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1.
富营养化湖泊夏季表层水体温室气体浓度及其影响因素 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
为研究富营养化湖泊水体温室气体浓度及其影响因素,以太湖西岸和竺山湾为例,共调查研究了27个点位,采用顶空平衡法对其表层水体中溶解的甲烷(CH_4)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)浓度进行测定.结果表明,太湖近岸带蓝藻水华堆积区表层水体中CH_4和N_2O两种温室气体浓度远远高于开阔湖区点位,CH_4和N_2O最高浓度分别为3.79±0.095和0.078±0.003μmol/L.蓝藻水华堆积区和开阔湖区CH_4平均浓度分别为2.33±1.46和0.14±0.059μmol/L,N_2O的平均浓度分别为0.054±0.024和0.023±0.012μmol/L.两种气体在水中均呈现过饱和状态,其中蓝藻水华堆积区表层水体中CH_4和N_2O饱和度远远高于开阔湖区点位.此外,入湖河流河口区域表层水体溶解性N_2O浓度较高.将水中CH_4和N_2O浓度与水体环境因子之间进行相关性分析,表明水体总氮、总磷、铵态氮和溶解性有机碳浓度与CH_4和N_2O浓度呈显著正相关,CH_4浓度与硝态氮浓度呈显著负相关.研究结果揭示了太湖蓝藻水华堆积区是CH_4和N_2O两种温室气体重要的潜在排放源,蓝藻水华暴发对湖泊温室气体的排放具有重要影响,但该过程的驱动机制及影响因素仍需要进一步研究. 相似文献
2.
中国8大湖泊冬季水-气界面甲烷通量初步研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
采用静态箱-气相色谱法对中国不同地区的8个湖泊(洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、巢湖、南四湖、洪泽湖、抚仙湖、洱海、滇池)冬季水体水-气界面甲烷(CH4)通量进行了24 h连续观测,对中国湖泊冬季CH4的总释放量进行了估算.结果表明:鄱阳湖、巢湖、南四湖、洪泽湖和滇池24 h内各时段均为大气CH4的源,其通量分别为0.818、0.021、0.034、0.019、0.163mg/(m2·h);洞庭湖、抚仙湖和洱海部分时段为大气CH4的汇,但从24 h平均通量来看,仍为大气CH4的源,通量分别为0.199、0.012、0.044mg/(m2·h).冬季湖泊水体CH4通量空间差异较小,其大小主要受风速的影响,与水温、箱内温度和DOC没有明显的相关关系.中国湖泊冬季(90 d)CH4总释放量大约为3.22±2.75×107 kg,约为1990年中国稻田CH4总释放量的2.8‰. 相似文献
3.
固定化氮循环细菌修复城市湖泊水体脱氮效果及N2O排放 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用从镇江金山湖天然水体中筛选分离出的土著氨化、亚硝化、硝化和反硝化细菌,将氮循环细菌固定化后在金山湖示范工程区进行水体脱氮净化效果研究.结果表明,运行一段时间后水质明显得到改善,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮以及总氮浓度均显著下降,氨氮浓度指标达到国家水质Ⅰ类标准,总氮浓度指标达到水质Ⅱ类标准.同时,对湖泊水体的N_2O气体排放通量进行了检测,结果显示,随着实验的进行,金山湖区的N_2O气体排放通量逐渐升高,4月份的平均值为23,51μg/(m~2·h)、5月份的平均值为29.52μg/(m~2·h)、6月份的平均值为59.10μg/(m~2·h).水质氮素指标以及N_2O气体排放通量数据说明利用微生物固定化载体强化净化技术对城市湖泊水质净化具有显著效果和重要意义. 相似文献
4.
河流是连接大陆和海洋两大碳库的桥梁,在全球碳循环中的作用举足轻重.金沙江作为长江的上游段,对区域碳循环及区域化学风化的影响非常重要.于2015年8月8-18日对金沙江下游水-气界面CO_2与CH_4通量特征进行监测与分析.采用顶空平衡法结合薄边界层模型估算法计算表层水体CO_2与CH_4的分压以及水-气界面的交换通量,并分析环境变量与其之间的相关性.研究发现,金沙江下游表层水体p(CO_2)平均值为2724.84±477.18μatm,表层水体p(CH_4)平均值为59.96±6.74μatm;水-气界面CO_2通量平均值为2.24±0.50 mmol/(m2·h),CH_4通量平均值为0.000163±0.00009 mmol/(m2·h),通量与分压趋势基本保持一致.表层水体p(CO_2)与溶解性无机碳浓度、碱度均呈显著正相关,而p(CH_4)与水温、叶绿素a浓度均呈显著正相关,CO_2通量与p(CO_2)、溶解性无机碳浓度、碱度均呈正相关,CH_4通量与p(CH_4)、风速均呈正相关,其他环境因素对通量的影响不明显,仍需进一步研究.金沙江下游水-气界面CH_4扩散通量较低,而CO_2扩散通量在世界主要河流中属于中等水平. 相似文献
5.
鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面磷的交换通量 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用扩散模型法与实验培养法对鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面间可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的界面交换过程进行研究,并探讨了其影响因素.结果表明,利用2种方法得到鄱阳湖各站点可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐在沉积物与水界面间的交换方向不完全相同,大部分站点沉积物是磷的源,其中,利用扩散模型法估算的可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐平均扩散通量分别为0.052和0.047 mg/(m~2·d),而实验培养法测得可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的平均交换通量则分别为0.25和0.24 mg/(m~2·d),且各站点利用扩散模型法测得磷的交换通量均小于实验培养法的计算结果.此外,上覆水溶解氧浓度及水体温度对可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换过程均具有一定的影响,表现为温度越高,溶解氧浓度越小,可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换越强烈. 相似文献
6.
三峡水库澎溪河CO2、CH4气泡释放通量初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
气泡释放是天然水体中水-气交换的重要途径之一.采用改进的倒置漏斗型气泡通量监测装置于2012年3-8月期间对三峡支流澎溪河高阳平湖库湾水域进行气泡释放通量的监测研究.研究期间,研究水域CH4气泡释放通量变化范围为0.01 ～ 23288.64 μmol/(m2·d);CO2气泡释放通量变化范围为0～799.89 μmol/(m2·d).不同常规采样点CH4、CO2气泡释放通量均呈现出高度的时空异质性特征.但CH4气泡释放通量显著高于CO2气泡释放通量,且二者释放过程具有同步性.同国外已有水库监测结果相比,澎溪河回水区高阳平湖库湾水域CH4、CO2气泡释放通量位于中等水平.CH4气泡释放通量约为同期CH4扩散通量的0～ 1893.90％,超量释放下CH4气泡释放通量可达同水域CH4扩散通量的6270.5％±390.0％.CO2气泡释放通量仅占同期扩散通量绝对值的0～ 21.74‰,超量释放下,CO2气泡释放通量亦仅为同期扩散通量绝对值的40.33‰ ±0.93‰.CH4气泡释放通量在支流库湾水域对总通量的贡献不可忽视. 相似文献
7.
为了解东平湖菹草(Potamogeton crispus)腐烂分解对水体温室气体溶存浓度和界面扩散通量的影响,于2016年5-7月在东平湖菹草腐烂期采集上覆水和沉积物柱样,测定上覆水和孔隙水中温室气体(N_2O、CH_4和CO_2)的溶存浓度,采用Fick第一定律和双层模型计算沉积物-水-气界面扩散通量,同时分析上覆水和沉积物的理化性质,并采用网袋分解法于现场进行菹草腐烂分解试验,以探究东平湖菹草腐烂过程中温室气体溶存和扩散的主要影响因子及其主要来源.结果表明,菹草腐烂符合二次指数模型,分为快速衰减和慢速分解两个阶段;菹草腐烂过程中上覆水pH和亚硝态氮浓度表现为先降低后升高,而溶解氧、氨氮、硝态氮和可溶性正磷酸盐浓度则为先升高后下降,沉积物中铵态氮含量表现为先升高后降低,硝态氮为先降低后显著升高,有机质和p H呈降低-升高-降低的波动变化;上覆水中各温室气体浓度和水气界面扩散通量均表现为CO_2 CH_4 N_2O,其扩散通量分别为5862.9±5441.4、31.15±41.3和0.15±0.57μmol/(m~2·h),整体表现为大气温室气体的"源",并以碳排放为主;上覆水中N_2O浓度和水-气界面扩散通量均先降低后升高,孔隙水中N_2O浓度在快速和慢速分解阶段分别出现极大值(22.7和55.6 nmol/L),而其沉积物-水界面通量前期持续增加至腐烂结束后迅速降低;上覆水和孔隙水中CH_4浓度及其各界面通量均表现为前期略有降低后持续升高;上覆水中CO_2浓度和水-气界面通量表现为持续升高后降低并趋于稳定,而孔隙水中CO_2呈波动变化,在菹草腐烂初期向孔隙水扩散,后期向上覆水扩散.水温是影响上覆水中温室气体浓度和水-气界面通量的主要因素;沉积物是水体N_2O和CH_4的主要来源,孔隙水中浓度是控制其沉积物-水界面扩散的重要因素;而上覆水中CO_2呈现多源性,但以上覆水中有机物质的矿化为主. 相似文献
8.
江西省水库温室气体释放及其影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对江西省柘林、白云山、陡水、洪门、仙女湖5个水库表面N_2O、CH_4和CO_2这3种温室气体的溶存浓度进行测定,估算出这3种温室气体在水-气界面的释放速率分别为0.29~1.05、3.65~39.42和-51.56~1383.21μg/(m~2·h).与其他环境因素的相关性分析表明,总氮浓度是控制N2O释放速率的决定性因素;CH_4的释放速率与水体温度、透明度以及总磷浓度的相关性显著;而CO_2的释放速率与叶绿素a、总有机碳浓度等环境因素均未发现单一的相关性.根据温室气体的全球变暖潜能值计算得到5个水库温室气体总的CO_2等效释放速率(TFeq-CO_2)范围为237.83~2267.83μg CO_2-e/(m~2·h).N2O、CH_4和CO_2的CO_2等效释放速率在TFeq-CO_2中所占比例范围分别为13.94%~83.26%、20.54%~175.21%和-140.43%~60.99%.N_2O和CH_4的CO_2等效释放速率对TFeq-CO_2的贡献基本相当;在柘林和仙女湖水库中CO_2的贡献为负值,而在其余3个水库中CO_2是水库所释放的最为主要的温室气体.本实验中5个水库温室气体的TFeq-CO_2相当于10.52~377.10 t C/a的碳排放,占产生相同电能燃煤发电站年碳排放量的0.05%~1.12%. 相似文献
9.
太湖沉积物-水界面生源要素迁移机制及定量化——1.铵态氮释放速率的空间差异及源-汇通量 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
采集柱状芯样,室内静态模拟不同温度下太湖沉积物铵态氮释放.结果表明,经面积加权,5℃、15℃和25℃下氮的交换速率分别为-16.0±17.6mg/穴m2·d雪、12.6±6.9mg/穴m2·d雪和34.1±20.8mg/穴m2·d雪,不同湖区其释放速率差异极大.受外源污染影响较大的水域,氮释放量随温度的升高而增加;受死亡残体沉降和分解影响明显的草藻型湖区,氮的年释放通量较大.全太湖沉积物-水界面NH4 -N的年净通量为9960.3±4960.0t,其中成汇的通量值约为-911±637.9t/a,大部分泥区在一年中至少经过了一次的源-汇转换过程. 相似文献
10.
垂向归纳模型下鄱阳湖丰、枯水期初级生产力特征及与环境因子相关性分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
于2014年1月(枯水期)、7月(丰水期)对鄱阳湖湖水进行采集,测定相应的理化参数、叶绿素a浓度和光合有效辐射,结合初级生产力垂向归纳模型估算浮游植物初级生产力,分析湖区初级生产力特征及与环境因子的相关性.结果表明,鄱阳湖枯水期浮游植物初级生产力波动范围为83.50~355.43 mg C/(m~3·d),平均值为193.33 mg C/(m~3·d),初级生产力空间分布特征主要受水体类型的影响,枯水期初级生产力与氮、磷营养盐浓度呈负相关,其中与铵态氮浓度呈显著负相关,枯水期不会出现营养盐限制现象;丰水期浮游植物初级生产力波动范围为113.80~1134.06 mg C/(m~3·d),平均值为412.12 mg C/(m~3·d),初级生产力空间分布主要受河流注入的影响,丰水期浮游植物初级生产力与总磷及悬浮物浓度呈显著正相关,由于悬浮物对浮游植物生长的促进作用大于抑制作用,鄱阳湖丰水期会出现磷营养盐的限制;鄱阳湖整体平均流速约为0.28 m/s,易于浮游植物的生长,南鄱阳湖平均流速约为0.21 m/s,而北鄱阳湖平均流速约为0.35 m/s,所以南鄱阳湖比北鄱阳湖更容易发生水体富营养化并暴发水华. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
16.
《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
17.
Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
18.
Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
20.
K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献