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在河北赤城井井下30 m、53 m、58 m处分别安装了3个温度传感器,进行水温微动态观测。通过对2004年12月以来全球发生的22次M_S≥8.0地震时赤城井不同深度水温观测数据的变化进行研究发现,井下30 m处水温均无明显同震变化;而7次大震时53 m、58 m处水温有明显的同震变化,53 m处水温同震初始变化形态均为上升,58 m处均为下降。同时,对水温变化机理进行探讨发现,井下30 m处水温日变幅度偏大是记录不到地震的主要原因;水温同震初始变化是由井孔水体对流引起的,53 m处水温同震初始变化形态均为上升是由于该处位于负温度梯度带,井孔中水体受震荡激发而加速对流与掺混是导致58 m处水温同震初始下降的主要原因,赤城井水温同震初始变化的后效恢复过程为热传导作用的结果。 相似文献
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整理2016年1月21日1时13分青海门源M_S 6.4地震数字化形变观测资料,分析此次地震同震响应记录,重点研究地倾斜同震响应随空间的变化特征。结果发现:地倾斜同震响应与地震台站位置有关,对于不同台站,同震响应具有不同的变化形态。统计认为,同震响应曲线形态具有的优势指向对发震断层走向具有一定指示意义。 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震及其强余震引起的唐山井水位同震响应特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
统计了汶川8.0级地震及其强余震引起的唐山井水位同震变化的幅度参数（最大振幅、阶变量）和时间参数（最大振幅时刻,同震持续时间）,以及邻近的陡河台记录的地震波的体波和面波的到时．计算分析了同震参数与震级（ML,MS和MW三种震级）、井-震距、震源深度的相关方程及同震参数间的相关关系．结果表明,同震变化量与MS震级的相关性最好,与震源深度和井-震距相关性较弱;同震最大幅度与同震阶变量、同震持续时间相关性很高,水位同震振荡和阶变均来自地震波引起的动应变;水位同震振荡的最大振幅发生在S波至瑞利波时段,水位同震响应是地震波与水文地质环境等多种因素共同作用的结果． 相似文献
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收集了2008~2016年广西桂平西山井水位观测数据及全球5级以上地震资料,分析井孔记录水震波的能力、水震波形态特征及影响因素,初步探讨了西山井同震的机理,获得以下认识:桂平西山井对全球M_S≥7地震具有较好的同震响应能力,水震波的形态主要为振荡型,少数呈现阶升型。井-含水层观测系统、地震震级、井震距是影响井孔记录水震波能力的主要因素。含水层介质受瑞利面波作用会发生体积变化,导致水位振荡,是形成振荡型水震波的可能机理。阶变型水震波的形成与区域应力场增强、介质变化及构造活动等因素有关。西山井水位阶升与周边中强地震活动存在较好对应关系,该认识可为地震预测研究提供参考。 相似文献
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选取中国大陆有代表性的31次M_S≥5.0地震,分别进行G—R公式的地震拟合优度计算,并对计算结果进行逐一分析,结果发现,77%的地震震中周边一定区域内地震拟合优度在震前表现出明显下降异常,若同震或震后1-2个月内再次出现明显下降,数年内周边500km以内往往有中强地震发生。异常出现的时间、形态和幅度等与地震震级、发震构造等关系不明显。部分地震震前异常不明显,可能与震源深度、监测能力等有关。 相似文献
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2011年3月11日的日本Mw9.0地震在中国引起了大范围的井水温度同震变化,而水温震后持续变化的井孔多数分布在井网密度较大、距震中较近的环渤海地区。本文分析了环渤海地区水温震后变化的特征和机理。结果表明,水温震后变化形态为上升,变幅0. 005~0.976°C,空间分布在同震位移较大、张性应变较明显和地震能量密度较大的区域;依据同井水位资料,一些井孔的水温和水位震后变化特征较一致,其水温震后升高可能是地震波增大含水层渗透性的结果;另一些井孔的水位震后变化不显著,其水温震后升高可能与地震波增大井区大地热流有关。 相似文献
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《地震工程学报》2016,(Z1)
收集整理了河北省地下流体观测井网对尼泊尔MS8.1地震有响应的数字水位资料,分析其同震响应特征,探讨响应机理。结果显示,17个水位测项中10个有同震响应;水位同震响应形态类型有三种:振荡型、振荡-阶变型、脉冲型;含水层岩性为灰岩和安山玢岩的井孔,其水震波的振荡幅度较大;对于振荡-阶变型同震响应形态的井孔水位总是先记录到振荡,然后才是阶变;各井孔水位对尼泊尔地震的响应时间快慢有很大差距,这主要是由各观测井仪器的时间服务系统走时差不等造成的;数字水位的振荡幅度上下不对称,可能是因为仪器的采样率低引起的。井孔水位同震响应后效残留阶升意味着压应力的增强及地震危险性的增加;未记录到地震的观测井可能与井孔结构及所处的构造部位有关。 相似文献
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重庆井网水位水温同震响应特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文以2008年以来全球范围内发生的5次大地震为例,对重庆井网水位和水温同震响应特征进行了分析,结合井孔水文地质条件和自身观测条件,探讨了不同同震响应现象的可能成因并对其机理进行了探讨。结果表明,水位的记震能力优于水温,水位同震响应形态主要包括上升、下降和振荡三种类型,且同一口井水位对不同地震的响应形态不同;水温的同震响应形态主要包括上升和下降两种类型,其中只有荣昌华江和北碚柳荫井水温对5次地震均有同震响应,且同一口井水温对不同地震的响应形态相同。进一步分析表明,北碚柳荫井水位的同震响应能力优于荣昌华江井水位,北碚柳荫井水位的同震振幅与地震能密度成正比,并给出了其同震变化幅度与地震能量密度的对应关系。最后分别对水位和水温同震响应机理进行了探讨。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献