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干密度对击实黄土震陷性影响的试验研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
干密度是表征黄土地基振密、挤密处理后土体紧密程度的一个重要物理指标。本文通过对不同干密度的非饱和击实土样的震陷试验,研究了干密度对击实黄土震陷性的定量影响规律,建立了击实黄土的震陷曲线方程,得到了不同振次下干密度与震陷系数的定量关系。文中提出了由干密度算不同振次和任一动应力下击实黄土震陷系数的经验公式,并为黄土地基抗震陷处理初步提供了干密度波速、标贯和孔隙比等方面的标准。 相似文献
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环境污染以及矿物资源的枯竭等因素强烈地激发了粉煤灰利用的研究和开发。粉煤灰改良作为地基的一种处理方法,越来越广泛地应用于公路路基的建设中。随着车辆速度的提高、车辆荷载的增加,动载对路基的影响引起人们的关注。本文以粉煤灰改良的膨胀土为研究对象,通过压实非饱和试件的动三轴试验,考察了粉煤灰掺入量确定的条件下,循环次数、动荷大小、围压等对土体动强度的影响。由试验结果绘出振次—轴向应变、动强度破坏振次关系曲线。结果表明:粉煤灰改良的非饱和膨胀土没有显著的屈服特征,可采用常规应变标准对应的振次作为破坏振次。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2016,(4)
基于文献史料记载和现场科考成果,考证了黄土地区几次中强以上地震引发的黄土震陷灾害,分析了黄土震陷灾害的破坏模式、发育特征及其形成条件。依据大量不同地区黄土的动三轴试验结果,比较分析了黄土震陷形成的物性指标的区域性变化规律,并进一步研究了震陷临界动应力的影响因素。研究显示,黄土地区的几次中强以上地震的极震区均有黄土震陷事例;黄土震陷的灾害模式可区分为振密型震陷、震陷型滑坡和液化型震陷,并由土性条件、地形地貌和地震动作用形式决定;孔隙比大于0.8时,黄土高原地区的黄土需要考虑不同含水量条件下的震陷性,而黄土高原地区东南部的河南、河北和晋东南地区的黄土则可根据缩限含水量判定其震陷性;临界动应力的大小由黄土的结构强度所主导,临界动应力比与含水量之间存在很好的幂函数关系。 相似文献
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基于动三轴试验研究了不同围压条件下,加载控制方式对压实黄土动应力应变关系的影响规律,对比了不同控制方式下压实黄土的动应力应变时程曲线的差异。研究表明:压实黄土的动应力应变关系符合双曲线模型;加载控制方式不会改变压实黄土骨干曲线的类型,但会显著影响拟合参数的大小。相同围压下,采用应变控制测定的初始动模量较小;随着围压的增大,应变控制下初始动模量随围压的增长速率反而越小,二者之间的差距越来越大。应力控制和应变控制加载过程中,动模量在某一振级下随着动循环次数的增加而逐渐衰减,且应力控制方式下衰减的幅度较大。对于土体结构受力较为敏感的原状土,使用应变控制加载方式可能会获得更为准确的试验结果。 相似文献
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为了解冻融作用对黄土湿陷性的作用效果,以Q3黄土为研究对象,采用增(减)湿法配制不同含水量黄土试样,测试黄土在无补水条件下受温度影响的冻融变形、压缩变形和湿陷变形;对原状黄土进行颗粒分析及基本物理力学参数试验。分析表明:(1)黄土是否产生冻胀取决于其含水量是否超过"临界冻胀含水量"。(2)冻融黄土与原状黄土相比压缩变形量较大,把部分浸水湿陷变形转化为压缩变形,冻融作用使黄土的湿陷性弱化。(3)冷冻黄土在相同温度下,含水量越大,湿陷系数越小;在同一含水量下,冻结温度愈低湿陷系数愈小。 相似文献
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为了经济、环保地达到改良处理减轻饱和黄土地基液化震害的目的,通过配备不同粉煤灰掺量的改良黄土进行动三轴试验,研究饱和粉煤灰改良黄土的动应力、动应变和动孔隙水压力变化特征,分析粉煤灰掺量对饱和改良黄土液化应力比、动残余变形和动孔隙水压力的影响规律,并结合微结构试验结果,探讨饱和粉煤灰改良黄土抗液化的物理化学机制。结果表明:粉煤灰掺量对饱和改良黄土的液化应力比、动应变和动孔隙水压力比均具有较为显著的影响。随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,饱和改良黄土的液化应力比持续增加,且当掺量达到15%后,继续增加粉煤灰掺量时改良黄土的液化应力比增加显著。饱和改良黄土的动应变和动孔隙水压力比均随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而减小;掺量达到25%后,饱和改良黄土不液化。饱和粉煤灰改良黄土的SEM细观结构试验照片中呈现大量的圆球状、粒状粉煤灰颗粒和絮凝状胶结物,表明其抗液化的物理化学机制主要包括粉煤灰的水化作用、胶体生成物和颗粒的填隙作用和粉煤灰对游离水的吸附作用。 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4. 相似文献
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As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10
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Poise 相似文献
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On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors. 相似文献
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地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。 相似文献