共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
To improve the understanding of the near-field soil and topographic amplification effects, an analytical solution by the authors for the scattering of plane SH waves by a radially inhomogeneous semi-cylindrical valley is extended to the case of a line source of cylindrical SH waves. Upon confirmation of its accuracy with past exact solutions for a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous semi-cylindrical valley under far-field plane SH waves, the extended solution is used to calculate the ground motion amplification factors for both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous valleys subjected to near-field waves. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted with respect to the location of the wave source, the dimensionless frequency of the incident waves, and the inhomogeneity degree of the covering soil layer. It is found that more amplifications and reductions of ground motions will occur within a certain range in and around the valley as the sources are located further. Consistent with the far-field case, it is confirmed that an increase of the degree of inhomogeneity of the covering soil layer generally amplifies the ground motions significantly. 相似文献
2.
M. D. Trifunac 《地震工程与结构动力学》1972,1(3):267-281
The two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane SH waves by a semi-cylindrical canyon is analysed for a general angle of wave incidence. The closed-form solution of the problem shows that the surface topography can have prominent effects on incident waves only when the wavelengths of incident motion are short compared to the radius of a canyon. The surface amplification of displacement amplitudes around and in the canyon changes rapidly from one point to another, but the amplification is always less than 2. The over-all trends of amplification pattern are determined by two principal parameters: (1) γ, the angle of incidence of plane SH waves, and (2) η, the ratio of radius of the canyon to one-half wave length of incident waves. The higher η leads to greater complexity of the pattern of surface displacement amplitudes characterized by more abrupt changes of amplification from one point to another, while γ mainly determines the over-all trends of displacement amplitudes. For grazing and nearly grazing incidences, for example, a strong shadow zone is developed behind the canyon. The qualitative analysis of the topographic effects on the Pacoima Dam accelerogram,1 based on the semi-cylindrical canyon, suggests that this strong-motion record was not seriously affected by surface topography of the recording site. 相似文献
3.
At large hypocentral distances, it is convenient to approximate the curved transient seismic wavefronts as planar to estimate rotational ground motions from the single-station recordings of translational ground motions. In this paper, we investigate whether and when this approximation, referred to as the ‘plane-wave’ approximation, can be considered adequate close to the source. For this, we consider a simplistic source model comprising a two-dimensional, kinematic shear dislocation SH line-source buried in a homogenous, elastic half-space and assume this to be an equivalent representation of a finite-sized fault. The ‘plane-wave’ rotational motion is then synthesized from the exact translational motion solution to the assumed model and compared with the exact rotational motion solution for this model. The comparison between the two sets of rotational amplitudes in frequency domain suggests that the plane-wave approximation may be adequate, when the wavelengths of the seismic waves are much smaller than the source depth. When this is not true, the plane-wave approximation is seen to underestimate the Fourier amplitudes close to the source by several orders, particularly when the fault planes are vertically oriented. A similar comparison in the time domain indicates that a severe underestimation may also occur when the source rise time is longer than the shear-wave arrival time at the epicenter. Significant discrepancies are also observed between the waveforms of the exact and plane-wave rotational motions. 相似文献
4.
Three-dimensional scattering of seismic waves by a cylindrical alluvial valley embedded in a layered half-space is investigated by using the combination of the boundary integral representation and the finite element method. The surface displacements due to incident plane harmonic body waves (P, SV and SH) propagating at an arbitrary angle to the axis of the cylindrical valley are evaluated numerically for two semi-elliptical alluvial valleys. The presence of the layer is found to have a strong effect on the amplification of the surface displacements in some cases. The three-dimensional motion seems to be quite critical and may cause large amplification. The surface ground motion becomes significant when compared with corresponding free-field motion as the wavelengths become comparable to the characteristic length of the valley. The maximum amplification always occurs atop the valley. Numerical results show that the amplitude and the amplification pattern of the surface displacement strongly depend upon the frequency, the angle and the type of the incident waves. 相似文献
5.
《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2021,20(3)
We present examples of a controlled numerical experiment that contribute towards understanding of the physical phenomena that lead to the reduction of coherency of strong earthquake ground motion. We show examples for separation distance of 100 m between the two points on the ground surface, which is in the range of engineering interest. Our examples illustrate the consequences of:(a) standing waves that result from interference of the incident and reflected waves from a near vertical contrast in material properties,(b) standing waves within a concave inhomogeneity(a semi-circular valley in our examples), and(c) smaller motions in the diffraction zone, behind the inhomogeneity. We show that it is possible to reduce coherency, to the extent observed for recorded strong earthquake ground motion, even by a single inclusion in a half space, for incident ground motion that is coherent. We also illustrate the combined effects of geometric spreading and finite fault width, superimposed on the otherwise dominating effects caused by interference. Our examples show reduction of coherence for specific angles of incident waves, while, for other angles of incidence, the coherence remains essentially equal to one. 相似文献
6.
A method for calculating the two-dimensional scattering of incident SH waves by canyons of arbitrary shape is presented. The problem is formulated in terms of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind with the integration path outside the boundary. Point-source discretization and a least-squares scheme are used. Numerical results are compared with the known analytic solution for a semi-cylindrical canyon. Spatial variations of surface amplitudes are computed for triangular and half-cycle sinusoidal canyons as well. 相似文献
7.
Introduction The effect of local topographies on seismic wave propagation is one of the most attractive topics in seismology. It may be resolved by either an analytical method or a numerical method. Here, the analytical method is the wave function expansion method; numerical methods include the finite difference, finite element, boundary integration equation, and discrete wave number method, etc. The advantage of these numerical methods is that they can be applied to local inhomogeneity and ir… 相似文献
8.
Yang Caihong 《中国地震研究》2010,24(2):155-166
Through the Fourier-Bessel series expansion of wave functions,the analytical solution to the two-dimensional scattering problem of incidental plane P waves by circular-arc canyon topography with different depth-to-width ratio is deduced.Unlike other existing analytical solutions,in order to ensure that the analytical solution is valid for higher frequency incident waves,the asymptotic properties of cylindrical functions are in this paper introduced to directly determine the unknown coefficients of scattering waves,avoiding the solution of linear equation systems and corresponding numerical issues,which in turn expand the frequency band in which the analytical solution is valid.Comparison with other existing analytical solutions demonstrates that the proposed analytical solution is correct.Furthermore,the scattering effects of a circular-arc canyon on the incident plane P wave are analyzed in a comparatively broad frequency band. 相似文献
9.
圆弧状凹陷地形对平面P波的散射:高频解答 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用波函数的Fourier-Bessel级数展开,推导了具有不同深宽比的圆弧状凹陷地形对入射平面P波二维散射问题的解析解.与现有解析解不同之处在于,为了使该解析解适用于更高的入射波频率,本文利用了柱函数的渐进性质,使得散射波的待定系数可以直接确定,避免了线性方程组的求解以及相关的数值计算问题,从而拓展了该解析解适用的频带范围.通过与现有解析解的比较,论证了该解析解的正确性,进而在一个较宽的频带范围内分析了圆弧状凹陷地形对入射平面P波的散射效应. 相似文献
10.
蒋通 《地震工程与工程振动》1996,16(2):25-32
本文根据边界元方法建立了位不规则场上刚体的动阻抗和在入射平面波作用下的有效输入运动的分析模型，分析模型考虑了不规则场地和基础对入射波的散射作用以及土与基础的相互作用，通过验证确认了本方法的正确性，文中计算了凹陷，高地和盆地三种不规则场地土不同条件基础的动阻和有效输入的运动，并与半空间地基上相应基础的情况作了对比，计算表明，当基础尺寸与不规则场地范围可比时有必要用本文模型分析不规则场地的影响和土一结 相似文献
11.
SH波入射时半圆形凸起与凹陷地形的地震动 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了弹性半空间中半圆形凸起与凹陷相连地形对SH波的散射问题。将整个求解区域分割为2部分,在其中分别构造满足边界条件的位移解,通过移动坐标使之满足“公共边界”以及半圆形凹陷表面上的边界条件,从而建立起求解该问题的无穷代数方程组。最后,给出了地表位移幅值的数值结果以及凸起地形顶点和凹陷地形最低点处位移幅值的反应谱并进行了讨论。 相似文献
12.
SH波入射时多个半圆形沉积谷地附近浅埋圆形孔洞的动力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文采用辅助函数的思想,利用复变函数和多级坐标的方法给出了SH波入射条件下多个半圆形沉积谷地附近浅埋圆形孔洞动力分析问题的解答。将整个求解区域分割成两部分来处理,区域I为多个半圆形沉积谷地,区域II为浅埋圆形孔洞附近带半圆形凹陷的半无限弹性空间。在区域I和II中分别构造位移解,并在二个区域的“公共边界”上实施位移应力的连续条件,建立求解该问题的无穷代数方程组。最后,本文给出了算例和数值结果,并对其进行了讨论。 相似文献
13.
In this paper we analyse the two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane SH waves by a semi-elliptical canyon. The exact series solution of the problem, for general angle of incidence of the plane SH waves, has been used to examine the dependence of surface amplifications inside and near the canyon. The nature of ground motion has been found to depend on two key parameters: (a) The angle of incidence. (b) The ratio of the canyon width to the wave length of incident SH waves. For short incident waves surface displacement amplitudes change rapidly from one point to another, while for the long waves and shallow canyons displacement amplitudes display only minor departure from the uniform half-space amplification of 2. For shallow canyons and long incident waves, the angle of incidence introduces only minor changes into the overall behaviour of surface amplitudes. For deep canyons and nearly grazing incidences, a prominent shadow zone is realized behind the canyon. 相似文献
14.
利用Fourier Bessel级数展开法，给出了表面具有覆盖层的圆弧形凹陷地形对入射平面SV波散射问题的一个解析解，并利用该解分析了不同深宽比凹陷地形表面覆盖层刚度和厚度对入射SV波的影响．结果表明，凹陷地形表面覆盖层的存在，即使厚度很薄，也会显著增加对入射SV波的放大作用，该放大作用可达到单一凹陷地形的2.5倍以上．覆盖层刚度和厚度的变化对入射平面SV波也具有很大影响． 相似文献
15.
An indirect boundary integral method to obtain the three-dimensional response of an infinitely long, layered, viscoelastic valley of arbitrary cross-section embedded in a layered viscoelastic half-space is presented. The valley is excited by homogeneous plane waves impinging at an oblique angle with respect to the axis of the valley. The method and associated computer programs are tested by comparison with available results in the limiting two-dimensional case of incidence normal to the axis of the valley. Additional comparisons with previous three-dimensional results obtained by a hybrid finite element-boundary integral method for cylindrical valleys subjected to obliquely incident waves show large differences. However, the results obtained here for an infinitely long valley appear to be in some agreement with earlier results for an elongated prolate semi-ellipsoidal valley and with results obtained by a discrete wavenumber boundary element approach. An extensive bibliography on the dynamic response of valleys is also presented. 相似文献
16.
以Biot饱和多孔介质动力学理论为基础,利用Fourier Bessel级展开法,给出了饱和多孔介质半空间中半球形凹陷地形对入射平面SV波散射问题的解析解.利用这一解析解数值计算地表位移幅值,分析入射角、入射波频率对地表位移幅值的影响,并与现存的单相介质情况下三维半球形凹陷问题解析解进行对比得出如下结论：(1)本文两相介质模型与单相介质模型有很大区别;(2)入射角、入射频率对场地表面位移分量有重要影响;(3)随着入射角、入射频率的增大,地表位移分布变得更复杂,且放大效应比单相介质模拟结果更加显著. 相似文献
17.
探讨了基于差分进化-人工神经网络构建沉积河谷地震响应代理模型的可行性。首先建立沉积河谷对地震波散射的求解方法,以半圆形、V形沉积河谷为例,以入射波条件、沉积内外介质属性、场地形状为特征参数,以沉积河谷地震动放大系数为预测目标参数,构建数据集;其次,建立沉积河谷地震动放大效应人工神经网络、差分进化-人工神经网络算法预测模型,对比两种算法计算精度和稳定性,并进行了特征参数敏感性分析。结果表明:人工神经网络能较好地预测沉积河谷地震动放大效应,使差分进化-人工神经网络预测模型的精度和稳定性显著提高;入射波频率是影响沉积河谷地震动放大系数的主要原因,沉积内外介质密度比的影响较小。本研究结论可对地震作用下更为复杂的局部场地效应预测和评估提供参考。 相似文献
18.
The method of wave-function expansion in elliptical coordinates,elliptical cosine half-range expansion and Mathieu function were applied to obtain an exact analytical solution of the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF)around an elliptical cavity in a shallow,semi-elliptical hill.An infinite system of simultaneous linear equations for solving this problem was established by substituting the wave expression obtained by the Mathieu function including the standing wave expression of elliptical lining given herein into the boundary condition obtained by the region-matching method.The finite equations system with unknown coefficients obtained by truncation were solved numerically,and the results in the case of an ellipse degenerating into a circle were compared with previous results to verify the accuracy of the method.The effects of different aspect ratios,incident wave angles and aperture ratios on the dynamic stress concentration around the elliptical cavity were described.Some numerical results,when the elliptical hill was changed into a circular one,were analyzed and compared in detail.In engineering,this model can be regarded as a semi-cylindrical hill with an elliptical cylindrical unlined tunnel under the action of SH waves,and the results are significant in aseismic design. 相似文献
19.
An analytical solution for scattering of plane P waves by a semi-cylindrical hill was derived by using the wave function expansion method, and convergence of the solution and accuracy of truncation were verified. The effect of incident frequency and incident angle on the surface motion of the hill was discussed, and it was shown that a hill greatly amplifies incident plane P waves, and maximum horizontal displacement amplitudes appear mostly at the inclined incidence of waves, which are located at the half-space; and maximum vertical displacement amplitudes emerge mostly at the vertical incidence of waves, which are situated at the hill. 相似文献
20.
Introduction Scattering of incident waves by local topographies is one of the most attractive topics in the field of engineering seismology. They can be resolved by either a numerical method or an analyti-cal method. The numerical methods include finite difference method, finite element method, boundary element method, etc. The analytical method is the wave function expansion method. Al-though numerical methods can be used for arbitrary-shaped topographies, the analytical solutions are still … 相似文献