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南四湖沉积剖面中色素与有机碳同位素特征的古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湖泊沉积物中的色素含量与种类是研究湖泊初始生产力的湖泊环境的有效手段之一。而有机碳同位素比值反映了沉积有机物来源信息。本文在对南四湖沉积剖面中总有机含量分析的基础上,测定了有机碳的同位素比值,同时通过剖面中色素指标的分析,揭示该湖泊环境演化历史。研究表明,南四湖成湖时代为２．４５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,成湖水体主要来自黄河泛滥;其次,南四湖东西沉积环境差异较大,西部（微山湖）主要受黄河泛滥影响,东部（独山湖 相似文献
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太湖藻型湖区沉积物中生物易降解物质组成及分布规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究富营养化湖泊藻型湖区沉积物中生物易降解有机质的组成及其垂向分布特征，选取太湖竺山湾湖滨带和开敞湖区采集沉积物柱状样，利用微电极技术测定沉积物-水界面理化指标的剖面特征，并对沉积物中含水率、烧失量、色素含量、总有机碳、总氮以及生物易降解物质（总蛋白、总糖和总脂）进行测定.结果表明：藻型湖区沉积物-水界面处溶解氧、pH和氧化还原电位在垂向剖面上呈现出随深度增加而下降的趋势，空间上存在明显的异质性，湖滨带沉积物-水界面溶解氧、pH和氧化还原电位显著低于开敞湖区，而沉积物-水界面H2S浓度在垂向上则表现为随深度先降低而后升高的趋势.此外，藻型湖区沉积物中生物易降解有机质的组成和分布同样存在明显的空间异质性.组成上以脂类（7.7 mg/g）为主，其次是糖类（4.5 mg/g），蛋白质（0.8 mg/g）含量最低；空间上，湖滨带沉积物中生物易降解有机质含量显著高于开敞湖区，表层15 cm以上沉积物含水率和烧失量较高，有机质含量丰富. 相似文献
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南四湖沉积剖面中色素与有机碳同位素特征的古环境意义 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
湖泊沉积物中的色素含量与种类是研究湖泊初始生产力和湖泊环境的有效手段之一．而有机碳同位素比值反映了沉积有机物来源信息．本文在对南四湖沉积剖面中总有机碳含量分析的基础上,测定了有机碳的同位素比值,同时通过剖面中色素指标的分析,揭示该湖泊环境演化历史．研究表明,南四湖成湖时代为2．45kaB．P,成期水体主要来自黄河泛滥;其次,南四湖东西沉积环境差异较大,西部（微山湖）主要受黄河泛滥影响,东部（独山湖）则为山麓碎屑沉积;近代南四湖中蓝藻大量繁盛,湖泊具有逐步向富营养化发展的趋势． 相似文献
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在不同季节,采集太湖梅梁湾和贡湖湾沉积物柱状样,研究沉积物Eh、pH、总氮、总磷以及有机质四季垂向剖面分布变化特征.研究结果表明,在表层下(0-3 cm),Eh随沉积物深度的增加迅速下降,很快进入还原状态.沉积物剖面上pH变化幅度不大,在6.4-7.8之间,冬季沉积物pH均有所降低.太湖沉积物中含有丰富的营养盐,总氮和总磷最高浓度分别为2.68和0.864 mg/g,其剖面分布特征表明,沉积物表层总氮和总磷含量远高于底层,其含量随深度增加而降低,但四季变化趋势不明显.沉积物中有机质含量在10 cm以上变化幅度较大,随着沉积物深度的增加,有机质含量明显减少,季节变化幅度不大.比较不同采样点发现,位于梅梁湾生态系统试验区内的S1位点沉积物氮磷内源负荷最大. 相似文献
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悬浮颗粒物和沉积物是湖泊有机污染物的主要承载物质,其稳定同位素研究对有效识别有机质污染导致的湖泊富营养化具有重要意义.本研究选取乌梁素海为研究区,于2019年4月（融冰期）、7月（夏灌期）和10月（秋灌期）对湖区及入湖渠道的表层沉积物和悬浮颗粒物中有机碳的δ13C、C/N比及总有机碳（TOC、POC）和总氮（TON、PON）含量进行测定分析,联合采用δ13C、C/N及同位素多元混合模型研究湖泊有机碳来源及其贡献率.结果表明,乌梁素海悬浮颗粒物有机碳δ13CPOC的变化范围为-23.29‰~-29.75‰,呈现10月>4月>7月、入湖渠道>湖区的趋势,悬浮颗粒物POC/PON比变化范围为4.10~21.35,呈现出4月<7月<10月的时间变化,悬浮颗粒有机质主要来源于浮游植物（51.59%）、入湖渠道泥沙（34.60%）和大型水生植物（13.76%）.沉积物有机碳δ13CTOC变化范围为-27.58‰~-22.68‰,呈现4月<10月<7月的变化,沉积物TOC/TON比变化范围为3.06~23.77,时空变化明显,沉积物有机质则主要源于入湖渠道挟带的泥沙,贡献达72.79%以上,而浮游植物与大型水生植物的贡献率相差较小,分别为11.85%和15.36%.本研究可以初步判定受入湖渠道影响的富营养化湖泊中悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机碳来源,为改善湖泊有机污染和研究有机碳来源提供更多理解. 相似文献
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富营养化湖泊的藻类残体大量沉降到湖底,其中易降解成分的降解和转化快速消耗底层水体中的溶解氧,极易造成水土界面缺氧,影响湖泊生态系统的健康.于2014年对巢湖12个样点的表层沉积物进行周年跟踪研究,分析样品中有机质来源、总有机碳(TOC)、蛋白质、总糖、总脂以及生物聚合物碳(BPC)等成分含量,揭示易降解有机质的成分特征及在巢湖的分布规律.研究表明:巢湖表层沉积物TOC含量较高,全湖样点平均含量达到1.24%.BPC含量占TOC含量的30.99%~60.48%,有机质中易降解成分含量较高,并且在冬季和夏季时在巢湖西北部湖区有明显累积;有机质及其中的生物易降解部分均主要集中在粒径4~8μm的表层沉积物上,在应用工程技术手段处理、降解表层沉积物中的过量有机质时,更应该关注粒径为4~8μm的沉积物颗粒. 相似文献
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长江中下游湖泊沉积物中磷的形态及藻类可利用量 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
调研了长江中下游地区25个浅水湖泊的35个样点表层沉积物中磷的地球化学形态特征,以及太湖沉积物中藻类可利用磷(AAP)的空间分布,垂向分布特征及其蓄积量,探讨了浅水湖泊表层沉积物中磷的赋存量,地球化学形态及其与水草,湖水磷浓度,叶绿素(Chl-a)浓度之间的关系.结果表明,长江中下游地区浅水湖泊的表层沉积物中可交换态磷(Ex-P)含量与水体总磷(TP),溶解性总磷(DTP)及溶解性反应活性磷(SRP)浓度关系密切,有水草湖区的沉积物中生物易利用磷(Bio-P)含量显著低于无水草湖区及藻型湖区.太湖梅梁湾沉积物泥芯中,表层3 cm沉积物中Ex-P含量显著增高,而夏季还原条件下容易转变为溶解态磷的铁磷(Fe-P)含量峰值则出现在4～10cm深度.太湖表层沉积物的Bio-P含量与夏季叶绿素浓度密切相关,说明表层沉积物的Bio-P及AAP可以作为沉积物内源释放风险的指示参数.太湖表层1 cm底泥中所含有的AAP量估计多达268.6吨,风浪扰动能将大量的AAP带入水体,对太湖蓝藻水华暴发起着不可忽视的作用. 相似文献
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太湖不同营养水平湖区沉积物磷形态与生物可利用磷的分布及相互关系 总被引：30，自引：1，他引：30
采用EDTA螯合剂法和不同的化学提取法,研究了太湖3个不同营养水平湖区中8个位点表层沉积物总磷、各组分磷及生物可利用磷的含量分布,探讨了太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物的释磷潜力和生物可利用磷的来源．结果表明,太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物总磷、无机磷和生物可利用磷含量分布差异较大,且与各湖的营养水平相一致．有机磷含量与有机质和含水率显著相关;沉积物中Fe-P和Ca-P对生物可利用磷的贡献较大,这部分磷具有较大的潜在释放风险． 相似文献
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Variation characteristics of heavy metals and nutrients in the core sediments of Taihu Lake and their pollution history 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
The sedimentary environment change, trophic evolution and heavy metals pollution history of the northern Taihu Lake in the last 100 years are studied according to the sedimentary geo-chemical proxies of the core sediments, such as grain size, nutrients, heavy metals, diatom, etc. The nutrients in the sediments depended mainly on the lake internal circulation and the heavy metals were from natural geogenic sources before the 1920s, which were not influenced by human activities generally, and grain size was one of the key factors influencing heavy metals content in the sediments. The alternation of manner and strength of human activities in Taihu Lake catchment before and after the 1920s made the lake sediments coarser, and hence heavy metals and TP content decreased contrasted with that before the 1920s. TP content in sediments and water increased from the 1950s to late 1970s due to anthropogenic pollutants discharge, and the lake belonging to mesotrophic state. TN and TOC content and C/N ratio increased due to the increasing external pollutants into Taihu Lake by human activities, TP content also increased obviously in water and sediments, and the diatom association was dominated by eutrophic species since the late 1970s, indicating the eutrophication state of Taihu Lake in this period. Meanwhile the increasing in heavy metals content, such as Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and their proportion of valid fractions in the sediments indicates that they all result from human pollutants since the late 1970s. The heavy metals in the surface sediments have certain potential biological toxicity due to the higher SEM/AVS ratio. 相似文献
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Variation characteristics of heavy metals and nutrients in the core sediments of Taihu Lake and their pollution history 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sedimentary environment change, trophic evolution and heavy metals pollution history of the northern Taihu Lake in the last 100 years are studied according to the sedimentary geochemical proxies of the core sediments, such as grain size, nutrients, heavy metals, diatom, etc. The nutrients in the sediments depended mainly on the lake internal circulation and the heavy metals were from natural geogenic sources before the 1920s, which were not influenced by human activities generally, and grain size was one of the key factors influencing heavy metals content in the sediments. The alternation of manner and strength of human activities in Taihu Lake catchment before and after the 1920s made the lake sediments coarser, and hence heavy metals and TP content decreased contrasted with that before the 1920s. TP content in sediments and water increased from the 1950s to late 1970s due to anthropogenic pollutants discharge, and the lake belonging to mesotrophic state. TN and TOC content and C/N ratio increased due to the increasing external pollutants into Taihu Lake by human activities, TP content also increased obviously in water and sediments, and the diatom association was dominated by eutrophic species since the late 1970s, indicating the eutrophication state of Taihu Lake in this period. Meanwhile the increasing in heavy metals content, such as Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and their proportion of valid fractions in the sediments indicates that they all result from human pollutants since the late 1970s. The heavy metals in the surface sediments have certain potential biological toxicity due to the higher SEM/AVS ratio. 相似文献
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Estimation of sediment sources using selected chemical tracers in the Perry lake basin,Kansas,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The ability to achieve meaningful decreases in sediment loads to reservoirs requires a determination of the relative importance of sediment sources within the contributing basins. In an investigation of sources of fine-grained sediment （clay and silt） within the Perry Lake Basin in northeast Kansas, representative samples of channel-bank sources, surface-soil sources （cropland and grassland）, and reservoir bottom sediment were collected, chemically analyzed, and compared. The samples were sieved to isolate the 〈63μt m fraction and analyzed for selected nutrients （total nitrogen and total phosphorus）, organic and total carbon, 25 trace elements, and the radionuclide cesium-137 （^137Cs）. On the basis of substantial and consistent compositional differences among the source types, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and ^137Cs were selected for use in the estimation of sediment sources. To further account for differences in particle-size composition between the sources and the reservoir bottom sediment, constituent ratio and clay-normalization techniques were used. Computed ratios included TOC to TN, TOC to TP, and TN to TP. Constituent concentrations （TN, TP, TOC） and activities （^137Cs） were normalized by dividing by the percentage of clay. Thus, the sediment-source estimations involved the use of seven sediment-source indicators. Within the Perry Lake Basin, the consensus of the seven indicators was that both channel-bank and surface-soil sources were important in the Atchison County Lake and Banner Creek Reservoir subbasins, whereas channel-bank sources were dominant in the Mission Lake subbasin. On the sole basis of ^137Cs activity, surface-soil sources contributed the most free-grained sediment to Atchison County Lake, and channel-bank sources contributed the most fine-grained sediment to Banner Creek Reservoir and Mission Lake. Both the seven-indicator consensus and ^137Cs indicated that channelbank sources were dominant for Perry Lake and that channel-bank sources increased in importance with distance downstream in the basin. 相似文献
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磷是坦噶尼喀湖生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,直接决定湖体初级生产力的高低,进而影响到周边居民对于动物蛋白的获取来源.为了解坦噶尼喀湖磷的外源输入,选择湖泊东北部的入湖河流,对表层沉积物(16个样点)中总磷(TP)和各形态磷含量及其分布特征进行分析,并探讨磷的形态分布特征与土地利用方式之间的相关关系.结果表明,入湖河流沉积物TP含量为73.05~239.94 mg/kg,平均含量为152.64±55.37 mg/kg,其中最高值出现在马拉加拉西河口.采用Psenner法对磷进行连续浸提并比较不同形态磷含量,由高及低依次为铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)钙结合态磷(CaP)有机磷(Org-P)残渣态磷(Res-P)弱吸附态磷(Labile-P).土地利用类型对TP及各形态磷含量影响较大,其中TP含量表现为河口湿地城镇附近林草地区,表明地表径流和人类活动会对TP含量产生影响,而对于不同形态磷含量,Laible-P、Fe/Al-P、Org-P含量均表现为河口湿地林草地城镇附近,Ca-P、Res-P含量均表现为城镇附近河口湿地林草地.分析沉积物理化性质与各磷形态之间的相关性,发现沉积物总氮(TN)、有机质和总有机碳与Fe/Al-P、LabileP和TP相关性较好,与Org-P、Ca-P和Res-P相关性较差,表明TN和有机质的输入,会伴随沉积物中磷含量的升高,其增量的赋存形态主要为氧化还原敏感态磷和Labile-P.沉积物粒径组成与各磷形态含量存在相关性,细粒径沉积物与各形态磷含量呈显著正相关,粗粒径沉积物与各形态磷呈显著负相关,表明细小颗粒更易吸附磷. 相似文献
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以我国南方丘陵区红壤小流域为研究对象,对不同土地利用方式坡面下的4个水塘底泥中养分含量作了分层比较研究(0-5 cm,5-10 cm,10-15 cm,15-20 cm,20-25 cm,25-30 cm)．结果表明:4个水塘底泥养分含量差异明显,在0-15 cm泥层有机碳、全氮、速效氮和全磷含量以邻近村庄的水塘(简称C塘)底泥最高,其次为板栗园坡下的水塘(简称B塘),水稻田坡面下水塘(简称S塘)和花生地坡面下水塘(简称H塘)最低;在15-30 cm泥层,有机碳和速效氮含量以B塘最高,而全氮和全磷含量则以C塘最高;有效磷含量除C塘0-15 cm底泥外,其余均为痕量．表明土地利用方式对其坡面下水塘底泥养分含量影响明显．各水塘底泥养分随泥层加深均呈递减趋势,其中全氮和速效氮减幅以C塘最大,分别为36．0％和38．7％,有机碳和全磷减幅则以B塘最大,为29．4％和31．9％;各塘底泥养分含量的最大降幅主要在浅层底泥,水塘养分积累加速表明近年来农村面源污染加剧．传统农业耕作方式的改变是农村水体底泥养分含量增加的主要原因之一． 相似文献
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洪湖人类活动的沉积物记录 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对洪湖150cm长的沉积物样芯进行了TOC、TN、TP、Ca、硫化物测试和AMS定年,在此基础上对洪湖地区人类活动的湖泊沉积响应进行了讨论.TOC和TN的含量呈现相似的变化规律,它们在样芯顶部和底部都出现显著峰值,而中部变化平坦,表示1500年来洪湖环境变演的三个显著不同的阶段;TP从过去到现在总体呈上升的趋势,但上升的幅度不大,这与磷在沉积物中复杂的循环机制有关;Ca的剖面变化显示为底部含量高上部低,其变化情况较复杂;硫化物在顶部15cm的含量比背景值略高,可能指示了上个世纪人类对铁矿和矿物燃料开采强度的增大. 相似文献
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夏季滇池和入滇河流氮、磷污染特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为探讨滇池入湖河流水体营养盐空间分布特征及其对滇池水体富营养化的影响,2014年7月采集了入滇4类典型河流(城市纳污型河流、城乡结合型河流、农田型河流、村镇型河流)及滇池水样,分析其氮、磷浓度.结果表明:4条入湖河流总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、硝态氮和氨氮污染均较严重;河流水体中TN、TP平均浓度大小为:农田型河流(大河)村镇型河流(柴河)城乡结合型河流(宝象河)城市纳污型河流(盘龙江),其中农田型河流(大河)水体TN、TP污染最为严重;在夏季,4条入湖河流水体中TN、TP浓度从上游向下游增加趋势比较明显,表明氮、磷沿河流不断富集;氮磷比分析表明,夏季河流输入氮、磷营养盐有利于藻类的生长,并且滇池浮游植物生长主要受TN浓度限制;夏季滇池南部入湖河流水体的TN、TP浓度高于北部入湖河流,该特征与滇池水体中TN、TP污染分布状况相反,推测滇池北部富营养化的主要影响因素是内源释放.因此,在今后的滇池水体富营养化研究中,应对滇池内源释放进行深入研究. 相似文献