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《世界地震工程》2016,(4)
基于性态的抗震设计在国际上已被广泛采用,它被认为是未来抗震设计的主要指导思想。但是现行的基于性态的抗震设计主要针对的是结构构件的性态设计,对非结构构件的性态设计考虑不足,而非结构构件基于性态的抗震设计是完整实现整体建筑结构"基于性态抗震设计"的组成部分。首先对非结构构件的分类进行了重新梳理;分析了不同类别非结构构件的震害表现,总结了非结构构件的破坏模式及震害反应特征,并对相应的控制指标进行了说明;在此基础上,尝试给出了考虑非结构构件的建筑抗震设防目标,绘制了相应的非结构性态目标矩阵;最后,将整体建筑结构的性态目标进行了分解,以期为完整地实现包括结构、非结构的建筑整体的抗震性态设计框架奠定基础。 相似文献
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关于抗震设计样板规范 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
论述了抗震设计样板规范的由来和发展,探讨了样板规范的作用和特点,提出了在我国编制和发展样板规范的必要性和途径,且提出了一套较完整的、基于性态设计的工程结构使用功能分类和抗震设计分类的原则,框架和方法。 相似文献
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用增量动力分析方法求解人字形中心支撑钢框架的结构影响系数和位移放大系数(Ⅰ)——方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
结构影响系数是基于强度的抗震设计中确定设计地震作用的关键,也是基于性态抗震设计理论的基础。位移放大系数则是根据结构的弹性位移估算弹塑性位移的关键参数。本文采用增量动力分析方法求解结构影响系数和位移放大系数,并结合具体算例详细说明了基于增量动力分析求解结构影响系数和位移放大系数的实施步骤。该方法能反映结构的动力特征,并能考虑高阶振型对结构抗震性能的影响。 相似文献
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基于结构性能的抗震设计理论研究与展望 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:11
基于结构性能的抗震设计理论进90年代国际地震工程提出的新概念,是抗震设计理念上的一次变革。本文阐述了基于结构性能的抗震设计理论产生的背景,基本内容,主要特点及发展概况,并结合我国抗震设计理论和实际的现状就其研究和应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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强度折减系数既是基于强度的抗震设计中确定设计地震力的关键因素,又是基于性态的抗震设计理论中确定非弹性反应谱的主要依据. 本文结合我国抗震设计反应谱的形式和特点,应用823条国内外水平向地震动记录(充分利用了我国取得的强震记录),给出了一种考虑设计地震分组和场地类别的强度折减系数模型,研究了结构周期、延性、场地类别、设计地震分组、震级、震中距等因素对强度折减系数的影响. 结果表明:场地条件对强度折减系数的影响是不可忽略的,特别是对延性较大的短周期结构更应注意场地条件的影响;设计地震分组是影响强度折减系数的一个重要因素,在应用我国规范设计反应谱构造非弹性反应谱所用的强度折减系数必须考虑设计分组的影响;震级对强度折减系数的影响较小;如不考虑近场大脉冲地震动记录的影响,震中距对强度折减系数的影响是可以忽略的. 相似文献
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通过对CECS160与GB50011-2001以及IBC-2003等规范的初步对比分析,就CECS160中有关基于性态设计的抗震设防概念、地震动参数取值以及抗震建筑分类等内容进行了讨论,并对CECS160在抗震设计中的具体实施提出一些看法。 相似文献
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Performance‐based seismic design (PBSD) can be considered as the coupling of expected levels of ground motion with desired levels of structural performance, with the objective of achieving greater control over earthquake‐induced losses. Eurocode 8 (EC8) already envisages two design levels of motion, for no collapse and damage limitation performance targets, anchored to recommended return periods of 475 and 95 years, respectively. For PBSD the earthquake actions need to be presented in ways that are appropriate to the estimation of inelastic displacements, since these provide an effective control on damage at different limit states. The adequacy of current earthquake actions in EC8 are reviewed from this perspective and areas requiring additional development are identified. The implications of these representations of the seismic loads, in terms of mapping and zonation, are discussed. The current practice of defining the loading levels on the basis of the pre‐selected return periods is challenged, and ideas are discussed for calibrating the loading‐performance levels for design on the basis of quantitative earthquake loss estimation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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随着地震工程学的发展和结构抗震设计思想和理论的进步,探讨结构在地震作用下的地震损伤破坏机理和基于结构性能的抗震设计方法(PBSD)逐渐得到了各国专家、学者的重视。而地震损伤评估的研究就是其中的一个重要方向。鉴于现阶段混凝土结构地震损伤评估方法的局限性,本文采用推广的混凝土材料的Mazars损伤模型,进而提出了一种基于常规有限元分析荷载子步的简化的地震损伤评估方法,这种方法实现简单,便于实际工程应用,同时具有一定的精细性。最后,将本文的损伤评估方法应用到一个钢筋混凝土框架的地震损伤评估实例中,分析结果与实验和实际的震害比较吻合,表明本文提出的模型和方法是有效的。 相似文献
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规则桥梁抗震性能水准的定义及其量化描述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于性能的结构抗震设计是各国结构抗震设计规范未来的主要发展方向,虽然其理论框架已基本形成,然而其中至关重要的结构抗震性能水准的定义及其量化描述问题,目前仍处于研究探讨阶段.本文从公路梁式桥震害现象出发,采用极限状态设计概念,对规则桥梁在地震作用下的性能水准予以明确的定义;并以墩顶漂移率作为设计参数,通过对大量试验数据的... 相似文献
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地震灾害造成的损失随社会发展而加重。经济迅速发展的我国新世纪防震减灾应采取新措施;需要提高地震设防标准,鼓励部分建筑先坚固起来,使我国建设的抗震能力在几十年内逐步达到国际先进水平;应在全国范围内抑制虚报,科学地确定地震预报的震级下限,通过清理地震预报方法提高报准率,从总体上提高地震预报效益;应重视震时应急行动的研究;应加强企业的防震减灾工作,并通过立法加以落实。 相似文献
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With the increasing emphasis of performance‐based earthquake engineering in the engineering community, several investigations have been presented outlining simplified approaches suitable for performance‐based seismic design (PBSD). Central to most of these PBSD approaches is the use of closed‐form analytical solutions to the probabilistic integral equations representing the rate of exceedance of key performance measures. Situations where such closed‐form solutions are not appropriate primarily relate to the problem of extrapolation outside of the region in which parameters of the closed‐form solution are fit. This study presents a critical review of the closed‐form solution for the annual rate of structural collapse. The closed‐form solution requires the assumptions of lognormality of the collapse fragility and power model form of the ground motion hazard, of which the latter is more significant regarding the error of the closed‐form solution. Via a parametric study, the key variables contributing to the error between the closed‐form solution and solution via numerical integration are illustrated. As these key variables cannot be easily measured, it casts doubt on the use of such closed‐form solutions in future PBSD, especially considering the simple and efficient nature of using direct numerical integration to obtain the solution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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概述了当前美国和日本对地震预测、抗震设计、地震应急和地震防御的几个观点,指出了地震科学今后的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Studies are made on the structural damage at the Ashiyahama residential high‐rise steel building complex due to the Hyogo‐ken Nanbu Earthquake (Kobe Earthquake), which occurred on 17 January 1995. The axial breakage of very thick‐plated steel columns of the mega‐structure is unprecedented and has been attracting the special attention of structural engineers. The cause of the damage is first investigated from numerical computation with recourse to an explicit method of dynamic analysis based on a continuous medium. The numerical result is compared with that obtained from a conventional multi‐mass lumped stiffness model combined with an equivalent lateral‐force procedure. By comparing both the numerical results, the latter conventional method is shown to be inadequate for achieving earthquake‐resistant capability. The destructive power of the ground motion is found to have exceeded the horizontal earthquake‐resistant capacity that is prescribed in the structural design criteria. Great axial stresses are produced in columns by combined action of bending moment and axial force due to overturning moment. The fracture of heavy steel columns is caused from only the horizontal component of seismic ground motion. Actual locations of significant damage are closely related to the occurrence of plastic hinges in the analysis. It is emphasized as a warning to avoid yielding concentration in particular storeys. Lastly, recommendations to enhance earthquake‐resistant design are proposed from a practical point of view. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献