共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 274 毫秒
1.
2.
转换波静校正一直是困扰转换波成像的瓶颈.本文在重点分析了转换波静校正难点的基础上,选取一块复杂断陷地区的3D3C资料为实例,对前人方法做出一些有效的改进,提出一套适合于复杂断陷地区的转换波组合静校正方法,基本思路是:层间结构模型法与折射层析法相结合求取炮点静校正量;等效模型法求取检波点长波长量;纵波构造约束相关法求取检波点中长波长量;综合全局寻优法求取检波点短波长量.同时,对一块高密度3D3C资料进行静校正处理,得出一套适合于大数据量构造简单地区的转换波组合静校正方法.实际地震资料处理效果表明,这两套方法能较好地解决转换波静校正问题,具有实际的应用价值. 相似文献
3.
4.
在转换波地震勘探数据处理中,接收点的横波静校正一直是较难解决的问题.因为横波速度基本不受潜水面的影响,横波低速带厚且不均匀,速度又比较低,通常会造成转换波接收点的横波静校正量大且横向变化剧烈,与纵波静校正没有直接相关性.针对这种情况,我们采用改进的纵波构造时间控制方法求取转换波接收点的静校正,在转换波的共接收点叠加剖面上追踪拾取多组同相轴,联合纵波对应层位的地下构造时间确定接收点大的横波静校正量.通过不同的时移将几个相邻的层位合成一个反射层位,解决同相轴不能连续追踪的难题,同时利用浅、中和深层多组层位对一个接收点的静校正量求其平均,降低拾取误差对静校正量的影响,兼顾地下浅、中和深层的静校正效果.实际数据处理结果表明,该静校正方法能稳定的解决转换波静校正问题,取得了较好的应用效果. 相似文献
5.
P-SV转换波处理与传统的P-P波处理有很大的不同,如S波静校正、CCP叠加、P-SV速度分析和偏移等,其中最大的难题就是S波静校正问题.S波速度基本不受潜水面的影响,与纵波静校正没有直接相关性,有时横波静校正量能达到纵波静校正量的十倍,用纵波静校正量乘以比例系数来解决横波静校正问题将导致较大误差.同一接收点X和Z分量存在一定的初至时差,该时差代表了P波和S波在低降速带的走时差,可以利用该时差和近地表纵横波速度比信息去除低降速带对横波的影响,得到准确的静校正量.本文利用多分量初至时差推导了较为精确的横波静校正公式,再结合共检波点叠加求取剩余静校正量的方法,形成了完整的转换波静校正配套方法.利用该方法对苏里格气田二维及三维多波地震资料进行了实际处理,数据处理结果证明了该方法的有效性,该方法尤其适用于其他方法难以奏效的风化层较厚地区的横波静校正量求解,该方法也同时考虑了长波长横波静校正问题. 相似文献
6.
7.
初至叠加法在宣汉地区转换波静校正中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
由于转换波记录静校正量大、信噪比一般较低,利用反射波进行静校正往往不易取得满意的结果.由于转换波自身特点,转换波初至的识别和拾取一直是一个难题.论文通过推导共检波点道集中初至的时距曲线公式得到了共检波点道集中P-P-P波初至和P-P-SV波初至在一定偏移据范围内平行的结论.根据这一结论,提出了共检波点域初至波叠加法确定转换波初至的算法.利用这种算法对宣汉地区的转换波资料进行了转换波初至识别,并拾取了纵波和转换波初至时差,使用延迟时时差法计算静校正量取得了令人满意的效果. 相似文献
8.
估算剩余静校正量可看作是以激发点及接收点剩余静校正量为模型参数的、以叠加能量为目标函数的全局最优值的搜索问题．当地震记录的剩余静校正量大而信噪比较低时，应用相关统计法不能有效地拾取静校正量．本文分别采用了ＣＭＰ道集内道间互相关法、图像边缘提取的Ｌａｐｌａｃｉａｎ算法及ＤＦＰ算法，三种不同算法联合迭代反演可求取最佳的模型参数，使目标函数值达到或接近于全局最优．理论试算及实际资料处理效果表明，这种方法能够解决低信噪比及大静校正量造成的周期跳跃等静校正问题． 相似文献
9.
我国北方地区黄土塬覆盖区的静校正问题是地震数据处理中的难点问题之一.黄土塬表层覆盖巨厚黄土，高差起伏较大，地震静校正问题严重；而且黄土塬覆盖区的潜水面普遍较深，常规折射静校正方法无法取得令人满意的处理效果.本文针对黄土塬覆盖区的静校正难题，研究层析反演静校正方法在黄土塬地区的适用性和可靠性.层析反演静校正利用地震波初至走时数据、通过迭代反演的方法构建速度模型，进而依据所得的近地表速度模型对地震数据进行静校正处理.本文的迭代反演采用同步迭代重构算法（SIRT），并且对同步迭代重构算法进行了改进，使得层析反演的迭代过程趋于稳定.但是，因为黄土塬覆盖区地表高程的横向变化剧烈，相邻检波点的高差及其静校正量有时差异很大，在运用层析静校正求取长波长静校正量的同时，还需采用初至波剩余静校正方法求取短波长静校正量.实例证明，综合应用依据初至波走时数据的层析静校正和剩余静校正方法，同时计算长波长和短波长的静校正量，能够有效地解决黄土塬覆盖区实际地震资料的静校正问题. 相似文献
10.
针对地震静校正存在的非线性和多参数性等问题，本文提出了一种全局优化的剩余静校正方法.在模型更新规则上，把模拟退火方法和均匀优化设计方法结合在一起，使模型的更新更为合理，从而加快了搜寻全局最优解的速度.同时提出了模型的不同分量的温度参数和退火过程的选取方式，把温度参数的选取与地震剖面的能量联系起来，使温度参数的选取具有自适应的特点.该方法克服了常规模拟退火方法所具有的寻优空间不均匀以及退火参数需通过多次试验选取的缺陷.通过实际地震资料的计算证明，本文提出的方法对地震静校正问题合理而有效. 相似文献
11.
反演瑞雷波频散曲线能有效获取地层横波速度和厚度.但由于其高度的非线性、多参数、多极值等特点，传统的全局搜索方法易出现收敛速度慢、早熟收敛及搜索精度低的问题.鉴于此，本文提出并测试了基于萤火虫优化算法（FA）和带惯性权重的蝙蝠优化算法（WBA）的新的瑞雷波频散曲线反演策略.在瑞雷波频散曲线反演中，FA全局搜索能力强，但后期搜索精度低，而WBA局部搜索能力强，搜索精度高，但易出现早熟收敛.故本文将二者结合，提出了一种新的优化策略，称其为WFBA，即在反演前期使用FA，后期使用WBA，很好地解决了FA后期搜索精度低及WBA早熟收敛的问题.本文首先反演了三个典型理论模型的无噪声、含噪声的数据，验证了WFBA对瑞雷波数据反演的有效性与稳定性.然后将WFBA与WBA、FA单独反演以及不含惯性权重的FBA和粒子群优化算法（PSO）反演的结果进行了对比，说明了WFBA相对于WBA、FA、FBA和PSO具有更稳定、收敛速度更快、求解精度更高等优点.最后，反演了来自美国怀俄明地区的实测资料，检验了WFBA对瑞雷波数据反演的实用性.理论模型试算和实测资料分析表明，WFBA很适用于瑞雷波频散曲线的定量解释，具有很高的实用性价值. 相似文献
12.
13.
Yimin Sun Thierry Tonellot Bahaaeldin Kamel Andrey Bakulin 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(3):711-723
Statics are an effective approach to correct for complex velocity variations in the near surface, but so far, to a large extent, a general and robust automatic static correction method is still lacking. In this paper, we propose a novel two‐phase automatic static correction method, which is capable of handling both primary wave statics (PP statics) and converted‐wave statics (S‐wave statics). Our method is purely data driven, and it aims at maximizing stacking power in the target zone of the stack image. Low‐frequency components of the data are analysed first using an advanced genetic algorithm to estimate seed statics and the time structure for an event of interest, and then the original full‐band data are further aligned via the back‐and‐forth coordinate descent method using the seed statics as initial values and the time structure for event alignment guidance. We apply our new method to two field datasets, i.e., one for 2D PP static correction and the other for 3D S‐wave static correction. 相似文献
14.
At present, near-surface shear wave velocities are mainly calculated through Rayleigh wave dispersion-curve inversions in engineering surface investigations, but the required calculations pose a highly nonlinear global optimization problem. In order to alleviate the risk of falling into a local optimal solution, this paper introduces a new global optimization method, the shuffle frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA), into the Rayleigh wave dispersion-curve inversion process. SFLA is a swarm-intelligence-based algorithm that simulates a group of frogs searching for food. It uses a few parameters, achieves rapid convergence, and is capability of effective global searching. In order to test the reliability and calculation performance of SFLA, noise-free and noisy synthetic datasets were inverted. We conducted a comparative analysis with other established algorithms using the noise-free dataset, and then tested the ability of SFLA to cope with data noise. Finally, we inverted a real-world example to examine the applicability of SFLA. Results from both synthetic and field data demonstrated the effectiveness of SFLA in the interpretation of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves. We found that SFLA is superior to the established methods in terms of both reliability and computational efficiency, so it offers great potential to improve our ability to solve geophysical inversion problems. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
18.
Structural physical parameter identification based on evolutionary-simplex algorithm and structural dynamic response 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Evolutionary computation based on the idea of biologic evolution is one type of global optimization algorithm that uses self-adaptation, self-organization and random searching to solve optimization problems. The evolutionary-simplex algorithm is introduced in this paper. It contains floating encoding which combines the evolutionary computation and the simplex algorithm to ovcrcomc the problems encountered in the genetic algorithm and evolutionary strategy methods.Numerical cxpcrimcnts arc performed using seven typical functions to verify the algorithm. An inverse analysis method to identify structural physical parameters based on incomplete dynamic responses obtained from the analysis in the time domain is prcscntcd by using the evolutionary-simplex algorithm. The modal evolutionary-simplex algorithm converted from the time domain to the modal domain is proposed to improve the inverse efficiency. Numerical calculations for a 50-DOF system show that whcn compared with other methods, the evolutionary-simplex algorithm offers advantages of high precision,cfficient searching ability, strong ability to resist noise, independence of initial value, and good adaptation to incomplete information conditions. 相似文献
19.
Linearized residual statics estimation will often fail when large static corrections are needed. Cycle skipping may easily occur and the consequence may be that the solution is trapped in a local maximum of the stack-power function. In order to find the global solution, Monte Carlo optimization in terms of simulated annealing has been applied in the stack-power maximization technique. However, a major problem when using simulated annealing is to determine a critical parameter known as the temperature. An efficient solution to this difficulty was provided by Nulton and Salamon (1988) and Andresen et al. (1988), who used statistical information about the problem, acquired during the optimization itself, to compute near optimal annealing schedules. Although theoretically solved, the problem of finding the Nulton–Salamon temperature schedule often referred to as the schedule at constant thermodynamic speed, may itself be computationally heavy. Many extra iterations are needed to establish the schedule. For an important geophysical inverse problem, the residual statics problem of reflection seismology, we suggest a strategy to avoid the many extra iterations. Based on an analysis of a few residual statics problems we compute approximations to Nulton–Salamon schedules for almost arbitrary residual statics problems. The performance of the approximated schedules is evaluated on synthetic and real data. 相似文献