共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 812 毫秒
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利用振动三轴仪和共振柱仪对原状和重塑海洋粉土的动强度、动剪切模量和阻尼比进行试验研究,并对原状和重塑样所表现出的动力特性的差异进行对比分析。试验结果表明：在相同工况下,原状海洋粉土的动剪切模量和参考剪应变均大于重塑样,阻尼比与重塑样比较接近;归一化的G/Gmax-γ/γr和λ-γ/γr关系曲线可以很好地消除重塑样的扰动性所引起的影响;原状海洋粉土的液化应力比和动强度比在相同工况下的重塑样小,原状和重塑样在相同等效循环振次下的动强度的差异性随着固结比的增大而减小;在试样即将破坏时,重塑样的孔压急剧增大,原状样的孔压趋于稳定值。 相似文献
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为了研究近代海相沉积软土的变形特征,本文对珠江三角洲河口地区的全新世海相沉积的软土进行了室内单轴压缩与不同围压下作用下的三轴固结不排水(CU)、不固结不排水(UU)的剪切试验。试验结果表明:原状土和重塑土样的孔隙比随压力的增大而下降,且与加压方式有密切关系,加压幅度越小,土的扰动破坏越小;原状土样固结系数随着压力增加而递减,整体近似符合指数函数分布,重塑土样固结系数随着压力增加逐渐增大,整体近似符合线性函数分布。在相同的固结压力下,原状土样的强度低于重塑土样的强度。土样的应力应变曲线为应变硬化型,且围压对重塑土的影响小于原状土。 相似文献
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黄土液化演化过程的微观机理分析是液化防御的科学问题之一。通过微细观及动力学试验探索黄土液化的本质和影响因素。首先用CT细观扫描实验探索黄土渗透液化的细观变化,研究表明土体液面上升的根本原因是弱碱性盐类胶结物的吸水作用导致土样含水面整体上升;试样达到高饱和度,大孔隙周围颗粒间胶结物质破坏后有效应力为零,土层液化。粉土的孔隙尺寸和特殊的胶结物质导致高饱和度。土样微观结构的差异也会影响土的液面上升和破坏强度。针对低黏性粉土、粉质砂土及粉质黏土的三类黄土液化实验分析表明,低黏性粉土动荷加载时间更短,更易于液化,即低粘性粉土液化最为严重,粉质砂土为中等液化,粉质黏土相比其他黄土类别不易液化。电镜扫描土样微观结构参数分析表明,土颗粒周围胶结物质的化学元素比值(Ca/Fe),以及土颗粒粒径分布和孔隙尺寸(孔隙与颗粒比)均影响液化等级,可初步判断液化的强弱。 相似文献
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动荷载作用下土阻尼比的试验对比研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文对一粉质粘土,在100kPa、200kPa、300kPa 3种固结压力下,分别进行了原状土样的循环单剪试验、扰动土样的动三轴试验,得到了该粉质粘土2种土样、3种固结压力下的D/Ddm ax-γ曲线。试验结果表明,由循环单剪试验得到的原状土的D/Ddm ax-γ曲线与扰动土样的动三轴试验结果D/Ddm ax-γ曲线有一定差异,且随着固结压力的不同而变化。 相似文献
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为探究重复循环荷载作用下含水率、固结压力对原状黄土动力特性、变形性状的影响规律,利用英国GDS双向动态三轴试验系统模拟交通荷载,对海东地区原状黄土进行动三轴试验研究。试验结果表明：单一重复循环动荷载作用下,在加载初期,海东地区原状黄土的轴向动应变随着循环次数的增大急剧增加,后期缓慢增加至趋于稳定,即发生应变硬化现象。在加载初期,含水率、固结压力对原状黄土的轴向动应变无明显影响,当循环次数N>400时,原状黄土的轴向动应变随含水率的升高而增加,随固结压力的增大而减小。动剪切模量随循环次数的增加出现先减小后增加再减小的变化,随含水率的升高有较大幅度的降低。动阻尼比随循环次数的增加先增加后减小,随含水率的升高而增大。表明海东地区原状黄土所具有的大孔隙架空结构使其在重复循环荷载作用下易发生振动变形。 相似文献
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镇江地区的下蜀土常作为路基填料,然而在干湿循环作用下其变形特性如何还缺少系统研究.以镇江南徐大道附近的下蜀土为试样,开展不同干湿循环次数下的固结压缩试验,研究下蜀土的变形特性与干湿循环次数的变化规律,并以此为基础,分析干湿循环对下蜀土路基沉降的影响.研究结果表明:随着干湿循环次数的增加,镇江下蜀土的压缩系数逐渐增大,经历5次干湿循环后,下蜀土的压缩系数趋于稳定;干湿循环对下蜀土路基沉降的影响较大,随着干湿循环次数的增加,下蜀土路基变形的影响区域从较深层逐渐向干湿循环影响层过渡. 相似文献
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Patterns of soil water repellency change with wetting and drying: the influence of cracks,roots and drainage conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 Laboratory experiments were used to investigate the influence of simulated cracks and roots on soil water repellency (SWR) dynamics with and without basal drainage impedance in wetting–drying cycles. Observations and measurements were taken following water application equivalent to 9.2‐mm rainfall and then periodically during 80 h of drying. In total, 180 experiments were carried out using 60 samples of three homogeneous, reconstituted soils with different organic matter contents and textures, but of similar initial severity of SWR [18% molarity of an ethanol droplet (MED)]. Water flowing down the cracks and roots left the soil matrix largely dry and water repellent except for vertical zones adjacent to them and a shallow surface layer. A hydrophilic shallow basal layer was produced in experiments where basal drainage was impeded. During drying, changes in SWR were largely confined to the zones that had been wetted. Soil that had remained dry retained the initial severity of SWR, while wetted soil re‐established either the same or slightly lower severity of SWR. In organic‐rich soil, the scale of recovery to pre‐wetting MED levels was much higher, perhaps associated with temporarily raised levels (up to 36% MED) of SWR recorded during drying of these soils. With all three soils, the re‐establishment of the original SWR level was less widespread for surface than subsurface soil and with impeded than unimpeded basal drainage. Key findings are that as follows: (1) with unimpeded basal drainage, the soils remained at pre‐wetting repellency levels except for a wettable thin surface layer and zones close to roots and cracks, (2) basal drainage impedance produced hydrophilic basal and surface layers, (3) thorough wetting delayed a return to water‐repellent conditions on drying, and (4) temporarily enhanced SWR occurred in organic‐rich soils at intermediate moisture levels during drying. Hydrological implications are discussed, and the roles of cracks and roots are placed into context with other influences on preferential flow and SWR under field conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Tomasz Hueckel Boleslaw Mielniczuk Moulay S. El Youssoufi Liang B. Hu Lyesse Laloui 《Acta Geophysica》2014,62(5):1049-1059
Cracking is a most unwanted development in soil structures undergoing periodic drying and wetting. Desiccation cracks arise in an apparent absence of external forces. Hence, either an internal, self-equilibrated stress pattern resulting from kinematic incompatibilities, or a stress resulting from reaction forces at the constraints appear as a cracking cause, when reaching tensile strength. At a meso-scale, tubular drying pores are considered in the vicinity of a random imperfection, inducing a stress concentration in the presence of significant pore suction. This approach allows one to use the effective stress analysis, which otherwise, away from the stress concentration, usually yields compressive effective stress and hence a physically incompatible criterion for a tensile crack. Recent experiments on idealized configurations of clusters of grains provide geometrical data suggesting that an imperfection as a result of air entry deep into the granular medium penetrates over 4 to 8 internal radii of a typical pore could yield a tensile effective stress sufficient for crack propagation. 相似文献
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采用X射线CT技术无损探测岩石内部结构和裂纹演化过程 ,起源于 2 0世纪 80年代后期 ,由最初对CT图像的认识逐步深化为对岩石裂纹演化规律的分析和应用研究。基于室内岩石试件扫描断面的CT图像 ,目前在岩石变形破坏过程的实时监测、加荷条件多样化、裂纹演化规律性、裂纹宽度的定量测量、岩石裂纹三维图像重建、损伤演化与损伤变量分析、CT成果应用研究等方面取得了一系列进展。岩石CT面临的主要问题是如何获得各种试验条件下精确的CT图像及其成果的应用研究。岩石CT的生命力在于自身理论、技术发展和在相关领域的应用程度 相似文献
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在中国甘肃省的黑方台阶地上从上世纪60年代开始出现人类定居和开垦活动,并自1968年发展为灌溉农业。随着灌溉的进行地面已出现沉陷和滑坡。地表沉陷是由灌溉水的充填引起黄土结构崩塌造成的。然而崩塌和湿润化对剪切特征的影响目前还不清楚。为了研究湿化后的黄土剪切特征的变化,进行了对马兰黄土未经扰动和重塑土样的直接剪切盒测试。结果显示未扰动土样的粘合力和内摩擦角在湿润化后都下降了,而所观察到的重塑土的弹度参数只有少许变化。未扰动土的不饱合粘合力,据认为其受胶结物质的影响,在饱合后消失了。经灌溉的土的不饱合强度参数与未灌溉土相比表现出差异,它们可能受土壤水分的强烈影响。 相似文献
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大气作用下膨胀土地基的水分迁移与胀缩变形分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用土体渗流和蒸发理论,建立了大气-非饱和土相互作用模型;以现场观测的气象数据作为边界条件,进行了地基土中水分迁移的数值模拟,得到了大气作用下地基土体含水量的动态分布规律。计算结果表明,地基土中含水量变化幅度随深度增加而递减,3.5 m深度以下土体的体积含水量基本不变,从而确定了南宁地区膨胀土地基的大气影响层深度为3.5 m。在此基础上,结合已有膨胀土胀缩性指标的干湿循环效应研究成果,提出了一种同时考虑干湿循环效应和1.0 m深处含水量变化的膨胀土地基胀缩变形计算方法,通过算例将该法与传统方法进行比较,结果显示该法更加符合工程实际。 相似文献
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Experimental sandstone weathering using different wetting and drying moisture amplitudes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wetting and drying is an acknowledged yet still poorly understood rock weathering process. Previous experiments documented in the literature measure physical changes or mass loss in relation to moisture oscillations but only one study directly compares different moisture amplitudes by using different modes of moisture application. In this experimental study, four sets of sandstone tablets are subjected to 48 h wetting and drying cycles at set moisture content fluctuations of 29, 42, 56 and 63% respectively. A common moisture application, full immersion, is used for all four sets. Mass loss after 52 cycles averaged 0·27%, some three times more than that of the control samples. Average porosity of the samples increased, while water absorption capacities and the saturation coefficients of the samples decreased. No discernable difference in mass loss or change in physical properties was found between the different sample sets. When compared with previous studies, results suggest that the effect of moisture application type may be more of a controlling factor on the weathering effect than actual moisture content achieved. A need to move towards a more standardized approach in wetting and drying experimental studies is emphasized. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Quantifying Damage, Saturation and Anisotropy in Cracked Rocks by Inverting Elastic Wave Velocities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alexandre Schubnel Philip M. Benson Ben D. Thompson Jim F. Hazzard R. Paul Young 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(5-6):947-973
Crack damage results in a decrease of elastic wave velocities and in the development of anisotropy. Using non-interactive
crack effective medium theory as a fundamental tool, we calculate dry and wet elastic properties of cracked rocks in terms
of a crack density tensor, average crack aspect ratio and mean crack fabric orientation from the solid grains and fluid elastic
properties. Using this same tool, we show that both the anisotropy and shear-wave splitting of elastic waves can be derived.
Two simple crack distributions are considered for which the predicted anisotropy depends strongly on the saturation, reaching
up to 60% in the dry case. Comparison with experimental data on two granites, a basalt and a marble, shows that the range
of validity of the non-interactive effective medium theory model extends to a total crack density of approximately 0.5, considering
symmetries up to orthorhombic. In the isotropic case, Kachanov's (1994) non-interactive effective medium model was used in
order to invert elastic wave velocities and infer both crack density and aspect ratio evolutions. Inversions are stable and
give coherent results in terms of crack density and aperture evolution. Crack density variations can be interpreted in terms
of crack growth and/or changes of the crack surface contact areas as cracks are being closed or opened respectively. More
importantly, the recovered evolution of aspect ratio shows an exponentially decreasing aspect ratio (and therefore aperture)
with pressure, which has broader geophysical implications, in particular on fluid flow. The recovered evolution of aspect
ratio is also consistent with current mechanical theories of crack closure. In the anisotropic cases—both transverse isotropic
and orthorhombic symmetries were considered—anisotropy and saturation patterns were well reproduced by the modelling, and
mean crack fabric orientations we recovered are consistent with in situ geophysical imaging.
Our results point out that: (1) It is possible to predict damage, anisotropy and saturation in terms of a crack density tensor
and mean crack aspect ratio and orientation; (2) using well constrained wave velocity data, it is possible to extrapolate
the contemporaneous evolution of crack density, anisotropy and saturation using wave velocity inversion as a tool; 3) using
such an inversion tool opens the door in linking elastic properties, variations to permeability. 相似文献
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Preliminary results from a continuing series of laboratory experiments designed to examine the combined effects of salt and frost weathering indicate that some salts greatly enhance the breakdown of rocks by frost. Samples of Ardingly Sandstone from southeast England were soaked in saturated solutions of sodium chloride or sodium sulphate and subjected to alternating cycles of freezing and thawing. Rapid disintegration of the sandstone occurred within twenty cycles, in each of the salt solutions. In contrast, samples subjected to freezing and thawing in deionized water suffered very little damage unless they were saturated under vacuum. When samples were subjected to twenty cycles of wetting and drying at temperatures above 0°C, those soaked in deionised water or sodium chloride suffered no appreciable damage but those soaked in sodium sulphate rapidly disintegrated. Tentative explanations of these results are offered. The enhancement of frost weathering by salt appears to have been overlooked by many writers yet it is likely to be an important geomorphological process in those areas of mid and high latitudes where rocks are saturated with sodium salts. 相似文献
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Previous studies have shown that water retention curve (WRC) and the hydraulic conductivity vary because of changes of the void ratio or porosity of soil. However, limited documents pointed out the change of hydraulic properties of soil when compacted to different porosities while considering both of the drying and wetting processes of the WRC. This information is sometimes necessary for research like finger flow analysis or the occurrence of wetting and drying cycles as what would be seen in the field. Therefore, this study aims to examine the change of WRC characteristics with varied porosity considering both of the drying and wetting path in WRC by conducting a sand box experiment. Results show that the same type of sand compacted to various porosities have different hydraulic parameters. Hydraulic conductivities generally decrease with reduced porosities; shape parameter α of the van Genuchten equation (1980) linearly decreases with declining porosity and shape parameter n in a reversal manner for the sands of interest whether in the drying process or wetting process. The unsaturated properties of sand are further characterized by inspecting the variations of moisture content, matric suction and vertical displacement of soil body subject to periodic changes of the water level by another sand box experiment. The outcomes suggest that the saturated water content and residual water content are changing during the wetting–drying process, which can be an implication of the changed properties of WRC. The characteristics of volumetric deformation might be varied as well because of the observation of the dissimilar patterns of the changing vertical displacements among each wetting–drying process. Infiltration patterns of the sands also are identified through numerical modelling by introducing a constant infiltration flux from the surface followed by a no‐influx condition. Results indicate that less water accumulates in the sand near the surface for the sand compacted to higher porosity, but water can move deeper. Hydraulic conductivity is found as the prime factor dominating the evolvement of wetting fronts. However, shape parameters of water retention curves also affect the infiltration pattern to some extent. In addition, different sands with similar porosities can have quite different infiltrating characteristics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献