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1.
Taihu Lake is one of the famous five great freshwater lakes in China. Taihu Lxike Basin (TLB) is a densely populated and economic developed area in China. The surface water quality in TLB was deteriorated from I-Ⅱ grade in the history to IV-V grade at present. To develop a series of technology of most cost-effective and achievable for improving environment in a local water area of most sensitive for society and improving water quality for more and more areas step by step is the key point of the new strategy. Except the measures for reducing the industrial and domestic pollution load to the lake, some research topics are suggested to be emphasized. 相似文献
2.
Preliminary study on assessment of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin based on SWAT modeling 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
With the Taihu Basin as a study area, using the spatially distributed and mechanism-based SWAT model, preliminary simulations of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin during the period of 1995-2002 has been carried out. The topography, soil, meteorology and land use with industrial point pollution discharge, the loss of agricultural fertilizers, urban sewerage, and livestock drainages were all considered in the boundary conditions of the simulations. The model was calibrated and validated against water quality monitoring data from 2001 to 2002. The results show that the annual total productions of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) into Lake Taihu are 40000t and 2000t respectively. Nutrient from the Huxi Region is a major resource for Lake Taihu. The non-point source (surface source) pollution is the main form of catchment sources of nutrients into Lake Taihu, occupied TN 53% and TP 56% respectively. TN and TP nutrients from industrial point pollution discharge are 30% and 16%, and sewerage in both forms of point source and non-point source are TN 31 % and TP 47%. Both the loss of agricultural fertilizers and livestock drainages from the catchment should be paid more attention as an important nutrient source. The results also show that SWAT is an effective model for the simulation of temporally and spatially nutrient changes and for the assessment of the trends in a catchment scale. 相似文献
3.
Study on the simulation of transparency of Lake Taihu under different hydrodynamic conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
It was indicated in this study that there were negative relations between the concentrations of suspended solid (SS) and transparency according to the analysis of measured data of Lake Taihu. Their relations in pervious studies were reviewed, which showed that the changes of transparency in Lake Taihu could be reflected by simulating suspended solid concentration (SSC). Measured data showed that the changes of SSC with wind speed were similar at different water depths. SSC increased with the increasing of wind speed. Both wave and lake current of Lake Taihu had positive relations with SSC. However, wave was the main factor affecting sediment suspension, while flow took the second place. In this study, a numerical model coupling lake current, wave and SSC of Lake Taihu was developed. In the SS model, the combined effects of wave and current were included. The amounts of suspended and deposited sediments near the lake bed surface layer were treated separately. The stochastic characteristics of turbulent flow pulsation near lake beds were also considered, and the start-up conditions of sediment suspension were introduced to the model. The model elucidated the mutual exchange processes between sediment particles in SS and active sediments within and on the bed surface layer. Simulated results showed that lake current had relatively significant effects on the SSC at littoral areas of Lake Taihu, while SSC at the central area of the lake was mainly influenced by wave. The changes of transparency with SSC were simulated for Lake Taihu using this model. Calculated results were validated by measured data with good fitness, which indicated that the model is basically suitable for the simulation and prediction of transparency of Lake Taihu. 相似文献
4.
In accordance with the natural, geographic, and ecological characteristics of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the relation between the water body of Taihu Lake and its surrounding environment, an area, which has tight relevance with the water environment of Taihu Lake, was token as the main investigation region. The area was named as the Taihu Lake Region. Some factors, such as TN, TP, CODCr that characterized the main environmental problem, the eutrophication were selected when conducted the pollution sources investigation on in Taihu Lake Region. The categories, distribution, pollution contribution to the Lake of dijferent pollution sources, as well as the routes of pollutants entering the Lake were basically made clear. Pollution sources that must be preferentially controlled and the direction of controlling those main pollutants, such as TN, TP, CODCr, were proposed. Base on the investigation, a series of eco-systematic approaches for controlling Taihu Lake eutrophication were put forward. They are ecosystem regulation, nutrient substances transferring along food chain, trophic masse degrading step by step along the route from a pollution source to the Lake, building ecological preventive zone of the Lake, as well as the ecological measures for point sources treatment and so on. 相似文献
5.
太湖富营养化问题及其综合控制对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
On the basis of nine-time current situation investigation for eutrophication of Taihu Lake during 1991-1995, this paper evaluated the trophic levels in the different periods and analyzed the development of the main nutrient content in the nearest 35 years. The results show that the trophic level of Taihu Lake is in the transition state from meso-eutrophic to eutrophic. The eutrophhic and hypereutrophic waters account for 10% or so. The limiting nutrient, P, rises most rapidly, which causes the ratio of N:P to decrease. The increase of P content is still one of the main factors giving rise to the eutrophication of Taihu. LakeSome proposals of comprehensive countermeasure for the eutrophication are put forward. They include the pollution source control of the basin, the littoral multiple management, optimal dispatch of water conservancy facilities, the engineering of helping Taihu Lake with diversion of the Changjiang River, and as well as the setting of the water quality protection and legal system. 相似文献
6.
Taihu Lake is the third largest fresh water lake in China, locating in Yangtze Delta as the richest area of China. At present, eutrophication problem is severe in Taihu Lake. This paper, in view of ecological system, presents analysis of the composition structural characteristics of Taihu Lake environment regarded as a whole ecological system, energy and substances circulation between ecological factors. The Taihu Lake ecological environment is proceeding a lake evolution period, i.e. middle-eutrophic to eutrophic. Therefore the diversion water''from Yangtze River to Taihu Lake through the Wangyu River acts to change external agent function for Taihu ecological system, i.e. increasing water quantity of Taihu Lake may rise water level and speed up flow exchanging. Moreover, with harnessing measures for pollution sources to reduce input of nutrients, natural evolution procedure of Taihu ecological environment may slow down to subsequently improve Taihu ecological environment. 相似文献
7.
Lake Taihu, the third largest fresh water lake in China, with a surface area of 2 338 km2, is located in the Changjiang River Delta, the most advanced economic zone in China. During the last two decades, the rapid economic development of local agriculture and industry both in the urban and rural areas of the region has made great advances. Great quantieis of pollutants have been discharged into the lake, its nutrient content has increased continuously, and phytoplankton blooms have occurred in some areas. Water quality protection in Lake Taihu is very important because of its close relation with economical development and people''s daily life. It is urgent to have comprehensive pollution control in Lake Taihu. Based on water quality monitoring data in Lake Taihu from 1987 to 1994, the dynamic variations of water quality and eutrophication trends have been analyzed, showing obvious spatial and temporal variations. The main water quality factors were compared with the standard for drinking water and indicate considerable change with the seasons. Some basic strategies to protect water quality and prevent eutrophication are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
9.
A new up-winding finite element numerical model, which is two-dimensional and suitable for modeling lake current and the distribution of total phosphorus(TP) in shallow lakes, is derived. Moreover, it is used in the study of wind-driven current in Taihu Lake, and the impact of lake current field on the distribution of TP is also discussed. 相似文献
10.
GeorgeGERGOV TzviatkaKARAGIOZOVA 《国际泥沙研究》2005,20(1):62-67
The currently enforced Bulgarian water legislation [the Water Act (1999), the Environmental Protection Act (2002), etc.] requires conducting special studies for accurate assessments of sand and gravel flux along the rivers, prior to the issue of the license for operation of the quarries, where they will be dredged. The activity of a quarry necessitates special investigations because of the large dimensions of the damages inflicted on the environment. Ours studies have shown that there are two types of river reaches, in which abstraction of sand and gravel is performed. The first one refers usually to the plain area river reaches. The other type is mountainous with high rate of sediment load, which consists of coarse solid matter. The “on-the-spot” study on the environmental impact of the sand and gravel dredging has revealed that in the area of the quarry the riverbed cuts into the alluvial sediments to about 6-7 m and this ditch has spread by attenuation at a distance of more than 25 km upstream. Downstream the pit the picture is replicated and at the 8th km a local scour on the riverbed, amounting to more than 1.80-2.00 m, has been measured near the foundation of a massive bridge in the centre of city of Plovdiv. Such assessments of dynamic resources of sand and gravel materials are expected to serve for the purposes of gradual limitation of this activity in river sections close to renewable resources. The amount of sediment load, which may be abstracted in the area of the Orizare quarry in Bulgaria on a yearly basis has been calculated as 6000 m^3/a. It ensures that the resources will not be exhausted and irreversible distortion of the riverbed will be prevented. This is an environmentally safe limit. 相似文献
11.
本文建立了一个大气,水耦合数值模型来研究琵琶湖的环流机制,模拟计算结果表明：１）在湖面上存在一个正的风涡度场以及白天的正散度场,晚上的负散度场,在温度分层的季节里,这一特殊的琵琶湖流流域大气边界层可以产生并维持北湖一稳定,强度较弱的气旋式环流。２）当考虑大气边界层的不均匀风场的影响时,湖中形成的环流比均匀风场驱动形成的环流比均匀风场驱动形成的环流更加稳定且维持时间更长．３）局地风场可以在湖中驱动形 相似文献
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太湖东部不同类型湖区底泥疏浚的生态效应 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
为研究底泥生态疏浚对太湖东部不同类型湖区水生生态系统的影响,2012年8月于东太湖养殖湖区和胥口湾草型湖区采集沉积物和生物样品,分析疏浚对底泥污染控制、水质改善以及各生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,底泥疏浚能有效去除表层沉积物中的营养物质,降低底泥重金属含量及其潜在生态风险,但底泥疏浚对不同类型湖区水质和生物群落结构的影响存在明显差别.在富营养化较严重的东太湖养殖湖区,底泥疏浚达到了一定的改善水质的效果,浮游植物密度、生物量均不同程度降低,且群落中蓝藻所占比例下降;水生植物和底栖动物群落也在较短时间内得到恢复;胥口湾草型湖区的底泥疏浚则破坏了原先良好的水生植物群落,造成湖区整体水质下降,各主要生物类群的恢复相对缓慢. 相似文献
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太湖鱼类产量、组成的变动规律及与环境的关系 总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27
湖泊生态系统健康包含两个方面的内涵:满足人类社会合理要求的能力和湖泊生态系统自我维持与更新的能力.获知湖泊生态系统健康状况及其区域分异特征,对于湖泊管理具有重要意义.本文基于对太湖的野外调查,计算了表征湖泊生态系统健康的系统能、系统能结构、生态缓冲容量和湖泊营养状态指数.聚类分析结果表明,太湖不同湖区生态系统健康状况存在一定差异,东部湖区较好,西部湖区较差,呈现由东南部湖区向西北部湖区递减的趋势.该结果对进一步研究湖泊生态系统健康评价指标阈值具有重要的参考意义. 相似文献
16.
湖泊底泥疏浚环境效应:Ⅳ.对沉积物微生物活性与群落功能多样性的影响及其意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过为期一年的疏浚模拟试验,在试验室培养疏浚与对照柱样研究了底泥疏浚对沉积物微生物活性和群落功能多样性的影响。研究结果表明,太湖梅梁湾研究区模拟疏浚表层30cm对沉积物物理、化学和微生物性质影响较大。疏浚沉积物微生物活性显著低于未疏浚沉积物的微生物活性,疏浚对沉积物微生物活性影响较大且在一年的试验周期内难以恢复。底泥疏浚对沉积物微生物功能多样性产生影响,疏浚后初期新生表层沉积物的微生物群落多样性指数显著低于未疏浚沉积物,底泥疏浚改变了沉积物中微生物群落组成,并会导致微生物群落功能多样性降低。底泥疏浚对微生物活性与微生物群落功能多样性产生影响,从而对沉积物中生源要素的循环产生影响。 相似文献
17.
东太湖的环境质量现状调查评价 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
通过1990—1991年东太湖的水文、水质、底质和生物凋查,对其水质作出评价并探求营养现状。结果表明:东太湖的水质状况良好,营养状况已进入中富营养状态叶。 相似文献
18.
磷是湖泊生态系统物质和能量循环的重要组成部分,是湖泊富营养化防治的重要控制性指标.为分析太湖富营养化与人类活动的关系,掌握总磷（TP）的时空变化规律及驱动因子,本文收集整理了1980—2020年太湖TP浓度数据并分析了TP的时序、时空和年内变化特征.结果表明,1980s经济社会快速发展之初,伴随着工业和三产用水量激增,废污水排放量和入湖负荷大增,1985—1995年太湖TP浓度急剧升高.随着治理与保护措施的实施,到1995年达到峰值后逐步走低,2009年后进入了窄幅波动期.从空间上看,不同时段TP浓度分布格局较好地反映了入湖污染物的输入分布.通过分时段对比分析可能影响太湖TP浓度变化的驱动因子,分别讨论了经济社会发展、用水量、废污水排放量,入湖水量、入湖河流TP浓度、入湖TP负荷,蓝藻水华、水温,高等水生植物,底泥释放,太湖换水周期变化等.结果表明,近10年来入湖TP负荷增加,蓝藻水华强度加大,水温升高,高等水生植物面积减少,这些因素会导致太湖TP浓度上升.2008—2019年净入湖TP负荷比1998—2007年增加了33.9%,而近10年太湖换水周期缩短了17.7%,在一定程度上抵消了影响太湖TP浓度升高的驱动因子的不利影响,太湖TP浓度不升反降.为此建议在新一轮太湖治理中积极开展控源截污、节水减排、水资源调控、高等水生植被恢复、重点污染湖区清淤疏浚等针对性措施以期获得更好的太湖TP浓度控制效果. 相似文献
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太湖湖滨带的生态建设 总被引：23，自引：6，他引：17
太湖湖滨带是太湖流域重点污染控制区之一。本文根据流域生态学与流域管理学的原理,提出了太湖湖滨带生态建设的途径。（1）发展生态农业,减少农田污染。（2）入湖河道沿岸两侧建设河岸林带,成为农田与河流间的缓冲带。（3）加强沿岸丘陵的水土保持。（4）充分利用湖泊湿地的净化功能,作为治理太湖富营养化的有效措施。（5）选择入湖河道河口,在试验基础上建立人工湿地。推动太湖湖滨带生态建设工程顺利开展的措施：（1）提高全社会的环境保护意识。（2）从组织和制度上加强湖滨带污染控制管理。（3）建立环境监测和信息管理系统。（4）开展湖滨带污染控制工程的试验研究。 相似文献