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北京地区基底磁性界面反演及断裂研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对北京地区1∶10万航磁异常进行定性分析、小波多尺度分解及功率谱计算的基础上,运用三维磁性层反演方法,计算了北京地区基底磁性界面的定量埋深。根据反演结果对北京地区几条重要的基底断裂及其地震危险性进行了分析和探讨。 相似文献
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《地球物理学报》2021,64(6)
三维磁异常快速反演是磁法勘探进行地质解释的一项重要内容.本文在方向tilt梯度基础上进行导数处理,并进行合理改进,得到了6个改进的方向tilt梯度导数,丰富了不同方向上的磁异常信息.对常规欧拉反褶积方程进行三个方向求导,所构成的方程组与6个改进的方向tilt梯度导数进行结合,从而构建出了两个基于方向tilt梯度导数的快速反演方程组(方向tilt-Euler法),用于反演场源的位置参数.另外,将三个方向导数下的欧拉反褶积进行平方和及均方根处理,得到了场源构造指数的求解公式.单一模型试验表明,6个改进的方向tilt梯度导数异常基本不受磁化方向影响,可从不同方向上反映磁异常信息,方向tilt-Euler能够准确地反演出场源的位置及构造指数.叠加模型试验证实了方向tilt-Euler法相对于tilt-Euler法,具有反演解聚集度更强、连续性更好、反演准确度更高、受噪声影响更小及无虚假反演解等优点.将本文方法应用于内蒙古塔木素航磁资料处理中,获得了丰富的地下磁源分布信息,为了解该地区隐伏断裂构造及岩体分布等提供了有效依据. 相似文献
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21世纪重力与磁法勘探的展望 总被引：21，自引：18，他引：21
对21世纪重力与磁法勘探的仪器，数据处理技术，解释理论与方法，应用领域等方面的发展方向进行了分析与展望，发展航空标量，矢量，梯度重力测量和航空全梯度磁力测量，三分量磁力测量，提高综合信息采集能力；开展卫星重磁测量，综合卫星，航空，地面重磁测量资料研究地球结构与构造；发展高精度数据处理技术；重磁异常弱信号的提取，不同深度重磁异常的划分，低纬底变倾角化磁极以及位场面延拓；发展复杂条件下三维重磁场多参数综合反演可视化技术以及快速自动反演技术；探索磁性多参数的应用新领域，充分发挥磁法在环境污染调查中的作用并开拓应用新领域。 相似文献
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对大巴山地区最新1:20万航磁资料进行处理,分析大巴山地区航磁异常特点,找出推覆体下磁性结晶基底存在的证据;通过帕克尔界面反演法定量反演计算出磁性结晶基底的深度及范围,确定四川盆地的结晶基底应以陕西安康-竹山断裂为界;重新厘定盆地东北部边界,计算出大巴山推覆带推覆距离约100 km,并推测推覆带下可能存在四川盆地沉积地层。为巴山地区深浅部构造关系的系统解析以及四川盆地油气勘探远景提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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四川盆地及其西部边缘震区基底磁性界面与地震的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在对四川盆地及其西部边缘震区航磁资料进行分析研究的基础上，依据频率域磁性单界面反演方法对航磁异常进行了数据处理，求取了基底磁性界面的定量埋深，结合区域构造特征，地热分布及板块运动对地震的孕育环境进行了综合研究和讨论。 相似文献
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简要概述了我国磁法勘探50年来的研究与进展，主要包括：地面、航空与海洋磁测工作，磁力仪研制与生产，磁异常处理与转换技术，磁异常解释理论与方法，岩石磁性研究，磁法勘探在基础地质研究、固体矿产勘查、油气勘查和其他领域中的应用． 相似文献
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针对矿山噪声强、要求勘探深度大的特点,应用强场源TEM测量仪器,采用双发射信号同步叠加增大发射磁矩,即通过增大发射电流和合理选择发射回线边长,提高瞬变信号晚延时的信噪比的方式提高有效勘探深度。在安徽铜陵凤凰山铜矿的实际勘探中,采用吉林大学研制的 2个ATEM-Ⅱ型发射机同时工作,将发射电流由 2. 4A增大到 38 .5A,晚延时瞬变信号的信噪比由 0 .275提高到2. 93,有效探测深度达到 650m以上,表明强场源TEM测量仪器在寻找大型矿山接替资源勘探方面具有较好的发展前景 相似文献
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依据对具有较高微裂纹密度的筑波花岗岩和极低微裂纹密度的花岗斑岩 2种极端的岩石标本、在等应力速率的快速加载 (约 6MPa/min)和蠕变加载 (轴向应力保持在约 95 %破坏强度 ) 2个极端的加载条件下的实验结果 ,讨论了预存微裂纹密度与加载速度对多晶质结晶岩变形破坏过程的影响。实验中利用高速多通道声发射波形数字记录系统 (每秒可记录多达 5 0 0 0个声发射事件的 32通道波形 ) ,获得了岩石标本破坏前微破裂活动的详细时空分布数据。声发射的发生率、震级 -频度关系中的b值及震源的空间分布揭示出岩石变形破坏过程中微破裂活动具有 3个典型阶段 :初期阶段、第 2阶段和成核阶段。尤其是在成核阶段 ,还观测到发生率和b值有大幅度前兆性起伏。一般而言 ,在相同加载条件下预存微破裂密度越高 ,或对同一岩石加载速度越慢 ,对应的断层成核过程就越长 ,因此最终破坏的可预报性也越高。为了进一步探讨微破裂活动的阶段性特征及其物理本质 ,还利用亚临界破裂扩展模型对声发射数据进行了理论分析 相似文献
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红河断裂带南段中新世以来大型右旋位错量的定量研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
红河断裂带南段(元江—元阳一带)穿经盆地内的“中谷断裂”,是一条新构造期明显活动的主平移断裂。它的新近活动将中新世红河盆地一分为二,右旋切错至倮头山—大曼迷一带。与此相伴,山前断裂则以正断活动为主。沿“中谷断裂”高角度切错中新统的剪切走滑断面,被断错的中新世条形盆地内发育轴向NE的挤压褶皱及压缩变形的空间变化特征,下中新统、中上中新统、上新统及第四系的分布依次自SE向NW有序迁移且在“中谷断裂”的东北盘节节错后分布等,均表明红河断裂南段中新世以来自SE向NW的不断破裂扩展和右旋走滑位错;区段内中下中新统较厚的山前磨拉石沉积建造、卷入“中谷断裂”剪切变形的强度中新统明显强于上新统等表明,红河断裂南段大规模的右旋走滑运动应发生在中中新世前后,其FT年龄约为距今13.7Ma;根据切错的中新统的平面尺度、用平衡剖面法恢复压缩前盆地的长度和由断层变形带宽度等计算,求得红河断裂带南段中新世以来大型右旋位错总量介于62~69km,中值为65km。研究资料还表明,红河断裂右旋走滑运动作为一个过程,经历转换活动期(N1)、右旋走滑初始期(N21)、大型右旋走滑期(N31—N21)和右旋走滑扩展期(N22—Qp1)等多个发生、发 相似文献
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Improved knowledge on overland flow (OF) generation and its dynamics (i.e. spatial and temporal variations) is essential to understand catchment hydrology, a prerequisite for better water resources and soil management. In this study, our main objective was to quantify the dynamics of OF during rainfall events and to assess its main factors of control. The research study was undertaken in an agricultural 23‐ha catchment of a communal pasture in KwaZulu‐Natal (South Africa) experiencing Mediterranean climate and with variations of soil, topography and vegetation conditions. The dynamics of OF was evaluated during three rainfall seasons (2007 to 2010) by using 1 × 1‐m² microplots (n = 15) located at five landscape positions. At each location, a microplot was equipped with an automatic tipping bucket linked to a logger to estimate the delay between the start of the rain and the start of OF [i.e. the time to runoff initiation (TRI)]. Multivariate analysis was applied to the total OF and TRI data and the information on selected environmental factors (rainfall characteristics; soil type; soil clay content, Clay; proportion of the soil surface covered by vegetation, Cov; proportion of the soil surface covered by crusting, Crust; mean slope gradient, S; soil bulk density, ρb; soil water tension at different depths, SWT). The average OF rate over the 3‐year study period varied 2.3‐fold across the catchment (from 15% footslope to 35% backslope), whereas the average TRI varied by a 10.6‐fold factor (between 0.6 min at bottomland and 6.4 min at footslope). TRI temporal variations correlated the most with event duration (r = 0.8) and cumulative amount of rainfall since the onset of the rainy season (r = ?0.47), whereas TRI spatial variations were controlled the most by Crust (?0.97 < r < ?0.77). Ultimately, TRI spatial variations were modelled and mapped in an attempt to model OF dynamics over the entire microcatchment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Typical pump-and-treat (PAT) optimization problems involve design of pumping schemes, while minimizing cost and meeting a set of constraints. Due to scarcity of information about the hydrogeological system, stochastic modeling approaches can be used to assess tradeoffs between optimality and reliability. Using a stochastic approach, the constrained, single-objective problem may be turned into a multiobjective problem by substituting constraint inequalities with an additional objective function (OF) that accounts for the reliability of the PAT process. In this work, two approaches are analyzed: in one case, the additional OF consists of the probability of failure of a given remediation policy; in another, the OF additional is represented by the recourse, namely the penalty cost induced by the violation of constraints. In order to overcome the overwhelming computational cost required by stochastic simulation, surrogate forms of the OFs are introduced. In the test case under investigation, such functions are estimated by a kriging interpolation of the OF over a series of data points obtained from stochastic simulations of flow and transport, and calibrated against stochastic optimization solutions. The analysis of the two approaches for addressing the tradeoff of cost vs. reliability indicates that recourse accounts not only for the frequency of constraint violations, as the probability of failure does, but also for the intensity with which these occur. Ultimately, the recourse method allows considering less restrictive policies, although these may be highly sensitive to the choice of penalty functions. 相似文献
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Water quality problems are frequently influenced by hydrological processes, particularly in landscapes in which land drainage has been modified. The expansion of agricultural tile drainage in the Northern Great Plains of North America is occurring, yet is controversial due to persistent water quality problems such as eutrophication. Runoff‐generating mechanisms in North American tile‐drained landscapes in vertisolic soils have not been investigated but are important for understanding the impacts of tile drainage on water quantity and quality. This study evaluated the role of climate drivers on the activation of overland (OF) and tile (TF) flow and groundwater flow responses (GWT) on tile‐drained and nontile‐drained farm fields in Southern Manitoba, Canada. The response times of different flow paths (OF, TF, and GWT) were compared for 23 hydrological events (April–September 2015, 2016) to infer dominant runoff generation processes. Runoff responses (all pathways) were more rapid following higher intensity rainfall. Subsurface responses were hastened by wetter antecedent conditions in spring and delayed by the seasonal soil–ice layer. The activation of OF did not differ between the tiled and nontiled fields, suggesting that tile drains do little to reduce the occurrence of OF in this landscape. Rapid vertical preferential flow into tiles via preferential flow pathways was uncommon at our site, and the soil profile instead wet up from the top down. These conclusions have implications for the expansion of tile drainage and the impact of such an expansion on hydrological and biogeochemical processes in agricultural landscapes. 相似文献
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《Ground water》1972,10(4):51-51
Book Reviewed in this article:
WATER PUBLICATIONS OF STATE AGENCIES complied by Gerald J. Giefer. 相似文献
WATER PUBLICATIONS OF STATE AGENCIES complied by Gerald J. Giefer. 相似文献
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A new simulation/optimization modeling approach is presented for addressing uncertain knowledge of aquifer parameters. The Robustness Enhancing Optimizer (REO) couples genetic algorithm and tabu search as optimizers and incorporates aquifer parameter sensitivity analysis to guide multiple-realization optimization. The REO maximizes strategy robustness for a pumping strategy that is optimal for a primary objective function (OF), such as cost. The more robust a strategy, the more likely it is to achieve management goals in the field, even if the physical system differs from the model. The REO is applied to trinitrotoluene and Royal Demolition Explosive plumes at Umatilla Chemical Depot in Oregon to develop robust least cost strategies. The REO efficiently develops robust pumping strategies while maintaining the optimal value of the primary OF-differing from the common situation in which a primary OF value degrades as strategy reliability increases. The REO is especially valuable where data to develop realistic probability density functions (PDFs) or statistically derived realizations are unavailable. Because they require much less field data, REO-developed strategies might not achieve as high a mathematical reliability as strategies developed using many realizations based upon real aquifer parameter PDFs. REO-developed strategies might or might not yield a better OF value in the field. 相似文献
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A total of 16 strong earthquakes with Ms≥7.0 occurred in the world in 2002 according to the determination of the Chinese Seismic Station Network (Table 1 ). The two strongest earthquakes were Sumatra earthquake (Ms7.8, November 2) and Alaska earthquake ( Ms 7.8 November 4) . Fig. 1 is the distribution of strong earthquakes that occurred in 2002. The global seismicity pattern in 2002 was similar to the ones since 1999. The frequency and strength apparently decreased in 2002 compared with the seismicity in 2001. 相似文献