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广西龙滩水库诱发地震环境影响评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据现有地震地质资料,尤其是近五百年来库区周围的历史地震活动情况,对龙滩水库诱发地震可能造成的环境影响作了初步评价.其结果表明,库坝区存在发生破坏性水库地震的风险,尤其库区周围岩溶的存在,为诱发岩溶塌陷型水库地震创造了条件,对于水库堤坝岸坡的稳定是不利的,对库区周围的环境亦有不利影响. 相似文献
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地震危险性分析中的不确定性处理和表征,一直是核电厂厂址地震安全性评价中倍受关注的重要问题,尤其是日本福岛核事故后,无论是确定核电厂厂址的设计基准地震动,还是进行核电厂地震风险评价,都更加重视地震危险性分析中的不确定性.本文通过理论分析重点说明了衰减关系的不确定性,包括标准差和截断水平对核电厂地震安全性评价的影响,并在此基础上,通过算例和讨论说明了概率性方法截断水平的选取问题,探讨了现行确定性方法和概率性方法在截断水平选取上的差异.分析计算结果表明,在地震活动较弱的区域,概率性方法截断水平为3,确定性方法截断水平为0的现行做法是恰当的.但是,对于发震构造大震复发间隔较小的区域,为了使二者在超越概率方面协调,恰当提高确定性方法的截断水平更为合理. 相似文献
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岩基是核电厂Ⅰ、Ⅱ类物项的承载基础,其动力参数取值对核电厂抗震设计意义重大.目前,我国核电站岩基以块状火成岩为主,其动力参数取值和试验成果较少,而有关层状岩体结构的核电站沉积岩岩基动力参数取值和试验研究则未见报道.本文以我国首个以沉积岩为岩基的核电厂为例,基于振动基本理论,设计了自由振动和强迫振动激振实验,并对比了垂直层理水平方向和沿层理水平方向的激振试验结果,旨在获得首个沉积岩核岛岩基的岩基阻尼比、抗剪刚度和抗弯刚度等动力参数,以期为类似工程提供设计依据.试验表明:由自由振动和强迫振动获得的某核电站呈层状岩体结构的沉积岩核岛岩基动力参数相近,岩基抗压刚度系数为21.4-28.83MN/m3;岩基抗剪刚度系数为15.44-22.68MN/m3;岩基抗弯刚度系数为44.24-60.72MN/m3;岩基竖直向阻尼比为7.34%-7.68%;岩基水平回转向第一振型阻尼比为7.43%-7.44%;垂直层理水平方向和沿层理水平方向试验成果的各向异性指数为0.9%-7.5%;动力参数呈弱各向异性.试验结果首次给出了该核电站沉积岩岩基的动力参数取值范围,对具有相似岩基的核电厂抗震设计有较好的工程参考价值. 相似文献
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《地震地质》2017,(5)
福岛核事故后,地震作为初始事件引发核电厂严重事故的问题引起了广泛关注。在此背景下,中国核电厂相继开展了抗震裕度评价,但在评价中选用了不同的地震谱形。基于美国针对早期运行核电厂开展的抗震裕度评价方法和中国核电厂址的地震危险性背景分析,对比了中美两国核电厂抗震设计基准的差异,针对中国目前的情况,建议优先对采用二代加堆型的运行电厂进行抗震裕度评价。通过将RG1.60谱与归一化厂址特定SL-2级加速度反应谱进行对比分析,发现部分核电厂址反应谱谱形在高频部分超过了RG1.60谱,对于这类厂址,直接放大标准反应谱作为抗震裕度地震是不恰当的。对于采用二代加堆型的核电厂,选择了某个厂址特定SL-2级地震动与标准设计比较接近的核电厂址进行了分析,采用不同方法确定其抗震裕度地震,结果表明0.3g标定的NUREG0098中值谱在平台段和长周期部分明显低于相同PGA水平的一致概率谱和设定地震谱,三者都能被0.3g标定的RG1.60谱所包络。考虑到中国运行电厂的抗震设计特点,为了评价核电厂实际抗震能力相对于厂址的抗震安全裕度,可以采用一致概率谱或设定地震谱;为了评价二代加运行核电厂实际抗震能力相对设计基准地震动的抗震安全裕度,建议采用给定PGA标定的RG1.60谱。 相似文献
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中国已运行和在建的核电厂涉及的技术种类较多:有些采用国内技术,有些引进国外技术,且引进的国家及技术均有所不同,这就造成现有中国核电厂设计依据的法规和标准有所不同。对于核电厂的抗震分析,核电厂设计依据不同必然对一定阶段下核电厂抗震设计的深 相似文献
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水库是福建重要的水资源.通过2013-2015年遥感影像结合Google Earth和天地图提取福建水库3353座,分布在81个县区,总面积647.51 km2,约占全省土地面积的0.5%;其中面积≤1 km2水库3248座,总面积197.16 km2,面积1 km2水库105座,总面积450.35 km2.基于经验公式估算总蓄水量188.18亿m3,其中小型水库3078座(91.80%),蓄水总量37.06亿m3(19.69%),大中型水库275座(8.20%),蓄水总量151.12亿m3(80.31%).从空间分布格局来看,福建水库水资源空间分布不均,沿海六市水库密度大于三个内陆市,大中型水库主要分布于福建西北部,蓄水量呈现西北多、东南少的特点.单位陆地面积水库数量沿海城市县区均多于内陆,而单位人口水库数量则相反;单位面积水库蓄水量沿海与内陆差异不大,而人均蓄水量则沿海大部分县区远小于内陆.仅以水库作为供水水源,不能满足沿海地区用水,但内陆地区供水充足.水库蓄水对河流水体的平均滞留时间为0.053~0.341 a,除晋江流域受水库蓄水强烈影响外,其他流域受水库中等程度影响. 相似文献
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某高温气冷堆核电厂结构地震反应分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以某高温气冷堆核电厂结构为原型,利用有限元软件建立三维结构实体模型,开展了模态分析和弹性动力时程分析的数值计算,以探讨某高温气冷堆核电厂的结构特性和抗震性能,并重点分析了在三向地震动作用下高温气冷堆核电厂的加速度、位移反应时程和楼层反应谱.总体上看,高温气冷堆核电厂在两个水平向的刚度比较均匀,楼层反应接近,布局较为合理;在三向地震动作用下,顶层中心点的竖向楼层反应均明显大于两水平方向楼层反应,因此在高温气冷堆核电厂结构设计中,应关注竖向地震动对核电厂地震反应带来的不利影响. 相似文献
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简要介绍强震动观测和地震预警技术及其在核电站工程中的应用情况.基于有关导则相关要求的介绍,对核电站强震观测系统的一般要求进行说明,分别以Beznau核电站和我国某核电站为例,介绍了强震仪测点的布置情况.以立陶宛Ignalina核电站为例,对地震预警技术在核电站中的应用情况做了分析和探讨.最后,提出了今后核电站地震观测和地震预警中值得关注的有关问题. 相似文献
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The sources of technological radionuclides coming into the ecosystem of a nuclear power plant (NPP) cooling reservoir are considered and estimated. The information about the volumetric and mass activity in the biotic and abiotic components of the reservoir ecosystem is analyzed. The activity distribution between the components was determined. The activity reserve in the ecosystems of the cooling reservoirs in central European Russia has been estimated. The real radioactive input from NPPs to the reservoir is shown to be insignificant. It is concluded that cooling reservoirs can be used for any needs of the national economy and for the recreation (with respect to the radiation factor). 相似文献
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Information on 3H release at nuclear power plants (NPP), its escape beyond NPP and migration in the atmosphere and cooling pool is generalized and analyzed. It is shown that 3H that has formed in the process of NPP operation and entered the environment is not a radiation hazard to the population and natural objects. 相似文献
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The processes of thermal eutrophication of the cooling reservoirs of the Smolensk and Kursk nuclear power plants (NPP) were studied. Data characterizing changes in the concentrations of inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphates in water during its heating in the NPP cooling system were obtained. Different aspects of the effect of heated water on the production–destruction processes are discussed. The conditions under which the intensity of thermal eutrophication can substantially increase were determined. 相似文献
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DISCUSSION ON THE SPECTRA SHAPE OF SEISMIC MARGIN EARTHQUAKE OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN CHINA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fukushima nuclear accident caused widespread concern of earthquake initiated severe accident. Under this background, China nuclear utilities carried out research and application of seismic margin assessment(SMA)approach to evaluate the seismic margin of the existing nuclear power plants(NPP)by different spectra shape of seismic margin earthquake(SME). By reviewing the method used to determine SME of operational NPP in central and eastern United States(CEUS), this paper analyzed the seismic hazard characteristic of China NPP sites, contrasted the design basis ground motion between NPP in CEUS and China, and suggested giving priority to evaluating the seismic margin of operational NPP that adopted the improved second generation technology for the urgency and importance of assessment on the actual seismic capacity of NPP. Comparing RG1.60 spectrum to normalized site-specific SL-2 level acceleration spectra, we found that some normalized spectra overtook the RG1.60's in high frequency range, so it is not always adequate to scale RG1.60 spectrum to evaluate the seismic margin for sites of the improved second generation NPP. We selected a sample site whose site-specific SL-2 level ground motion is close to the standard design of improved second generation NPP(0.2g scaled RG1.60 spectrum)to determine the seismic margin earthquake by probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method of the sample site. Compared to the given PGA(0.3g)scaled scenario earthquake ground motions and the uniform hazard response spectrum(UHRS), whose PGA is 0.3g to PGA(0.3g)scaled standard spectra(median NUREG/CR0098 spectrum and RG1.60 spectrum), the results demonstrated that uniform hazard response spectrum and scaled scenario earthquake ground motions are both significantly higher than the PGA scaled median NUREG/CR0098 spectrum, and all the three spectra are enveloped by PGA scaled RG1.60 spectrum. Then, this paper suggests adopting the uniform hazard response spectrum or scenario earthquake ground motions to evaluate the seismic margin of improved second generation NPP beyond site SL-2 ground motion; and to evaluate the seismic margin of improved second generation NPP beyond standard design, we recommend to use PGA scaled RG1.60 spectrum. 相似文献
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Requirements for the seismic resistance of nuclear power plants (NPPs) considerably differ from those for of other industrial facilities due to the necessity of protecting not only the NPP itself, but also the environment from radiation hazard. According to special regulations, even if an NPP construction site is located in a region with low seismicity, the NPP design should be based on the maximum design earthquake and peak acceleration typical of the region. Note that seismic warning systems for NPPs differ fundamentally in design and operation principles from conventional seismic monitoring systems. Seismic warning systems are required to reliably detect seismic events threatening the operability of nuclear power plants, to promptly inform operators, and to prevent false alarms and unauthorized access to the system. Atomseismoizyskaniya LLC has developed a seismic warming system (SSZ-1M) and put it into trial operation at the reactor units of the Smolensk NPP in 2014–2015. The system comprises six seismic groups: two groups per each reactor unit. Each group consists of three independent seismic recording channels, the sensors of which are distributed around the reactor unit at a distance of up to 500 m from the latter. Each channel records three components of seismic signals; the acceleration vector is calculated and compared with a preset threshold. Signals exceeding the threshold are fed to a coincidence circuit that generates an alarm if two of the three signals exceed the threshold. This scheme excludes false alarms. The components of the system are characterized by high reliability and stability. The performance of the system channels has been officially certified. The system automatically performs continuous fault diagnosis. The programs responsible for system function and diagnostics are independent; the system units have individual equipment. To exclude the possibility of external impacts, the SSZ-1M warning system has no Internet connection. Special seismic signal simulators were developed to test the operability of the system when deployed. 相似文献
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Net primary productivity (NPP) lays the foundation for provision of various ecosystem services, and understanding the impacts of potential influencing factors on NPP is of great significance to formulating appropriate management measures to guarantee the sustainable provision of essential ecosystem services. This study analyzed the impacts of potential influencing factors on NPP in the lower Heihe River Basin, a typical arid and semi-arid region in China. First, NPP was estimated with the C-FIX model, and then the multilevel model was used to analyze the impacts of potential influencing factors on NPP during 2000–2008. Finally decomposition analysis was used to further analyze the contribution of influencing factors to NPP change during 2000–2008. The average NPP increased by approximately 9.07% during 2000–2008, and results of the multilevel model indicate that both the socioeconomic variables and demographic variables are useful in explaining NPP change. In particular, coefficients of rainfall and evapotranspiration which represent the water availability reached 0.0456 and 0.2956, respectively. Results of decomposition analysis suggested that the water availability played an important role in increasing NPP, with a contribution rate of 44.17%, and it is necessary to carry out some policies that can promote the water use efficiency to increase NPP under the background of climate change and intensified human activities. There are some uncertainties in the results of this study, but these results still can provide valuable reference information for the water resource management to increase the ecosystem service supply in the lower Heihe River Basin. 相似文献
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E. G. Bugaev 《Seismic Instruments》2012,48(4):314-332
The criteria and requirements for consideration of rare tectonic and seismic events at the locations of nuclear power plants (NPP) were subject to comparative analysis in the context of the aftermath of the earthquake with M w = 8.9 that happened on March 11, 2011 in the southeast of Honshu Island. The main problems of regional and detailed methods for seismic hazard assessment under selection of safe placement of nuclear plants are discussed. Deterministic and probabilistic estimates of the parameters of seismic impacts on the Fukushima-1 NPP were considered taking into account the consequences of the March 11, 2011 earthquake. The development of the uniform requirements to safe placement of nuclear power stations and unified methods for seismic hazard assessment is proven to be urgent. It is necessary to take into account the possible causes of extreme seismic events able to result in the beyond design-basis accidents not considered in the project and also organizational and technical measures to reduce the radiological consequences of the beyond design-basis accidents caused by the impact of rare but severe natural and anthropogenic factors. 相似文献
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核电工程应用隔震技术的可行性探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文旨在观察和分析有关基底隔震技术在核电工程中应用的相关问题,重点讨论如何将此类已经相当成熟的技术应用于核电这一类十分特殊、十分重要、十分敏感而又十分复杂的工程中.文中指出隔震技术有很多优点,可以整体改进核电工程的安全性和可靠性,有利于促进未来核电厂设计和建造的标准化,缩短建设时间,降低建厂的初始投资和生命周期中的运行... 相似文献
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Impacts of land-use and climate changes on ecosystem productivity and carbon cycle in the cropping-grazing transitional zone in China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
GAO Zhiqiang LIU Jiyuan CAO Mingkui LI Kerang & TAO Bo Institute of Geographic Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(9):1479-1491
Terrestrial ecosystems are both a carbon source and sink, therefore play an important role in the global carbon cycle that act as a link of interactions between human activities and climate changes[1,2]. Climate change impacts ecosystem carbon cycle through af- fecting biological processes, e.g. plant photosynthesis, respiration, and soil carbon decomposition. Land-use change directly modifies the distribution and structure of terrestrial ecosystems and hence the carbon storage and fluxes. Usi… 相似文献