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1.
ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｅｆｅｃｔｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄｂｙｓｔｒａｉｎｗａｖｅｉｎｒｏｃｋｓＸＩＡＯＨＥＸＵ（徐小荷）ＧＵＯＪＵＮＸＩＮＧ（邢国军）ＢＩＡＯＷＡＮＧ（王标）ＭｉｎｉｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔｅｒｎＵｎｉ... 相似文献
2.
Michel Bouchon 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,148(1-2):3-20
We review the application of the discrete wave number method to problems of scattering of seismic waves formulated in terms of boundary integral equation and boundary element methods. The approach is based on the representation of the diffracting surfaces and interfaces of the medium by surface distributions of sources or by boundary source elements, the radiation from which is equivalent to the scattered wave field produced by the diffracting boundaries. The Green's functions are evaluated by the discrete wave number method, and the boundary conditions yield a linear system of equations. The inversion of this system allows the calculation of the full wave field in the medium. We investigate the accuracy of the method and we present applications to the simulation of surface seismic surveys, to the diffraction of elastic waves by fractures, to regional crustal wave propagation and to topographic scattering. 相似文献
3.
Green''''s functions for uniformly distributed loads acting on an inclined line in a poroelastic layered site 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Based on one type of practical Biot's equation and the dynamic-stiffness matrices of a poroelastic soil layer and half-space, Green's functions were derived for uniformly distributed loads acting on an inclined line in a poroelastic layered site. This analysis overcomes significant problems in wave scattering due to local soil conditions and dynamic soil-structure interaction. The Green's functions can be reduced to the case of an elastic layered site developed by Wolf in 1985. Parametric studies are then carried out through two example problems. 相似文献
4.
基于精细积分法的三维弹性波数值模拟(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
波动方程有限差分法是地震数值模拟中的一种重要的方法,对理解和分析地震传播规律、分析地震属性和解释地震资料有着非常重要的意义。但是有限差分法由于其离散化的思想,产生了不稳定性。精细积分法在有限差分法的基础上,在时间域采用解析解的表达形式,在空间域保留任意差分格式,发展成为半解析的数值方法。本文结合并发展了以往学者的成果,推导了任意精细积分法的三维弹性波正演模拟计算公式,并对其稳定性进行了数值分析。在计算实例中,实现了精细积分法二维和三维弹性波模型的地震正演模拟,对计算结果的分析表明,精细积分法反射信号走时准确,稳定性好,弹性波场相较于声波波场,弹性波波场成分更为丰富,包含了更多波型成分(PP-和PS-反射波、透射波和绕射波),这对实际地震资料的解释和储层分析有重要的意义。实践证明,该方法可直接应用到弹性波的地质模型的数值模拟中。 相似文献
5.
Using the model of single-domain particles, a theoretical analysis of the properties of different forms of piezoremanent magnetization is carried out. The relationships which determine piezoremanent magnetization within the entire range of stresses are obtained. Two mechanisms of magnetization are revealed. It is shown that in the weak field approximation the magnetization of the first type has a quadratic dependence on the magnetic field and weakly depends on stresses, while another type of magnetization, which mainly determines the piezomagnetic effect, is proportional to the field and stresses. Moreover the magnetization that forms in the course of a change in stresses parallel to the field is always higher than the magnetization that appears as a result of action perpendicular to the field. 相似文献
6.
Rosalba Napoli Gilda Currenti Ciro Del Negro Agnese Di Stefano Filippo Greco Enzo Boschi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2011,73(9):1311-1322
Significant changes in the local magnetic field marked the resumption of eruptive activity at Stromboli volcano on February
27, 2007. After differential magnetic fields were obtained by filtering out external noise using adaptive filters and seasonal
thermal noise using temperature data, we identified step-like changes of 1–4 nT coincident with the opening of eruptive fissures
in the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco. The magnetic variations detected at two stations are closely related to the propagation
of a shallow NE–SW magmatic intrusion extending beyond the summit craters area. These observations are consistent with those
calculated using piezomagnetic models in which stress-induced changes in rock magnetization are produced by the magmatic intrusion.
No significant magnetic changes were observed when the first fractures opened along the NE crater rim. Indeed, the stress-induced
magnetization caused by this magmatic activity is expected to be too low because of the structural weakness and/or thermal
state of the summit area. The continuous long-term decay characterizing the post-eruptive magnetic pattern can be related
to a time-dependent relaxation process. A Maxwell rheology was assumed and the temporal evolution of the piezomagnetic field
was evaluated. This allowed us to estimate the rheological properties of the medium; in particular, an average viscosity ranging
between 1016 and 1017 Pa⋅s was a relaxation time τ of about 38 days. 相似文献
7.
本文首先将一般剪切位错点源表示成四种基本点位错的组合,断层面倾角和滑动系数仅与组合系数有关.利用将三维动力学问题化为两维的处理方法,将每一基本点源问题化成求解位移函数的轴对称问题,最后将人工透射边界的处理方法同有限差分结合起来,提出一种简便、节省的计算理论地震图的方法.利用这种方法获得了四种基本点位错源的典型近场理论地震图,并初步讨论了近场地面运动的若干特征,表明浅源地震近场地面位移中震相不能分离,且点位错源在近场产生大小相当的水平与垂直位移.本文的方法可用于研究复杂的近场地震波传播问题. 相似文献
8.
Robert S. Carmichael 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1977,36(2):309-316
Tectonic stresses acting in the lithosphere cause transitory changes in the magnetic properties of rock and thus of its observed magnetic field. Calculations have been made to estimate this piezomagnetic effect as a function of depth, by considering the relative stress sensitivity of magnetite with increasing temperature and hydrostatic pressure. The response of magnetization to seismotectonic stress is determined by an appropriate balancing of magnetocrystalline and magnetoelastic anisotropy energies. Magnetite becomes progressively more responsive to applied stress as depth increases, with the rate of change depending on the local geothermal gradient. The upper 15 km of the lithosphere is likely to be the most important in yielding observable piezomagnetic field anomalies for earthquake prediction. 相似文献
9.
利用数字盒式磁带记录加速度仪组成的流动地震台网所记录的三分向近场加速度图,通过矩张量反演确定了1985年4月18日云南禄劝 Ms=6.1地震的部分余震的震源机制.以均匀半无限弹性介质的格林函数解释路径效应,并通过正演计算识别由两次积分得到的位移地震图中的直达 P 波、直达 S 波和 SP 转换波震相,然后用这些震相进行矩张量反演.反演结果表明,在解超定线性方程组时,采用适当的加权系数,可使上述直达波和转换波的理论计算值与观测值拟合得较好.尽管用以反演的三个余震大小不同(震级 ML48,3.2,3.5),震源位置也有差别,但它们的震源机制却非常接近,且与主震的震源机制相当一致.这一特征显示了余震的发生与主震发震构造的内在联系.这些实例说明,由震源球球面上分布适宜的数字地震台网取得的近场加速度资料,借助于即使是简单的介质模型,通过地震矩张量反演,不但可以得出这些地震震源的主要成份————剪切位错源,同时还可得出震源所含的其它成分,如膨胀源和补偿线性向量偶极. 相似文献
10.
Perfectly matched layer-absorbing boundary condition for finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The perfectly matched layer (PML) is a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition used for the numerical modeling of seismic wave equation. The article focuses on the application of this technique to finite-element time-domain numerical modeling of elastic wave equation. However, the finite-element time-domain scheme is based on the second-order wave equation in displacement formulation. Thus, the first-order PML in velocity-stress formulation cannot be directly applied to this scheme. In this article, we derive the finite-element matrix equations of second-order PML in displacement formulation, and accomplish the implementation of PML in finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equation. The PML has an approximate zero reflection coefficients for bulk and surface waves in the finite-element modeling of P-SV and SH wave propagation in the 2D homogeneous elastic media. The numerical experiments using a two-layer model with irregular topography validate the efficiency of PML in the modeling of seismic wave propagation in geological models with complex structures and heterogeneous media. 相似文献
11.
弹性位错理论是研究地震震源正演和反演的重要工具之一. 单相介质位错理论求得的地面变形场是稳定的、不变的，而实际地震后的地面变形场是变化的. 本文利用集中力作用下无限空间中两相饱和介质Green函数的柱函数表达式，通过弹性运动方程积分解的Helmholtz方程的Hansen矢量变换，再叠加自由表面影响场的方法求得两相饱和介质半无限空间位错位移场. 本文结果结合Nur的DD模式，在进水排水的假说下能解释地震后地面变形场的变化. 相似文献
12.
Summary A geometrically simple volcano is considered, havig a spherical magma chamber of 2.5 km radius centred at 10 km depth. The Curie point isotherm is assumed to be a plane at 20 km depth, except for the spherical volume which is also non-magnetic. The stress pattern in the vicinity of the spherical chamber, due to regional stress of sufficient intensity to cause an eruptions, is used to calculate the change in magnetization which results from the piezomagnetic effect through the volume of solid rock. The consequent magnetic field anomaly at the surface is then obtaied by numerical integration of the dipole law of force over the stressed volume. For rocks of the type found on the volcanic island of St. Vincent (West Indies), this model gives a maximum local volcano-magnet c effect of about 7 gammas. 相似文献
13.
Suspended load in flows on erodible bed 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Steady state suspended-load of sediment transported in flow over erodible beds usually is treated by the advection-diffusion approach, though in recent years, it is being treated as a two-phase flow phenomenon incorporating kinetics of sediment particles. Among the advection-diffusion approaches, Rouse＇s equation is the well-known, although a number of researchers in later periods have attempted to improve it by modifying the mixing length concept taking into account other aspects. In this paper, the advection-diffusion approach and associated logarithmic law of flow velocity are revisited. It is concluded from the logarithmic law that the Reynolds shear stress is a linear function of height above the bed, which reduces to bed shear stress in the case of a long horizontal channel. As a consequence, it is shown that the volumetric concentration of sediment is best approximated by the sum of two power laws of height above the bed. An equation is derived for the suspended-load transport rate in terms of elementary functions. 相似文献
14.
P. M. Davis 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1974,112(5):811-819
Summary A method has been developed to determine the stress distribution and resultant piezomagnetic surface anomaly field due to the load imposed on the earth's crust from filling man-made lakes of variable depths and arbitrary geometries but uniform elastic properties. The dam-magnetic effect observed byDavis andStacey [1] on Talbingo reservoir in the Snowy Mountains of SE Australia is adequately explained in terms of the piezomagnetic effect if more highly magnetic rock than that measured on the surface is present at depth. 相似文献
15.
Peter Furness 《Geophysical Prospecting》1994,42(5):405-416
The superposition integral expressing the field due to a magnetic source body is relatively simple to evaluate in the case of a homogeneous magnetization. In practice this generally requires that any remnant component is uniform and the susceptibility of the body is sufficiently low to permit the assumption of a uniform induced magnetization. Under these conditions the anomalous magnetic field due to a polyhedral body can be represented in an intuitive and physically appealing manner. It is demonstrated that the components of the magnetic field H can be expressed as a simple combination of the potentials due to two elementary source distributions. These are, firstly, a uniform double layer (normally directed dipole moment density) located on the planar polygonal faces of the body and, secondly, a uniform line source located along its edges. In practice both of these potentials (and thus the required magnetic field components) are easily computed. The technique is applicable to polyhedra with arbitrarily shaped faces and the relevant expressions for the magnetic field components are suitable for numerical evaluation everywhere except along the edges of the body where they display a logarithmic singularity. 相似文献
16.
利用积分方程方法以及半空间并矢格林函数的快速算法对埋地目标体矢量电磁散射进行正演计算。首先,利用半空间电磁并矢格林函数建立起埋地目标体的体积分方程。然后通过将空间偏导转移至格林函数谱域积分的积分号之外,并采用离散复镜像方法来近似余下的零阶索末菲积分,进一步得到并矢格林函数各个分量的闭合形式。由于避免了对索末菲积分的繁琐数值计算,使得生成反应矩阵和计算散射场时由半空间并矢格林函数计算带来的瓶颈问题得到较好的克服,因而极大地提高了埋地目标体电磁响应正演计算效率,同时也能保证足够的精度。 相似文献
17.
大规模地球物理电磁数据的定量解释需要发展高效、稳定的三维正反演算法.本文通过求解离散化的三维电场矢量Helmholtz方程,实现了基于有限体积法的频率域可控源电磁(CSEM)三维正演算法.为模拟具有强电性差异的三维电性介质,该算法采用拟态有限体积法(MFV)对Maxwell方程组进行离散化;另外,为获得稳定、高精度的正演数值结果,采用直接矩阵分解技术来求解离散所得到的大型稀疏线性方程组.对于具有多个发射源的CSEM测量来说,一次矩阵分解结果能够用于同频率下所有场源的正演计算.为降低场源奇异性及边界条件对数值精度的影响,采用虚拟场源校正技术,避免了散射场公式中在构建场源项时所需的大量时间.对于具有多个频率的CSEM的模拟计算,采用分频并行策略来加快三维正演计算.最后,通过与一维层状模型及三维模型的数值结果的对比验证了本文所开发的正演算法对频率域CSEM模拟计算的准确性及有效性,表明该正演算法能够有效应用于三维介质的数值计算.另外,对于多频率CSEM的并行测试结果表明基于分频并行策略的并行计算能够显著地降低正演计算时间. 相似文献
18.
格林函数在解决电磁场和直流电场问题的积分方程法和边界单元法等方法中有着广泛的应用.在应用格林函数时会遇到格林函数奇异性的问题,即其在源区域的内部,当场点和源点重合时,会碰到对格林函数为无穷大,积分为奇异积分.对于不同问题中遇到的不同形式的格林函数奇异性问题的各种处理方法进行了分析和评述.对于标量格林函数奇异性问题处理方法有：挖去法、级数展开法、绕开法和解析法等.对于并矢格林函数奇异性问题处理方法有：分量处理法、源并矢法和拟源并矢法等处理方法.通过对实际工作中所遇到的新方法新问题中的不同形式的格林函数的研究,提供了奇异性问题的处理的方法和途径. 相似文献
19.
A vibration analysis for viscoplastic, shear deformable composite beams is presented, where non-linear strains consistently are treated as an additional loading of the linear elastic structure due to fictitious sources of eigenstresses. Therefore, linear solution methods such as mode superposition and Green's functions become applicable, and a fast, computer-oriented solution strategy is developed. The non-linear structural response is found as the sum of the corresponding linear elastic response and the solution due to the additional loading by the inelastic strains, where the sources of eigenstresses are calculated from the material's law in a time-stepping procedure. The method is demonstrated using a composite sandwich beam with thin surface layers on multiple supports, which are excited independently. Elastoplastic material behaviour of endochronic type as well as a viscoplastic material's law are considered simultaneously. 相似文献
20.
本文从压磁效应的另一个方面——磁化对应力的影响,讨论了震磁问题。利用磁畴理论和磁弹耦合理论,得出了地学尺度下包含磁致伸缩效应的弹性平衡方程。由此分析变化磁场对应力的影响及居里面的力学特殊性。对热应力的磁贡献部份进行了模型估算。结果表明,这个异常应力足以影响地震的发生。根据上述结果,作者结合震源模式讨论了几个地震预报问题。 相似文献