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太湖作为典型的风生流湖泊,风场对水体运输和交换的过程起着重要的作用.基于环境水动力学模型EFDC源程序建立了染色剂模型以及水龄模型,借助水龄研究太湖水体的长期输运过程和更新速率特征,从而为太湖的调水工程管理提供科学依据.本文在研究春、夏、秋、冬季不同风场作用下太湖的水龄季节性分布特征的基础上,结合太湖实测风速、流量数据及"引江济太"工程调水运行的现状,着重分析了望虞河枢纽调水运行以及新沟河工程对太湖水龄分布的影响.数值试验的模拟结果表明:太湖水体交换受季风影响明显,春、夏季的水龄相对较大、水体交换较差;靠近湖流入口处的地方水龄较小,远离入口的地方水龄较大;水流流向与风向一致时水龄减小,水循环加快,反之则减慢.望虞河引水引工程能够减小贡湖及湖心区的水龄,加快贡湖湖区及湖心区的水循环;新沟河工程引水能够减小梅梁湖区的水龄,改善该湖区的水质.引水工程的实施对加快整个太湖的水循环做出重要贡献. 相似文献
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根据洞庭湖湖区的1983-2004年的水质监测数据,参照GB3838-2002中Ⅲ类水质标准,运用内梅罗水污染指数法进行水质评价,分析了洞庭湖湖区22年来的水质时空变化.结果表明:洞庭湖湖区水质污染在时间上呈有升有降的波动变化.洞庭湖湖区丰水期和洪水期的水质较差,但是从2002年以后,丰水期的水质逐渐好于平水期.污染空间变化表现为入湖河道的污染程度高于湖体,湖体污染呈西洞庭湖的污染较为严重,南洞庭湖其次,东洞庭湖的水质仍较好的格局. 相似文献
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鄱阳湖成因与演变的历史论证 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
本文通过大量史料分析和地质钻孔证据,认为鄱阳湖大水面形成于公元400年前后,为距今约1600年的年青湖泊。鄱阳湖形成的直接和主导因素是长江主泓道南移到湖口一带,因江水阻碍赣江水的下泄,使湖泊水域向南扩张,到唐初面积最大时曾达6000km~2。之后,鄱阳湖水位和面积的变化主要取决于湖口处长江水位的变化。 相似文献
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通过对当前太湖流域治理结果的思考，认为在近的完成１０项工程后，为更好发挥工程效益，有些工作尚需要深入，可能出现的一些新问题要研究解决，提出今后研究的主要课题有：分区国土规划，远景水资源策略，流域水环境调度，水环境与地区经济，太湖和长江关系５个方面。 相似文献
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环境规制已成为促进区域发展方式转变和经济可持续发展的重要驱动力.本文以无锡市太湖水危机事件为例,首先对水危机前后的环境规制政策和手段进行对比分析,其次结合现有理论研究,总结了环境规制对制造业产业结构优化和绩效影响的理论框架,最后在对环境规制强度进行定量评估和对影响产业绩效各要素分析的基础上对理论框架进行验证.环境规制强度的评价结果表明,水危机事件后,环境规制强度显著增加,政府、技术、市场及社会工具的环境规制强度均值在2007-2009年期间比2001-2006年期间分别增加了2.2、1.0、2.6、0.7倍,政府在加强行政管理的同时开始积极探索市场化治理的工具,但以政府规制为主的治理模式仍然没有改变.回归结果进一步表明环境规制通过影响企业准入和提高技术效率,实现产业结构的优化和生产效率的提高,抵消了环境规制对生产成本增加而产生的消极作用,但是创新仍没有成为产业绩效增加的最主要动力.本研究对探讨经济和环境可持续发展模式以及环境规制手段的合理运用具有重要的理论借鉴意义. 相似文献
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Lilin Zheng Pengfei Zhan Jinying Xu Ligang Xu Zhiqiang Tan Xiaolong Wang 《水文研究》2020,34(11):2645-2659
Water regime characteristics have been recognized as critical factors for aquatic vegetation. In this study, we examined changes in aquatic vegetation coverage area in two shallow sub-lakes of Poyang Lake (Bang Lake and Cuoji Lake) during the dry season from 1987 to 2017. The relationships between eight water regime components (annual average water level, annual maximum water level, annual minimum water level, and flooded days at five water levels [11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 m]) and aquatic vegetation coverage area were determined. The most critical water regimes were identified and results demonstrated that aquatic vegetation coverage area in Bang Lake and Cuoji Lake peaked in drier years (2005 and 2009, respectively) with no obvious up or down trend. Water regimes indicating high flow events such as annual maximum water level, flooded days at water level 19 m, and annual average water level were found to be more important for predicting aquatic vegetation. High-flow events appear to be essential for understanding aquatic vegetation dynamics in pit lakes, yet overall the influences of water level fluctuation on aquatic vegetation varied among wetland units of Poyang Lake. This study helps to understand the hydroecological dynamics in connected lakes further and provide a reference for the lake management and protection. 相似文献
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The effect of drawdown on suspended solids and phosphorus export from Columbia Lake,Waterloo, Canada
Mike Shantz Elizabeth Dowsett Emma Canham Guillaume Tavernier Mike Stone Jonathan Price 《水文研究》2004,18(5):865-878
This study examines the effect of drawdown on the timing and magnitude of suspended solids and associated phosphorus export from a 12 ha reservoir located in an urbanized watershed in southern Ontario, Canada. Water level in Columbia Lake was lowered by 1·15 m over a 2‐week period in November 2001. The total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 63 to 486 µg L?1 in Columbia Lake and 71 to 373 µg L?1 at its outflow. All samples exceeded the Provincial Water Quality Objective of 30 µg TP L?1. Outflow concentrations of suspended solids and TP increased significantly with decreasing lake level and were attributed to the resuspension of cohesive bottom sediments that occurred at a critical threshold lake level (0·65 m below summer level). Suspended solids at the outflow consisted of flocculated cohesive materials with a median diameter (D50) of c. 5 µm. Particulate organic carbon accounted for 8·5% of the suspended solids export by mass. A total mass of 18·5 t of suspended solids and 62·6 kg TP was exported from Columbia Lake, which represents a significant pulse of sediment‐associated P to downstream environments each autumn during drawdown. The downstream impacts of this release can be minimized if the water level in Columbia Lake is lowered no more than 0·5 m below summer levels. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Impact of water resource exploitation on the hydrology and water storage in Baiyangdian Lake 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Water resources development and exploitation are critical for a viable and sustainable modern human society. Unfortunately, however, there is a considerable water storage depletion and environmental degradation in especially (semi)‐arid river basins due to the forces of population growth, urbanization, industrialization and intensive agricultural irrigation. Addressing water storage depletion is not only a question of research, but is very much a question of developing appropriate countermeasures to preserve valuable/fragile ecological systems. As one such effort, this study analyzes the hydrology and storage in Baiyangdian Lake as affected by water resources development and exploitation in the Baiyangdian Lake Catchment of Northern China. Three models, WetSpass (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and the Atmosphere under quasi‐Steady State), WATBUD (Water Budget) and MODFLOW (USGS three‐dimensional finite‐difference groundwater flow model) were used in combination to simulate the hydrogeologic conditions in the lake catchment for 1956–2008. The model‐calibrated values are in good agreement with the measured values, with R2 > 0·8 and RMSE < 10% of measured values. Runoff, the primary source of water for the lake storage, has steadily declined due mainly to multiple dam construction and reservoir impoundments in the headwater valleys and rivers in the catchment. In addition to dwindling runoff, groundwater levels have declined considerably due to over‐abstraction, mainly for agricultural irrigation. Additionally, evaporation or evapotranspiration is increasing in the lake catchment due to rising temperatures. The worsening hydrological conditions, amid the harsh semi‐arid climate, have resulted in considerable depletion of the storage and hydrology of Baiyangdian Lake. Sustainable countermeasures like agricultural water‐saving and infusion of external water (e.g., via by the South–North Water Transfer Project) could be a viable option for preserving not only the hydrology of the lake catchment, but also storage in Baiyangdian Lake. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Plyusnin A. M. Ukraintsev A. V. Chernyavskii M. K. Peryazeva E. G. Angakhaeva N. A. 《Water Resources》2021,48(2):273-284
Water Resources - The article considers the conditions under which the water resources and chemistry are forming in the mineral Bormashovoe Lake, which lies on the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula on the... 相似文献
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Malnik V. V. Timoshkin O. A. Suturin A. N. Onishchuk N. A. Sakirko M. V. Tomberg I. V. Gorshkova A. S. Zabanova N. S. 《Water Resources》2019,46(5):748-758
Water Resources - A sanitary–bacteriological and hydrochemical survey of rivers flowing into Lake Baikal near Listvyanka Settl. was carried out in period from 2014 to 2015. Water quality at... 相似文献
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基于突变理论的太湖蓝藻水华危险性分区评价 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
蓝藻水华暴发是湖泊生态系统中营养物质长期累积的结果,是系统营养经长期演化后的极端状态.突变理论评价方法无需确定指标权重,减少了人为主观因素,并且计算方便.本文基于突变理论,采取蓝藻水华暴发的表征因子(叶绿素浓度)和导致蓝藻水华暴发的环境因子(总氮和总磷)作为潜在危险性评价指标,蓝藻水华的面积、范围以及暴发频次作为历史危险性评价指标建立多准则蓝藻水华暴发风险评价指标体系,并结合太湖九个分区进行蓝藻水华暴发危险性分区及全湖评价.研究结果表明:竺山湖和西部沿岸为极重危险性湖区;梅梁湾为重度危险性湖区;南部沿岸、贡湖和大太湖为中度危险性湖区;箭湖东茭咀、东太湖和胥湖蓝藻水华暴发危险性较小,为轻微危险性湖区.整体上看,太湖蓝藻水华暴发危险性程度由轻到重基本上沿东南-西北方向变化,与营养盐浓度由低到高分布趋势相一致.根据评价结果,可以明确太湖各区遭遇蓝藻水华暴发危险性的大小,为蓝藻水华风险管理和应急处理提供科学依据. 相似文献
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Water Resources - Data of field measurements of water level variations and current velocities in Petrozavodsk Bay, Lake Onega, made in 2016–2017, are analyzed. Water level variations were... 相似文献
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Water Resources - The statistical homogeneity of the total inflow into Lake Baikal have been analyzed. The periods of 1901–1933 and 1933–2014 have been found not only to show... 相似文献
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引江济太工程综合效益的评估及方法探讨 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
引江济太调水工程自2002年实施以来,不仅发挥了防洪除涝的巨大作用,而且给太湖流域带来了显著的社会、经济和环境效益.探讨评估引江济太工程综合效益的综合指数法与价值估算法,利用层次分析法确定评价因子权重,计算了城镇自来水厂的直接经济效益.通过公众与专家调查确定因子值,然后计算得到综合效益得分为U=77,表明引江济太调水对阳澄淀泖区的经济、社会和环境的综合效益明显,在保障流域河道水位、水环境功能达标、水资源需求满足率,降低人体健康风险,促进水资源综合利用,提高人居环境舒适度、水产养殖效益、水厂效益、工业供水及农业效益等方面效益明显.此外,在提供就业、促进地区文化以及旅游、房地产、航运等方面也有一定的效益.2002-2005年常规调水改善阳澄淀泖区城市自来水厂降低成本的年度效益分别为993万元、2926万元、3617万元、3507万元,合计11043万元.根据水厂效益在综合效益中的贡献比例,可得引江济太产生的经济效益约为4.8亿元,综合效益为53亿元. 相似文献
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太湖流域水环境变化及缘由分析 总被引：38，自引：12，他引：38
太湖水环境质量在最近的十年中下降1－2个等级，1990年86．5％的水体为Ⅱ、Ⅲ类，到2000年太湖水体87％Ⅳ类；1990年太湖水体为中－富营养化，2000年太湖水体以富营养化为主，本文通过分析经济社会发展和水环境变化，认为太湖流域工业化与城市化及居民生活水平的提高，吧及不合理的农业生产方式，使水环境面临巨大的压力，环保意识落后、治理能力不足、管理体制不合理是太湖目前水环境恶化的根本原因。 相似文献
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“引江济巢”作为引江济淮的起始段工程,承担着改善巢湖水质的重要任务,调水路线的选取对水质改善效果有关键影响.本文基于MIKE21模型构建了巢湖水动力水质模型,分别模拟了丰水年、平水年和枯水年情景下巢湖流场和总氮、总磷浓度时空分布特征,以及不同调水路线在各典型年对巢湖水质的影响.结果显示巢湖流场和水质分布有明显的空间差异性,受入湖负荷和流量影响,巢湖在丰水年水质较差,整体来说东湖区水质优于西湖区.相比其他年份,丰水年调水对湖区水质的改善作用最明显;不同调水路线中,自白石天河入流相较兆河入流对巢湖,尤其是西湖区水质改善明显. 相似文献