共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 79 毫秒
1.
介绍了地壳流体CO2的3个主要成因:有机成因、变质成因及幔源成因,并着重讨论了CO2气体的稳定同位素13C的示踪性能;总结了由地壳释放CO2的主要方式、上升通道及其存在形态。在回顾地壳流体CO2等释放在目前地震监测、预报及相关研究中的主要研究进展的同时,指出地壳深部流体(CO2、He、CH4等)在同位素地球化学、深源流体运移与地震活动、深源流体对震源介质的影响等。此外,提出对深源流体监测不能仅限单一组分(CO2)的监测,需多种深源成分(He、Ne、Ar、H2、CH4)同时监测。 相似文献
2.
气体地球化学监测结果显示,2002—2003年地幔来源CO2、He和CH4的含量出现明显的异常变化;2003年火山区深断裂型泉群逸出气体He的3He/4He比值都出现了异常升高,2004年该比值明显降低。热储型长白聚龙泉群逸出He中3He/4He比值2003年上升缓慢,2004年持续上升,其中逸出He中幔源He含量在2004年明显增加。2002—2004年天池火山区逸出气体及其He同位素异常变化与该区地震活动呈一定的对应关系,其中锦江泉群在2004年下半年地震活动趋势减弱后,异常明显减弱;而长白聚龙泉群在地震活动减弱后,异常反而明显增加,显示热储型泉群岩浆来源气体异常释放明显滞后于深断裂型泉点。上述异常特征对识别和判定火山区深部岩浆异常活动及预测未来火山地震可能有重要意义 相似文献
3.
滇西地区断层气体成因研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文讨论了滇西地区由温泉释放的断层气体中各主要组分(He、H_2、Ar、N_2、CO_2、CH_4、Hg)的分布特征及其成因机制。 作者指出,滇西地区断层气体中直接来自地幔的He是微不足道的,较高水平的He释放(>100ppm)可能直接来自地层中的火成岩;H_2的释放与地层岩性无关,而与深大断裂的活动或地震活动有成因联系;洱源地区九台等泉点中CH_4含量达2—3％,同位素测定表明,它是典型的无机成因,是该区深部热动力变质作用的产物;滇西地区断层气体中Hg的分布特征表明,并不是所有的活动性断裂都有高含量的Hg释放。具有较高含量的幔源CO_2和Hg释放是红河断裂的两个最重要的地球化学特征。 相似文献
4.
叙述了1989年大同6.1级地震前，山西夏县台井溶解气组分He、CO2出现的异常变化，对热水区内各井孔气体成分含量进行了对比研究得出，小近震所产生的He、O2的突跳，是由于热水体受应力作用，地下热水晕的中心和边界发生改变，使不同含量的热水发生混合所致的结论。 相似文献
5.
6.
延怀盆地土壤气体地球化学特征 总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20
报道了延怀盆地422个测点的土壤气测量结果,讨论了各气体组分的区域地球化学特征及其控制因素,并探讨了气体地球化学背景场与区域地震地质的关系.2007年9-10月在首都圈西北部延怀盆地进行了野外土壤气体测量,获得该地区土壤气中Rn,Hg,CO2,H2He和CH4的地球化学背景值分别为8105.8(±5937.4)Bq/m3,9.7(±5.8)ng/m3,395.9(士35.3×10-6 ,4.0(士2.3×10-6,15.9(±10.4)×10-6和12.7(±8.1,×10-6.延怀盆地土壤Rn,Hg,He和CO2气体地球化学背景场在空间上呈现东部高、西部低(以延矾盆地北缘断裂为界)的特征.控制土壤气体地球化学背景场的主要因素是气体组分的来源、地壳结构、断裂构造、地层和微生物作用.延怀盆地内东部上地壳内存在的低速体,构造活动性较强,深部来源的Hg和He,以及来源于花岗岩的Rn等对土壤气的贡献较大,是盆地东部土壤地球化学背景值较高的原因.这与延怀盆地东部地震活动性较强相对应.研究结果为研究区地震地球化学流动测量和异常判识奠定了基础. 相似文献
7.
8.
冲绳海槽现代活动热水区CO_2-烃类流体:流体包裹体证据 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
冲绳海槽是正在发生着海底热水喷流 (黑烟囱式 )和现代成矿过程的弧后扩张盆地 .JADE热水区热液补给带水 岩反应产物中的流体包裹体研究表明 ,海底深部热流体系极度富气 ,并存在两类相对独立、密切共生的CO2 烃类流体和盐水流体 .CO2 烃类流体包裹体成分总体上与天然气田的流体包裹体成分相当 .盐水流体包裹体以H2 O为主 ,CO2 和CH4呈过饱和状态 .盐水流体在海底呈黑烟囱流体喷射 ,CO2 流体在海底呈CO2 气泡排泄 ,并形成CO2 水合物 ,烃类气体或流体可能被局部封存 .CO2 CH4 H2 S气体或流体的大量存储及其与盐水流体的反应效应导致金属硫化物工业堆积 . 相似文献
9.
地震是地球系统复杂变化过程中的一种突变现象,具有高度的复杂性和不确定性.在大地震前后的活动断裂带常会有大量地下气体(Rn、Hg、 CO2、 CH4、CO、H2O、He、H2、O2等)向上逸出到大气中,引起大气中气体组分和浓度的变化. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
16.
《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
17.
Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
18.
Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
19.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
20.
K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献