uplift, and the intrusion-extrusion of CA magma dominantly produced by slab melting. The orogenic climax ended soon after ridge subduction, and thereafter a new Pacific-type orogeny began. A single Pacific-type orogenic cycle may correspond to the interaction of the Asian continental margin with one major Pacific oceanic plate. Ophiolites in Japan occur as accreted material and are not of island-arc but of plume origin. They presumably formed after the birth of the southern Pacific superplume at 600 Ma, and did not modify the cordilleran-type orogeny in a major way. Microplates, fore-arc slivers, intra-oceanic arc collisions and the opening of back-arc basins clearly contributed to cordilleran orogenesis. However, they were of secondary importance and served only to modify pre-existing major orogenic components. The most important cause of cordilleran-type orogeny is the subduction of a mid-oceanic ridge, by which the volume of continental crust increases through the transfer of granitic melt from the subducting oceanic crust to an orogenic welt. Accretionary complexes are composed mainly of recycled granitic sediments with minor amounts of oceanic material, which indicate that the accretion of oceanic material, including huge oceanic plateaus, was not significant for orogenic growth. Instead, the formation and intrusion of granitoids are the keys to continental growth, which is the most important process in Pacific-type orogeny. Collision-type orogeny does not increase the volume of continental crust. The name ‘Miyashiro-type orogeny’ is proposed for this revised concept of Pacific-type or cordilleran-type orogeny, in order to commemorate Professor A. Miyashiro's many contributions to a better understanding of orogenesis. 相似文献
15.
The Yanshan orogeny and late Mesozoic multi-plate convergence in East Asia—Commemorating 90th years of the “Yanshan Orogeny” 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Shuwen Dong Yueqiao Zhang Hailong Li Wei Shi Huaimin Xue Jianhua Li Shiqi Huang Yongchao Wang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(12):1888-1909
The Yanshan movement/orogeny has been proposed for 90 years, which is of special significance in the history of geological research in China. This study conducted a review by synthesizing major achievements regarding episodic deformation features, sedimentary and magmatic records of the Yanshan orogeny in China, and clarified the episodic tectono-magmatism and its geodynamic origins. The tectonic implications of the Yanshan orogeny are discussed in the context of global plate tectonics and supercontinent reconstruction. Lines of evidence from structural, sedimentary and magmatic data suggest that the Yanshan orogeny represents a regional-scale tectonic event that affected the entire China continent in late Mesozoic period. Numerous age and structural constraints consistently indicate that the Yanshan orogeny was initiated in the Jurassic(at ～170±5 Ma). and was characterized by alternating stages of crustal shortening at ～170–136 Ma, crustal extension at ～135–90 Ma, and weak shortening at ～80 Ma. The 170–136 Ma crustal shortening was reflected in the generation of two regional stratigraphic unconformities(the Tiaojishan and Zhangjiakou unconformities), which were initially named the A and B episodes of "the Yanshan Orogeny" by Mr.Wong Wenhao in 1928. Geodynamically, the Yanshan orogeny in East Asia was associated with nearly coeval oceanic subduction and continental convergence in the Paleo-Pacific, Neo-Tethys, and Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic domains. As a consequence, three giant accretionary-collisional tectonic systems were formed along the continental margins of East Asia, i.e., the Mongol-Okhotsk, Bangonghu-Nujiang, and SE China subduction-and collision-related accretionary systems. The Yanshan orogeny induced widespread crustal-scale folding and thrusting, tectonic reactivation of long-lived zones of crustal weakness,and extensive magmatism and mineralization in intraplate regions. Based on the time principle of supercontinent assembly and break-up, we propose that the mid-Late Jurassic multi-plate convergence in East Asia might represent the initiation of the assembly of the Amasia supercontinent, and the Yanshan orogeny might be the first "stirrings" that is a prerequisite for the birth of the Amasia supercontinent. 相似文献
16.
结合岩石磁学、磁化率各向异性度与区域构造分析了西秦岭温泉岩体的侵位机制及意义.温泉岩体的样品的平均磁化率km值总体很大,岩石磁学表明对于磁化率较低的样品,顺磁性矿物（如黑云母等）对磁化率的贡献较大,而少量铁磁性矿物（如磁铁矿等）可能作为剩磁载体.对于磁化率较高的样品,其主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿;花岗岩样品的校正磁化率各向异性度PJ总体小于1.2,显示了岩体为流动磁组构的特征,磁化率椭球体形态参数T总体大于0,扁率E总体大于1,以压扁椭球体为主;岩体的磁面理同磁线理相比更为发育,样品的磁面理普遍表现出围绕岩体边界分布的特点,且倾角较陡;而在岩体内部磁线理与磁面理分布相对散乱,定向性差,这一特征说明温泉岩体的磁组构主要由侵位时的侧向挤压作用形成的;虽然岩体的磁组构特征总体显示了N-NEE和SW向的挤压作用,但岩体侵位时由商丹缝合带闭合所产生的垂直于缝合带方向的挤压作用已相对较弱.本文认为,温泉岩体侵位时是一种弱挤压环境,或者是一种相对稳定的环境甚至可能是一种相对引张的背景,这与温泉岩体形成于后碰撞环境,秦岭造山带已演化至后碰撞拆沉作用发生的伸展阶段所反映的区域构造背景是一致的. 相似文献
17.
现今地壳变形数据显示横跨龙门山断裂带的地壳缩短速率低于3 mm·a-1，如此小的地壳缩短速率与龙门山断裂带附近的长期地质造山（平均高程约4.5 km）形成强烈对比.我们构建并使用了一个二维平面应变黏弹塑性有限元模型来模拟龙门山断裂带的地震循环位移变化，从而探讨了短期变形与长期变形之间的关系.模型模拟了地震循环的各个阶段（震间加载期、同震瞬间和震后黏性松弛调整期）以及多个地震循环（万年尺度）的地表变形，揭示了变形在地震循环中是如何累积、释放、调整以及最终形成永久变形导致了造山.模拟结果显示，岩石圈流变结构以及断层几何形态均对地震循环的地表位移变化有着显著的影响.经过多个地震循环，青藏高原东缘整体产生水平缩短与增厚抬升，而四川盆地基本保持稳定，区域的水平缩短主要由断层位错及青藏东缘的缩短抬升来调解，造成了青藏东部与川西盆地的差异抬升.研究结果将地震循环时间尺度的短期变形与长期地质造山联系起来，帮助我们理解青藏高原东部的隆升机制. 相似文献
18.
Samuel T. Peavy Cahit oruh John K. Costain William J. Domoracki 《Journal of Geodynamics》2004,37(3-5):633
Two reflection seismic transects, one across the central Appalachians in Virginia and the other across the southern Appalachians in Georgia, reveal a significant contrast in mid- and lower crustal reflectivity from east to west. Data from east of the Blue Ridge geologic province in Virginia and to the east of the Inner Piedmont in Georgia show a highly reflective crust extending from the near-surface to the Moho, including zones of east-dipping reflections, a sub-horizontal reflection signature at 7 seconds, and a west-dipping Moho. Reflection seismic data from west of the Blue Ridge in Virginia and Inner Piedmont farther south are characterized by reflector geometries related to deformation above a master decollement, leading to classic ‘thin-skinned’ tectonic structures in the overlying allochthon, and few if any apparent structures in the underlying basement. The location of the Iapetan rifted margin, the preexistence of favorably oriented structures to the east of this point, and sub-horizontal weak zones within the lower Paleozoic shelf strata have played critical roles in the distribution of seismic reflector geometry. Seismic reflection signatures seen in the southeastern United States are a result of multiple episodes of deformation from the early Paleozoic through the middle Mesozoic. Oblique stresses during late Paleozoic time produced transpression that manifested itself as predominantly strike-slip faulting to the east of the Blue Ridge/Inner Piedmont. Onlapping lower Paleozoic shelf strata responded to tectonic stresses through thin-skinned deformation above a master decollement during the late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny, aided in part by sub-horizontal zones of weakness in the strata. This partitioning of strain was supported via tectonic buttressing provided by Precambrian continental crust that was little deformed in the Taconic orogeny. During the Alleghanian orogeny, the variations in Valley and Ridge deformational style between the central and southern Appalachians were controlled by the original shape of the continental edge. Further deformation during Mesozoic extension occurred to the east of the Precambrian rift margin in the region where favorably oriented faults were reactivated, leading to the rotation of the fault zones from more steeply dipping initial orientations, the merging of the mid-crustal reflection zone with the Moho, and the formation of Mesozoic basins and antiformal reflections in the seismic sections. 相似文献
19.
文章对近十多年来国外关于在印度－欧亚大陆碰撞过程中岩石圈的变形和造山运动的研究工作进行了简要的回顾和总结。粘性薄片模型在某些方面比较成功地代表了岩石圈在大陆碰撞和造山运动中的变形过程及其后果的主要特征,但也存在一些不足之处。 相似文献
20.
The periodicity of orogeny is discussed in terms of sea floor spreading, plate tectonics and recent orogenic theory. The confusion in discussions of periodicity is due to the lumping of three distinct features together; continental edge orogenies, continental collision orogenies and features due to mid-oceanic rises. Orogenic periodicity is only well developed for continental edge orogenies. This is related to periodicity in mid-oceanic rise activity over the world. If this is shown to be untrue, there is no periodicity to orogeny over the world; and periodicity is only developed on continental edges controlled by one mid-oceanic rise. 相似文献