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1.
巢湖表层沉积物中多溴联苯醚的分布和污染源解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在巢湖不同区域采集了16个表层沉积物样品,利用气相色谱-质谱仪测定沉积物中低溴代多溴联苯醚(LPBDEs)和BDE209的含量,并对其残留、组成、空间分布和污染来源进行分析.结果表明,巢湖沉积物中共计检测到9种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)化合物.∑LPBDEs的含量为0.001~2.75 ng/g,平均值为1.15 ng/g,平均检测率为44.83%;BDE209的含量为1.16~5.49 ng/g,平均值为2.83 ng/g,检测率为100%.与国内其他区域相比,巢湖沉积物中PBDEs含量总体处于中等水平.巢湖沉积物中各类LPBDEs和BDE209同系物含量为:西半湖东半湖湖心.巢湖沉积物中PBDEs以BDE209为主要成分,不同采样点PBDEs同系物的组成不同.相关性分析表明BDE209与LPBDEs在环境中的迁移存在相关性. 相似文献
2.
巢湖表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征及来源 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
于2010年,采用野外采样调查、色谱分析与统计比较的方法,研究巢湖表层沉积物中27个采样点中多环芳烃(PAHs)分布特征及污染来源.结果表明:巢湖表层沉积物中检测出的14种优控PAHs总浓度为116.0~2832.2 ng/g(DW),平均值为898.9±791.0 ng/g(DW).多环芳烃组成主要以5~6环PAHs为主,占总量的32%~58%.沉积物中总有机碳含量与PAHs总量呈现良好相关性.利用蒽/(蒽+菲)与苯并[a]蒽/(苯并[a]蒽+屈)比值法对PAHs来源进行解析得出,巢湖表层沉积物中PAHs主要来源为燃烧源.与国内其它水体PAHs含量对比表明,巢湖沉积物中PAHs污染处于中等水平.生态风险评估得出南淝河表层沉积物中PAHs存在生态风险,其它采样点表层沉积物中PAHs生态风险均较低. 相似文献
3.
顶空气相色谱法测定水中挥发性有机污染物 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
介绍静态顶空气相色谱分析的原理,研究温度、相比、分配常数和无机盐等参数对顶空分析灵敏度的影响.此方法对8个挥发性苯系物的线性相关系数0.999,相对标准偏差0.95%,方法检出限1μg/L.在炼油厂废水中,检出104个色谱峰,其中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间,对二甲苯和邻二甲苯均有检出,浓度范围在268-1622μg/L.污水处理厂出口水样和废水库样品中挥发性有机物均未检出.采集15个安徽巢湖水样,挥发性苯系物和挥发性有机物均未检出(1μg/L). 相似文献
4.
5.
太湖表层沉积物中有机氯农药残留及遗传毒性初步研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
采用GC-ECD对太湖表层沉积物中的有机氯农药含量进行了定性定量分析.太湖20个采样点均有不同程度的有机氯农药检出,16种有机氯农药总量为4.22-460.99ng/g(dw),北部湖区、潮心区以及沿岸区等均有高值点出现,与沉积物有机质含量、氮磷营养盐含量分布并不一致.检出率最高的有机氯农药组分为DDTs、HCHs.DDTs含量检出顺序为P,P'-DDT>P,P'-DDD>P,P'-DDE,说明环境中可能仍然具有DDT箱入特征;HCHs中?HCH,?HCH检出相当,怃-HCH检出较高,主要为早期残留.结合鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶系(Ames)试验研究太湖典型溯区表层沉积物中有机污染物的遗传毒性,初步确定可能的生态风险因子. 相似文献
6.
报道了官厅水库-永定河水系中持久性有机氯农药的污染水平,研究发现在水体中存在六六六(HCHs), 滴滴涕(DDTs), 七氯等在内的有机氯污染物,在所有13个采样点的水样中,18种有机氯农药的浓度为4.2-96.9 ng/L,其中六六六、滴滴涕的含量分别为0.09-53.5ng/L和nd-46.8 ng/L.对污染来源进行分析,发现除了主要是源于历史上农田中有机氯农药的残留外,近期可能有新的农药污染源进入水环境,如林丹和三氯杀螨醇的使用可能造成了新的有机氯农药污染.和国内主要河流相比,官厅水库-永定河水系中有机氯农药的污染属轻度污染. 相似文献
7.
小白洋淀水-沉积物系统多环芳烃的分布、来源与生态风险 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
以端村小白洋淀为研究对象,利用GC-MS测定了6个样点水、悬浮物和沉积物中15种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,分析了其组成与来源特征,探讨了不同多环芳烃单体的生态风险,结果表明:(1)15种优控多环芳烃的总含量(PAH15),水相为40.1-74.0ng/L,算术均值51.0ng/L;悬浮物为2438.0-5927.0ng/g,算术均值4528ng/g;沉积物为466.9-1366.4ng/g,算术均值为755.6ng/g;与国内外有关研究相比,污染较轻,(2)三相中均以2、3环PAHs为主,其比例均高于80%;并且,从水相、悬浮物相到沉积物相,2环PAHs依次降低,3环、4环依次升高,高环检出率和含量也依次升高,(3)沉积物中多环芳烃的来源以生物质燃料(秸秆、薪材)和煤的燃烧为主,以液体化石燃料(汽油、柴油和原油)的燃烧为辅,(4)沉积物中的芴(FLO)、菲(PHE)含量在潜在生态风险效应区间低值(ERL)与中值(ERM)之间,其生态风险几率介于10%-50%之间;其他PAHs单体的含量均低于ERL,其生态风险几率均低于10%. 相似文献
8.
杀生剂作为抑菌活性成分，广泛应用于药物、个人护理品、食品、农业及其他多种领域中。大量杀生剂会直接或者随污水处理厂出水进入地表水环境中，威胁人体健康和生态安全。本研究通过对长江中下游地区61个湖泊进行调查，共检出11种杀生剂，包括5种杀菌剂、1种防污剂、3种尼泊金酯类防腐剂和2种消毒剂，总浓度达103 ng/g。其中，多菌灵和尼泊金甲酯的检出率大于50%，分别为100%和96.2%。多菌灵和尼泊金甲酯的平均浓度分别为（1.79±2.76）和（11.4±8.19） ng/g，其他杀生剂的平均浓度均低于1.0 ng/g。与国外许多河流湖泊相比，长江中下游地区湖泊沉积物中杀生剂污染处于中等偏低水平，总杀生剂浓度的平均值为（16.7±14.5） ng/g。氟康唑、咪康唑、三氯生和三氯卡班可能主要来自生活污水，多菌灵和涕必灵主要来自面源污染。尼泊金酯类防腐剂在沉积物中的分布特征与沉积物总有机碳含量密切相关。采用风险商值法对湖泊沉积物中杀生剂的生态风险进行了评价，发现多菌灵、尼泊金甲酯和三氯卡班在部分采样点具有高风险。有必要重点关注高风险污染物和高风险区域，并采取适当的措施来减少杀生剂对湖泊生态环境... 相似文献
9.
千岛湖表层沉积物中有机氯农药的残留特征及生态风险评价 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
对千岛湖表层沉积物中21种有机氯农药(OCPs)的残留现状进行调查,明确HCHs与DDTs的组成特征及源解析,并评估其生态风险.结果表明,千岛湖表层沉积物中共检出12种OCPs,各采样点位OCPs总量的浓度范围在0.43~12.70 ng/g之间,平均值为5.28±4.84 ng/g,处于低残留水平,其中DDTs是主要的残留物,街口、大坝前点位样品出现OCPs高残留.工业DDTs的历史使用是千岛湖表层沉积物DDTs残留的主要来源,仅街口点位样品存在林丹的污染并有新的DDTs输入,应引起重视.利用沉积物质量基准法、沉积物质量标准法分别对千岛湖表层沉积物中OCPs的生态风险进行评价,结果表明部分点位样品中OCPs的残留现状对该区生物可能存在生态风险. 相似文献
10.
为了解白洋淀表层沉积物中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染情况,采用改进的GC-μECD方法对白洋淀11处沉积物进行了20种OCPs和全部209种PCB单体的定量检测和分析.结果显示:白洋淀11个沉积物样品共检出10种OCPs和24种PCBs,∑OCPs和∑PCBs的含量范围分别为1.22～52.45 ng/g(DW)和nd～37.61 ng/g,在国内处于中等水平; OCPs组成中以HCHs和Dieldrin(狄氏剂)为主,分别占到∑OCPs的39.9%和31.5%,其中7个采样点的HCHs以林丹输入为主,4个采样点以工业六六六污染为主.DDTs检出率较低,来源主要为历史残留;检出的PCB单体以低氯联苯为主,其中一氯、二氯和三氯联苯占∑PCBs的64.73%;采用沉积物质量标准法进行生态风险评估,结果表明白洋淀地区沉积物中p,p'-DDD和∑PCBs生态风险较低,Dieldrin生态风险尚需关注,γ-HCH生态风险较高,不容忽视. 相似文献
11.
Thompson J Roach A Eaglesham G Bartkow ME Edge K Mueller JF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2869-2875
Perfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFCs) including perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) were measured in environmental samples collected from around Homebush Bay, an urban/industrial area in the upper reaches of Sydney Harbour and Parramatta River estuary. Water, surface sediment, Sea Mullet (Mugil cephalus), Sydney Rock Oyster (Saccostrea commercialis) and eggs of two bird species; White Ibis (Threskiornis molucca), and Silver Gull (Larus novaehollandiae) were analysed. In most samples PFOS was the dominant PFC. Geometric mean PFOS concentrations were 33 ng/g ww (wet weight) in gull eggs, 34 ng/g ww in ibis eggs, and 1.8 ng/g ww and 66 ng/g ww in Sea Mullet muscle and liver, respectively. In sediment the PFOS geometric mean was 1.5 ng/g, in water average PFOS and PFOA concentrations ranged from 7.5 to 21 ng/L and 4.2 to 6.4 ng/L, respectively. In oysters perfluorododecanoic acid was most abundant, with a geometric mean of 2.5 ng/g ww. 相似文献
12.
Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in water, sediment and mussels from the Cantabrian Sea (North Spain) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gómez C Vicente J Echavarri-Erasun B Porte C Lacorte S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):948-955
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have emerged as significant global environmental pollutants with persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of PFCs in water (wastewater, submarine emissaries and port-waters), sediment and transplanted mussels in estuarine areas of high urban and industrial impact from Northern Spain. Five PFCs of industrial use were studied: perfluorooctanesulfonate, perfluorohexanesulfonate, perfluorobutanesulfonate, perfluorooctanoate acid and perfluorononanoate acid. After selective extraction, samples were analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. ΣPFCs ranged from 0.06 to 10.9 ng/L in water, with higher levels in wastewater treatment plants effluents and port waters than in submarine emissaries. Little accumulation was observed in sediments and mussels with ΣPFCs ranging from 0.01-0.13 ng/g dw and 0.01-0.06 ng/g ww, respectively. Most ubiquitous compounds were PFOS and PFOA. Mass fluxes of PFCs to the Cantabrian Sea are estimated and the impact to the coastal ecosystem is discussed. 相似文献
13.
A pioneering investigation of semi‐volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in shallow groundwater in China was hereby reported. Representative groundwater samples were collected from three selected regions: Eastern Hai River Plain, Yangtze River Delta, and Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau, and analyzed for 103 SVOCs linked to agricultural and industrial practices. Analytical results showed that 70 of the 103 SVOCs were present in the groundwater samples, a detection frequency of approximately 86%. Compounds detected most frequently included P,P′‐DDT (53.49%, MDL 0.0007 µg/L), 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (51.16%, MDL 0.02 µg/L), and phenol (51.16%, MDL 0.02 µg/L). Fifteen SVOCs, such as P,P′‐DDT, 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, heptachlor, and aldrin, were detected at concentrations exceeding the USA National Recommended Water Quality Criteria‐2009 (USNRWQC‐2009). Most of these 15 SVOCs belong to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides. The detection of SVOCs in the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau warrants special concern, since this region has limited human activities and been assumed as an environmentally pristine area. The data from this work are expected to contribute to the database of contemporary groundwater quality in China. 相似文献
14.
为探究太湖梅梁湾水体及沉积物中微囊藻毒素（MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-YR）含量的垂向分布特征，于2018年5月采集梅梁湾6个点位表层水、上覆水、混合水、间隙水以及柱状沉积物样品，并采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析样品中微囊藻毒素的含量.分析结果表明：水体中（表层水、上覆水、混合水以及间隙水）MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-YR的浓度范围分别为11.80~1297.14、2.50~818.40、1.80~176.00 ng/L，表层水、上覆水以及混合水中MC-LR的浓度高于MC-RR和MC-YR，MC-RR和MC-YR之间差别较小，而间隙水中MCs三种异构体浓度大小顺序为：MC-LR > MC-RR > MC-YR；垂向分布上，间隙水中MCs异构体（MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-YR）浓度均远高于表层水、上覆水以及混合水，表层水MCs异构体浓度略高于上覆水，混合水MCs异构体浓度介于表层水和上覆水之间.对沉积物的研究发现，1~10 cm表层沉积物中MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-YR含量范围分别为0.60~26.95、0~0.90、0~8.10 ng/g，且1~10 cm层中MCs三种异构体平均含量大小顺序为：MC-LR > MC-YR > MC-RR，其中MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-YR的检出率分别为100%、70%、92%；垂向分布上，MC-RR含量较低且变化不大，而MC-YR和MC-LR含量均随沉积物深度的增加先升高后降低.相关性分析结果表明，表层水和混合水中MCs与总磷浓度呈显著正相关，而与总氮浓度无显著相关性；上覆水、间隙水以及沉积物中MCs与总氮、总磷浓度均呈显著正相关. 相似文献
15.
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in the Sarno River and its environmental impact on the Gulf of Naples (Tyrrhenian Sea, Central Mediterranean Sea) were estimated. The 16 PAHs identified by the USEPA as priority pollutants and perylene were determined in the water dissolved phase (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments. Total PAHs concentrations ranged from 23.1 to 2670.4 ng L(-1) in water (sum of DP and SPM) and from 5.3 to 678.6 ng g(-1) in sediment samples. Source analysis revealed that PAHs mainly came from combustion process. Contaminant discharges of PAHs into the sea were calculated in about 8530 gd(-1) showing that this river should account as one of the main contribution sources of PAHs to the Tyrrhenian Sea. 相似文献
16.
Wang T Lu Y Chen C Naile JE Khim JS Park J Luo W Jiao W Hu W Giesy JP 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1905-1914
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in water, sediment, soil, and biota collected from estuarine and coastal areas of the north Bohai Sea, China, were determined by use of HPLC-MS/MS. Significant concentrations of PFCs were found in water (mean: 18.4 ng/l) and biologic samples (fish: 265 ng/g dw), while concentrations of PFCs in soils and sediments were less. The predominately detected compound was perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), with a maximum concentration of 30.9 ng/l in water and 791 ng/g dw in fish. Concentrations of PFCs were significantly greater in the Liaohe River system than other locations, which suggests point sources in this urbanized and industrialized region. PFOS concentrations in water and biota were both less than the reported threshold concentrations. Detection of PFCs at relatively great concentrations in various environmental matrices from this region suggested that further studies characterizing concentrations of PFCs, their sources and potential risk to both humans and wildlife are needed. 相似文献
17.
Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments along the coast of mid-Black Sea region of Turkey 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
The aim of this study is to determine aspects of water and surface sediment quality in the coastal zone of the mid-Black Sea, and of rivers discharging into it, by analyzing their organochlorine pesticides (OC) levels. Surface sediment samples and water samples were collected from 14 sites from the rivers Ye?ilirmak, Abdal, Mert, Kürtün, Engiz and Kizilirmak. In sediments, Aldrin ranged from 19.3 to 87.3 ng/g and p,p'-DDT ranged from 18.6 to 31.0 ng/g. 相似文献
18.
Rain and surface water samples from Southern Germany were investigated from 1991 to 1995 for terbuthylazine and one of its major metabolites, deethylterbuthylazine. The concentrations observed were compared to the concentrations found for atrazine and deethylatrazine in the same water samples. Concentrations ranged from < 0.02 μg/L to 0.7 μg/L for terbuthylazine and from < 0.02 μg/L to 0.6 μg/L for deethylterbuthylazine, compared to concentrations of < 0.02 μg/L to 3 μg/L and < 0.02 μg/L to 0.5 μg/L for atrazine and deethylatrazine, respectively. The ratios of metabolite concentrations to parent compound concentrations were calculated for deethylterbuthylazine to terbuthylazine (DTR) and deethylatrazine to atrazine (DAR). In rain water, DTR of 0.8…3.0 and DAR of 0.3… 1.9 were determined with mean values of 0.9… 1.7 for DTR and 0.6…0.9 for DAR in the different years. The ratios increased during summer periods. The highest ratios were observed in samples from forest stands, showing that degradation of the herbicide has occurred during transport between the source and the sampling site. The DTR in rain water were about 50… 100% higher than the DAR. This indicates a higher degradation rate of terbuthylazine during atmospheric transport. In surface water, DTR of 0.3… 1.2 with mean values of 0.5…0.8 and DAR of 0.2…2.2 with mean values of 0.2… 1.3 were observed. The ratios increased from June to September. 相似文献
19.
During August-September 1993, a joint Russian-United States expedition to the Bering and Chukchi Seas took place. Surface water samples were collected from 21 sites and separated into dissolved (duplicates) and suspended solids; 19 sediment and 6 air samples were also collected. These samples were analysed for 19 organochlorine pesticides, 11 chlorobenzenes and 113 PCB congeners. The report provides data on selected compounds which occured in > or = 75% of the water samples. Highest water concentrations were observed for HCH in open waters north and south of the Bering Strait, both regions being similar (alpha-HCH; 2.2 ng/L and lindane: 0.35 ng/L). Air levels observed were also constant (alpha-HCH; 0.041 ng/m3, lindane: 0.0093 ng/m3). Suspended solids and air particulares contributed little to the concentrations in their respective media, an observation common to all analytes except for the PCBs and the DDT residues. The sum of PCB concentrations in water were higher in the Bering Sea area compared to the Chukchi Sea (1.0 vrs 0.67 ng/L) and lower for air (0.46 vrs 0.23 ng/m3). Sum of DDT in water was higher in the Bering Sea than in the Chukchi Sea (0.23 vrs 0.15 ng/L) while in sediments and air, the Bering Sea concentrations were lower (0.95 vrs 1.6 ng/g and 36 vrs 56 pg/m3, respectively). Other organochlorine compounds for which data are presented include: pp'-DDE, pp'-DDT, dieldrin, HCB, 3 chlorobenzenes and 3 PCB congeners. Fluxes of all these chemicals through the Berin Strait are estimated; they ranged from 57 t/a (alpha-HCH) through 26 t/a (for sum of PCBs) to 0.2 t/a (pp'-DDE, dieldrin and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene). Fugacity ratios for the HCHs and PCBs indicate the alpha-HCH is degassing in both the Bering and Chukchi Seas and that the gamma-isomer is degassing in the Bering Sea and is close to equilibrium (weakly absorbing) in the Chuchi Sea; the sum of PCBs are strongly absorbing in both areas. 相似文献
20.
Sebastian Zuehlke Uwe Duennbier Thomas Heberer Birgit Fritz 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2004,24(2):78-85
A reliable and sensitive analytical method for the determination of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) has been established. Samples are concentrated using automated solid-phase extraction and analysis is performed by liquid chromatography with detection by tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries of all analytes were between 93% and 107%, and limits of quantification (LOQs) between 0.1 and 0.4 ng/L for purified sewage, and surface, ground, and drinking water, and between 1 and 2 ng/L in case of raw sewage. For the investigation of estrogen release into the environment and its behavior during sewage and surface water treatment, and during ground water recharge, samples from municipal waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), a surface water treatment plant, a bank filtration site, and a ground water enrichment (GWE) pond were analyzed. El was found in the raw waste water with an average concentration of 157 ng/L, whereas E2 and EE2 were found with mean concentrations of only 18 and 9 ng/L, respectively. Sewage treatment by municipal WWTPs affected a removal of EE2 (76%), El (92%), and E2 (94%). In the investigated surface water of Berlin, only E1 could be detected at concentrations around or below 1 ng/L. E2 and EE2 were not present in the Berlin surface water above the LOQ of 0.2 ng/L, respectively. Surface water treatment also leads to a significant removal of E1 (> 80%). In the ground water samples from the GWE site near Lake Tegel, only a few samples contained detectable concentrations of E1. These samples were collected from a shallow monitoring well located very close to the bank of the pond. Even a short distance between the bank and observation wells led to concentrations of El below the LOQ showing the potential of ground water recharge systems for the retention of estrogenic steroids depending on the environmental setting. 相似文献