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1.
Statistical properties of reported earthquake precursors show apparent focal mechanism dependence. Intensity of anomaly is
described by the ‘anomaly ratio’ as defined by the number of stations/items reporting anomalies before the target earthquake
over the number of stations/items in operation around the target earthquake. Variation of the ‘anomaly ratio’ with the magnitude
of the target earthquake was studied for dip-slip earthquakes all over China, strike-slip earthquakes in eastern China, and
strike-slip earthquakes in western China, respectively. It is observed that for strike-slip earthquakes, the ‘anomaly ratio’
increases linearly with the magnitude of the target earthquake, while earthquakes in eastern China and western China have
different slopes. For dip-slip earthquakes, however, the ‘anomaly ratio’ has no statistically significant change with the
magnitude of the target earthquake. Limited data imply that the ‘anomaly ratio’ seems proportional to the apparent stress
of the target earthquake. The result might be heuristic for the analysis of candidate earthquake precursors.
Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40274013) and MOST Project (2001BA601B02).
Contribution No.04FE1020, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
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经统计与研究,多数地震是不引发海啸的,故地震与海啸不存在直接的因果关系。这是因为引发地震海啸(特别是大的地震海啸)的直接原因,主要是海底地震所造成的次生的巨大体积的海底滑坡和崩塌,而不是海底地震时海底地面的同震错断与变形。因此,若未来震中附近存在不稳定海底滑坡和崩塌体,只要发生地震,不论震级大小与震源深浅,也不论震源类型(即倾滑或走滑)都可引起海底滑坡和崩塌,进而引发海啸。若未来震中附近不存在不稳定海底滑坡和崩塌体,再大震级的地震,即使是倾滑型地震也不能引发海啸 相似文献
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川滇地区走滑型地震烈度衰减特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为分析走滑型地震的烈度衰减特征, 我们搜集并整理1900年以来川滇地区的145个5级以上震例和其中70个5级以上、 破裂方式以走滑型为主的典型震例, 利用联合椭圆衰减模型, 建立该区域此类型地震烈度衰减关系。 对比已有研究成果, 结果表明, 川滇地区破裂方式以走滑型为主的地震烈度衰减速度慢于西南地区, 可能与该地区地震破裂方式、 动力学过程等有关, 但与川滇地区和中国西部的衰减规律相比没有明显差异。 本文给出的烈度衰减关系在该区域此类地震的灾害快速评估和地震应急中具有一定参考价值, 其他区域的适用性需进一步分析。 相似文献
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We systematically analyzed the Benioff strain release before 65 earthquakes with MS over 6.0 in China from 1978 to 2003 to investigate the generality of the widely discussed accelerating moment release (AMR)
phenomenon before strong and intermediate-strength earthquakes. In this approach, a strong or intermediate-strength earthquake
is selected as a ``target earthquake,' and retrospective analysis of seismic activity before the ``target earthquake' is
performed. Simple searching area (three circular areas with different radius centered at the epicenter of the ``target earthquake')
and unified temporal range (8 years) are taken in the analysis. Justification of whether AMR exists is by both visual inspection
and by power-law curve fitting. It is found that more than 3/5 of the earthquakes under consideration exhibit clear pre-shock
AMR property, and 1/3 of the events seem to be sensitive to the searching area. AMR behavior shows apparent focal mechanism
dependence: 15 out of 17 dip-slip earthquakes with stable moment release characteristics against the changing of searching
areas exhibit AMR behavior, while 16 out of 25 strike-slip earthquakes with stable moment release characteristics exhibit
AMR behavior. 相似文献
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The contrast research results show that the number of items and stations with imminent, short and medium term precursor anomalies for the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake is less than that of the Menglian earthquake. The number of anomalies and stations associated with the Wenchuan earthquake increased in the early stage of the short-term range,as opposed to the later period for the Menglian and Lijiang earthquakes. Most of the medium term anomalies occurred two to three years before the Wenchuan earthquake,when the number of anomaly stations and items was eleven,and a great change appeared in the observation values in about half of the stations ( items ) . However,for the Menglian earthquake,medium term anomalies happened one to two years before the earthquake, the number of abnormal stations and items reached 20,and a sharp change appeared in the observation values six months to one year before the earthquake in about 30 percent of the stations or items. In the epicenter and the nearby area,the macroscopic abnormalities started 3 years before the Wenchuan earthquake and lasted intermittently until 1 month before the earthquake. Within 2 percent of the total area of the province,the macroscopic abnormalities accounted for 30 to 50 percent of the total number of anomalies of the Province. For the Xingtai,Tangshan,Haicheng,Songpan earthquakes,the macroscopic anomalies started two to three months before,or on the very day of the earthquakes. The common feature of the precursors between the Wenchuan and other strong earthquakes is the appearance of tremendous changes in a certain number of observation values of anomalies in the mid and short terms before all these earthquakes. 相似文献
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联合利用甘肃及周边测震台网记录的古浪及周边地区4 592次地震的P波绝对到时和相对到时资料,采用双差地震定位方法对古浪震源区小震进行重新定位后发现,皇城-双塔断裂带东、西两段表现出不同的力学运动性质,西段以逆冲运动为主,地震主要发生在断裂的下盘;而东段地震却主要发生在上盘,断层活动以局部拉张为主。还首次发现在皇城-双塔断裂带的中段与主破裂呈垂直方向存在一条主震发生时新产生的共轭断层,基于小震的断层面参数反演显示该断裂是一高倾角运动性质以右旋为主兼具正断的断裂。 相似文献
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横亘新疆境内的天山及其周边的西昆仑、阿尔金和阿尔泰是中国大陆著名的强构造运动区和地震活动带。在对新疆构造区应力环境、动力过程、断层运动变形特征和地震序列分析讨论的基础上,对新疆及其周缘主要构造区地震破裂方式和序列类型进行研究,得出如下结论:(1)西昆仑构造区受来自青藏块体和塔里木块体NS和NW向水平压应力和垂向力的作用,构造运动呈现出走滑与逆冲特征,震源破裂以走滑型为主,数量较少的逆断型地震主要分布在西昆仑帕米尔一侧的深震挤压区,正断型地震主要出现在西昆仑与阿尔金交汇的拉张盆地及附近。该区主余型地震占63%,6级以上地震序列也存在多震类型。(2)阿尔金断裂带位于西昆仑北缘断裂和北祁连断裂过渡带,受青藏块体向北和向西的推挤,断裂本身的左旋位移量通过两端逆冲挤压而转化,使得青藏高原北边界不断向外扩展。在此力源下,阿尔金断裂带震源破裂以走滑为主,也有少量的逆冲型地震。地震序列中主余型和孤立型地震占比相同(占44%)。(3)在印度板块和亚欧大陆碰撞效应影响下,天山地区产生近NNE向水平压应力,构造运动显现出带旋性特征的逆冲和走滑,震源破裂方式与之相吻合。而天山构造大跨度的空间展布、扩展形式的多样性和地震破裂的两重性,又影响到地震序列类型的多样性,使得主余型、孤立型和多震型地震在不同构造部位呈现优势分布。(4)阿尔泰的构造运动可能受到了来自印度板块与亚欧板块碰撞的远程效应和西伯利亚块体南向运动的双向影响,形成NNE和SW向水平挤压力,主要大型发震断裂做右旋剪扭错动,而一些深断裂则以逆冲运动为主。震源破裂呈现出走滑(占64%)和部分的逆冲(占27%),6级以上地震序列主要为主余型,5级左右地震则多为孤立型。 相似文献
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We use the recorded seismicity, confined to the Dead Sea basin and its boundaries, by the Dead Sea Integrated Research (DESIRE) portable seismic network and the Israel and Jordan permanent seismic networks for studying the mechanisms of earthquakes in the Dead Sea basin. The observed seismicity in the Dead Sea basin is divided into nine regions according to the spatial distribution of the earthquakes and the known tectonic features. The large number of recording stations and the adequate station distribution allowed the reliable determinations of 494 earthquake focal mechanisms. For each region, based on the inversion of the observed polarities of the earthquakes, we determine the focal mechanisms and the associated stress tensor. For 159 earthquakes, out of the 494 focal mechanisms, we could determine compatible fault planes. On the eastern side, the focal mechanisms are mainly strike-slip mechanism with nodal planes in the N-S and E-W directions. The azimuths of the stress axes are well constrained presenting minimal variability in the inversion of the data, which is in agreement with the Eastern Boundary fault on the east side of the Dead Sea basin and what we had expected from the regional geodynamics. However, larger variabilities of the azimuthal and dip angles are observed on the western side of the basin. Due to the wider range of azimuths of the fault planes, we observe the switching of σ1 and σ2 or the switching of σ2 and σ3 as major horizontal stress directions. This observed switching of stress axes allows having dip-slip and normal mechanisms in a region that is dominated by strike-slip motion. 相似文献
10.
地震视应力及其物理意义的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对NEIC宽频带地震辐射能量目录和哈佛CMT目录,给出全球震级大于5．5级的有能量记录的地震资料进行统计研究。首先,拟合得到全球浅源地震和不同类型地震平均视应力的大小和范围,验证了前人得到的“走滑型视应力大于倾滑型视应力”的结论;其次,对折合能量和地震矩关系分析得到：正断层型地震的折合能量随着地震矩增大而减小,而对于走滑型和逆冲型地震未得到前人给出的明确结论;对主震视应力和余震视应力的分析比较表明,它们在量值上没有规律性,必须要结合实际的地震事件,才能反映出它们之间大小关系的真正物理内涵,因为不同的主震可能对震源区的应力场有不同的影响——造成震源区应力场的应力集中（障碍体模式）,大部分余震的视应力高于主震视应力;或使应力场更加均匀（凹凸体模式）,大部分余震视应力低于主震视应力。这些结论对地震震源理论研究具有一定意义。 相似文献
11.
福建地区流体对2007年4次4级地震映震特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对2007年福建地区4次4级地震的震例分析, 认为福建地区流体对内陆中等地震具有如下映震特征: ① 地震前兆表现为不同测项在时间上呈有规律的层次发展且均以短临、 临震和短期异常为主; ② 模拟观测井孔的映震效能好于数字化观测井孔, 其中水氡、 水质是福建地区的特征灵敏组分; ③ 温泉井孔的映震效能好于普通井孔; ④ 异常台项数取决于震级和震中周围的观测点数目。 同时指出今后要根据区域特征, 有重点地加大映震灵敏井孔和灵敏组分的观测、 科学布网、 合理建点, 使各种前兆观测成场成网; 建立一批符合地震监测预报要求的高质量水观测点, 更有效地为地震分析预报服务。 相似文献
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We have relocated 259 inland earthquakes in northern Egypt using the double-difference hypocenter technique. Among this dataset we are able to determine source mechanisms of 200 events using P-wave polarities and amplitude ratios as well. The studied earthquakes have been recorded by the Egyptian National Seismological Network from October 1997 to December 2006 with local magnitude (ML) varies between 1.5 and 5.0. Three earthquake dislocations have been defined namely: Dahshour, southeast Beni-Suef, and Cairo-Suez district. Earthquake activities tend to occur in clusters along the first dislocation (Dahshour) however, relatively scattered along the second (southeast Beni-Suef) and the third (Cairo-Suez district) dislocations. At Dahshour dislocation three distinct clusters have been distinguished. Source mechanism solutions of Dahshour earthquakes displayed normal faulting with a strike-slip component to strike-slip faulting with a minor normal dip-slip component. Most of earthquake focal mechanism orientations are varying from NE-SW to NW-SE. The fault plane solutions of Beni-Suef earthquakes represented normal faulting with a strike-slip component. If the NNW-SSE striking plane has been chosen to be the actual fault plane, some solutions would indicated normal faulting with a sinistral strike-slip motion and other reflect normal faulting with a dextral strike-slip component. The fault plane solutions of Cairo-Suez district earthquakes are compatible with E-W to ENE-WSW striking normal fault with a dextral strike-slip motion. 相似文献
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新疆地下流体源兆、 场兆、 大震远兆特征的统计与分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以20多年来新疆地区的18个地下流体监测点的资料为基础, 沿着“异常与震中”这一主线, 对新疆地区的16次5级地震、 4次 7级以上地震及1个6级强震群的前兆异常特征进行了定量的统计与分析。 结果表明, 源、 场、 远兆异常有如下特征: 异常空间展布不均, 源兆空间内异常监测点展布"密集"、 异常比例可达90%; 而场兆空间展布“稀疏”、 “分散”, 异常比例一般在45%～53%; 而远兆则是更加“稀疏”和“零星”, 异常比例统计为25%。 异常起始时间不同, 源兆异常时间以中期为主; 中强震场兆异常时间以中短期、 特别是短期为主; 强震场兆以中期异常为主; 而强震远兆则也以中期异常为主。 异常形态不同, 源兆中期异常及强震场兆中期异常一般是趋势性大幅度升高变化为主, 且以化学测项为多, 油气探井以井喷形式予以表现; 而中强震场兆异常, 一般表现为幅度明显的短期内的负异常、 脉冲突跳、 短期内的高值上升、 阶变及年变化规律被打破等; 强震远兆特征则基本上表现为少数测点、 测项的大幅度中期异常及个别测项的临震大幅度突跳现象, 油气探井则也以剧烈井喷形式予以表现。 相似文献
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基于山东及邻区丰富的P波和S波到时数据反演获得了研究区内高精度的三维纵横波速度结构和泊松比异常分布形态。结果表明:2020年济南长清MS4.1地震震中位于P波、S波高低速异常和高低泊松比异常过渡带,可能是区域构造应力下长清断裂发生左旋走滑运动的结果;2003年青岛崂山ML4.1地震、崂山震群、乳山震群和长岛震群等的发生可能都受到流体的强烈影响,流体沿已有的较大断裂或相对完整岩体内的裂隙侵入,诱发断裂活动或裂隙破裂,从而导致中强地震或震群活动的发生。 相似文献
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地震目录资料是进行地震预测、地震危险性分析、地震活动性研究等地震学研究的基础资料.对地震目录资料的完整性可靠性分析是地震学研究的基础工作之一.近几十年来我国积累的大量的仪器地震记录,历史地震也在不断更新,为地震活动性研究提供了更为丰富的样本,因此有必要对新的地震目录进行完整性分析.本文采用了新的统计方法对我国仪器记录地震目录和历史破坏性地震目录进行了完整性分析.结果表明,对于仪器记录地震目录（M≥3.0）我国东部地区1975年后基本完整,西部地区1980年后基本完整.对于历史地震目录（M≥5.0）,东部地区1500年后基本完整,西部地区1950年后基本完整.考虑到华北地震区历史破坏性地震（M≥43/4）活动的时间非平稳性,我们采用突变点分析法研究了华北地震区历史破坏性地震目录的时间特征,得到了华北地震区地震活动周期性变化的突变点位置,并揭示了华北地震区历史破坏性地震目录完整起始时间约为公元1500年前后. 相似文献
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以河北省昌黎、阳原地震台和甘肃省嘉峪关、山丹地震台地电阻率记录为研究对象,利用2002-2016年地电阻率年变幅,进行斜率合成计算,并根据中国大陆东西部地震活动水平,提取甘肃地震台站周边300 km范围内M ≥ 5.0地震、河北地震台站周边250 km范围内M ≥ 4.0地震,得到15个震例,与计算结果对应分析,发现映震率为70%,且地震一般发生在1年尺度的下降期、2年尺度的下降转上升期、3-5年低值背景期,而异常幅度没有统一标准,只是异常趋势的相对变化。 相似文献
20.
华南地区地震活动特征与台湾强震影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以MS5.5以上地震是否发生为标记, 划分华南地区的活跃和平静时段, 结果显示与华南地区2级以上地震频次的应力调制时间过程变化趋势有很好的一致性。 另外, 在活跃和平静时段华南地区的震级频次特点显著不同。 华南地区在中强震发生前有4级左右地震频繁活动和小震群频发的特点。 华南地区的中强震与云南地区7级地震的发生相关。 统计20世纪以来台湾强震与华南中强震的对应关系, 台湾西带6级强震后1年内华南中强震的对应率近0.5, 地区影响似有由东至西逐渐减弱的趋势。 台湾7级地震后2年内华南中强震的对应率只有0.3, 对应地区除台湾海峡、 福建和广东东部地震外, 也有几次对应广西和北部湾地区的地震, 与6级相比, 台湾7级强震影响范围大。 相似文献