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1.
Introduction Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is a great break in processing nonlinear and non-stationary data and can be successfully used in many science domains. There are mainly two parts in this method. The first part is to decompose the original data into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD). IMF components are derived from the original data directly according to the local characteristics in the data under some rules, so that IMF are poste…  相似文献   

2.
The strength and architecture of roots and other below-ground organs of riparian and aquatic plants affect plant resistance to uprooting and contribute to reinforcing river bank, bar and bed materials. Therefore, root properties are an important element in models for estimating river bank stability and such models may focus on the role of plants by using root strength–diameter relationships for the particular plant species that are present. Here we explore the degree to which there appear to be significant differences in strength–diameter relationships between and within species-specific data sets obtained for two riparian tree/shrub (Populus nigra, Salix alba) and two emergent aquatic macrophyte (Sparganium erectum, Phalaris arundinacea) species in different European river environments. While the analysed data sets were not specifically collected to answer these research questions, the results are sufficiently compelling to make the case for the collection of a more comprehensive data set and its rigorous analysis. This would allow recommendations to be made on the degree to which (i) species-specific or more general relationships between root/rhizome strength and diameter are appropriate, (ii) such relationships are applicable within and between rivers in different geographical regions and subject to different local environmental conditions, and (iii) further (minimalist) field observations are needed to calibrate such relationships for investigations of new locales or species. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

3.
Crustal movement and deformation in Taiwan and its coastal area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Introduction Both Taiwan Island and Chinese mainland belong to Eurasian plate in geological structure. And the nearest distance between Taiwan Island and Fujian Province, which is located on the opposite coast, is only 130 km. Although there are high-precision GPS networks in both Taiwan and Fujian Province, joint GPS measurement cannot be made directly because of the inconvenient contact due to the strait between them. However, the GPS networks arranged on b…  相似文献   

4.
（黄培华）（苏维加）（陈金波）ＳｅｉｓｍｉｃｉｔｙａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｉｎＯｋｉｎａｗａＴｒｏｕｇｈａｎｄＲｙｕｋｙｕｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ￥Ｐｅｉ－ＨｕａＨＵＡＮＧ；Ｗｅｉ－ｊｉａＳＵａｎｄＪｉｎ－ＢｏＣＨＥＮ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥａｒｔｈａ...  相似文献   

5.
Introduction Rayleigh wave is a kind of seismic wave propagating along the surface of the Earth, its propagation speed depends chiefly on the S-wave velocity structure of the Earth. Rayleigh wave energy of different periods concentrated in different depth ranges. The layered structure of the Earth causes the phenomenon of dispersion of surface waves, that is, surface waves of different periods are propagated with different speeds. By measuring the dispersion curves of surface waves the S-wav…  相似文献   

6.
Introduction When the distribution of a cluster of earthquakes is concentrated, distance between hypocen-ters is much smaller than the event-station distance and than the scale length of the velocity het-erogeneity in the hypocenter region; in this case, the ray path from each hypocenter to a common station will be almost the same. The relative location method can be applied to accurate location of the cluster in the above case. In this approach, the relative location is calculated with the ar…  相似文献   

7.
In this paper, we make a comparative analysis and correlation test for the seismic activities in the South Japan and the Ludong-Huanghai block (a secondary tectonic unit in the North China) and approach the relationship between the energy release processes of these two areas by using co-integration analysis and Granger causality test for the time series of random variables. The results show that the seismic activities in these two areas are correlative and synchronous to a certain extent, and their release series of cumulative strain energy are contemporaneously cor-relative. Both energy series are first-order difference stationary processes and there is secular and steady co-integration between them. We make a positive analysis on the first-order difference energy series through Granger causality test based on vector error correction (VEC) model and find there is unilateral Granger causality and prominent co-integration between the two energy release processes.  相似文献   

8.
Using pure S wave fitting method, we studied the shear wave velocity structures under the Ordos block and its eastern and southern marginal areas. The results show that the velocity structure beneath Yulin station in the interior of Ordos block is relatively stable, where no apparent change between high and low velocity layers exists and the shear wave velocity increases steadily with the depth. There is a 12km thick layer at the depth of 25km under this station, with an S wave velocity (Vs=3.90km/s) lower than that at the same depth in its eastern and southern areas (Vs≥4.00km/s). The crust under the eastern margin of Ordos block is thicker than that of the Yulin station, and the velocity structures alternate between the high and low velocity layers, with more low velocity layers. It has the same characteristic as having a 10km-thick low velocity layer (Vs=3.80km/s) in the lower crust but buried at a depth of aout 35km. Moreover, we studied the Vp/Vs ratio under each station in combination with the result of P wave velocity inversion. The results show that, the average velocity ratio of the Yulin station at the interior of Ordos block is only 1.68, with a very low ratio (about 1.60) in the upper crust and a stable ratio of about 1.73 in the mid and lower crust, which indicates the media under this station is homogenous and stable, being in a state of rigidity. But at the stations in the eastern and southern margins of the Ordos block, several layers of high velocity ratio (about 1.80) have been found, in which the average velocity ratio under Kelan and Lishi stations at the eastern margin is systemically higher than that of the general elastical body waves (1.732). This reflects that the crust under the marginal areas is more active relatively, and other materials may exist in these layers. Finally, we discussed the relationship among earthquakes, velocity structures beneath stations and faults.  相似文献   

9.
In this paper, a new concept called numerical structure of seismic data is introduced and the difference between numerical structure and numerical value of seismic data is explained. Our study shows that the numerical seismic structure is closely related to oil and gas-bearing reservoir,so it is very useful for a geologist or a geophysicist to precisely interpret the oil-bearing layers from the seismic data. This technology can be applied to any exploration or production stage. The new method has been tested on a series of exploratory or development wells and proved to be reliable in China. Hydrocarbon-detection with this new method for 39 exploration wells on 25 structures indicates a success ratio of over 80 percent. The new method of hydrocarbon prediction can be applied for: (1) depositional environment of reservoirs with marine facies, delta, or non-marine facies (including fluvial facies, lacustrine facies); (2) sedimentary rocks of reservoirs that are non-marine clastic rocks and carbonate rock; and (3) burial depths range from 300 m to 7000 m, and the minimum thickness of these reservoirs is over 8 m (main frequency is about 50 Hz).  相似文献   

10.
ＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＵＬＦａｎｄＶＬＦｓｅｉｓｍｏ－ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎＪＩＡ－ＺＨＩＹＵＡＮ（袁家治）；ＫｏｚｏＴａｋａｈａｓｈｉ；ＳＨＵ－ＱＩＮＧＱＩＡＮ（钱书清），ＹｏｋｉｏＦｕｊｉｎａｗ...  相似文献   

11.
Geology and Exploration of Oil and Gas in the Ordos Basin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The Ordos basin is rich in oil and gas resources. The structures in the basin are generally rather gentle. Most of the oil and gas pools already found are belong to the types of lithologic, lithostratigraphic and paleo-geomorphic with thin reservoirs. The geology of oil and gas and the generation and distribution of oil and gas resources in the Ordos basin is analyzed in detail in the paper. It is also pointed out in the paper that what direction should be taken in oil and gas exploration in the basin, and that the important role of the seismic prospecting technologies in the discovery of large oil and gas fields in the basin could not be replaced.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
Monthly data of Self-Calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from 1951 to 2000 are calculated using historical precipitation and temperature data for Chinese 160 stations. Temporal and spatial pat-terns of the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of the PDSI reveals a fairly linear trend resulting from trends in precipitation and surface temperature, which is similar to the linear PDSI trend during 1951―2000 calculated using all monthly data. The EOF analysis also reveals that the leading mode correlates significantly with ENSO events in time and space. The ENSO EOF shows that during the typical warm phase of ENSO, surface conditions are drier in most regions of China, especially North China, but wetter than normal in the southern regions of Changjiang River, and Northwest China. During the typical cold phase of ENSO, these anomalies reverse sign. From 1951 to 2000, there are large multi-year to decadal variations in droughts and wet spells over China, which are all closely related to strong El Nio events. In other words, when one strong El Nio event happens, there is a possible big variability in droughts and wet spells over China on the multi-year or decadal scale. Studies also sug-gest that during the last 2―3 decades climate changes over China, especially North China's drying and northwest China's wetting, are closely related to the shift in ENSO towards warmer events and global warming since the late 1970s. The instability of the relationship is also studied. It is revealed that there is a good correlation between ENSO and Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells in the 3―8-year band, but the correlation between ENSO and Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells is instable. Studies suggest that there are decadal changes in the correlation: the wavelet coherency between ENSO and Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells is high during 1951―1962 and 1976―1991, but low during 1963―1975 and 1992―2000.  相似文献   

14.
ＳｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄＰｏｉｓｓｏｎａｎｄｒｅｎｅｗａｌｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｈａｚａｒｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓＨａｎ－ＹａｏＣＨＥＮ（陈汉尧）ａｎｄＹｕ－ＸｉａｎＨＵ（胡聿贤）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓ...  相似文献   

15.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):781-792
Abstract

Groundwaters of known age contained in major aquifer systems in the African sedimentary basins enable low-resolution (±1000 year) characteristics of past climates to be determined, specifically palaeo-temperature, air mass origins, humid/arid transitions and rainfall intensity. Results from both northern and southern Africa indicate the predominance of a westerly Atlantic air flow during the Late Pleistocene. Greater aridity during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is recorded over most of northern Africa by the absence of dated groundwaters. An intensification of the African monsoon during the Early Holocene is apparent from isotopically light groundwaters found, in particular, over Sudan. Maximum cooling around the LGM of 5–7°C is recorded in the noble gas recharge temperatures from Africa. Modern recharge can be readily identified from the chemical and isotopic signatures (Cl, δ18O and 3H) in the unsaturated zone and in shallow groundwaters. The results indicate the non-renewability of many groundwater sources now being exploited across the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa. Extreme events in the past, noted from the groundwater record, may have lessons and implications for adapting to future climate change. Small but finite amounts of renewable groundwater may be estimated using chloride mass balance and other tracer techniques. These renewable waters form the basis of sustainable development in areas such as the Sahel. Based on the field evidence of water scarcity, new approaches are needed in management and education to adapt to the current limited resources in the face of changing climates.  相似文献   

16.
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17.
Fogang granitic batholith, the largest Late Mesozoic batholith in the Nanling region, has an exposure area of ca. 6000 km2. Wushi diorite-hornblende gabbro body is situated at the northeast part of the ba- tholith. Both the granitic batholith main body and the diorite-hornblende gabbro body belong to high-K calc alkaline series. Compared with the granitic main body, the Wushi body has lower Si (49%―55%), higher Fe, Mg, Ca, lower REE, less depletion of Eu, Ba, P, Ti, and obvious depletion of Zr, Hf. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating and the mineral-whole rock isochron dating reveal that Fogang granitic main body and Wushi body were generated simultaneously at ca. 160 Ma. The Fogang granitic main body has high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.70871―0.71570) and low εNd(t) values (?5.11―?8.93), suggesting the origins of the granitic rocks from crustal materials. Their Nd two-stage model ages range from 1.37―1.68 Ga. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions and the Nd model ages of the granitic rocks may suggest that the giant Fogang granitic main body was generated from a heterogeneous source, with participation of mantle component. Wushi diorite-hornblende gabbro is an unusual intermediate-basic magmatic rock series, with high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.71256―0.71318) and low εNd(t) values (?7.32―?7.92), which was possibly formed through mixing between the mantle-derived juvenile basaltic magma and the magma produced by the dehydration melting of lower crustal basaltic rocks.  相似文献   

18.
ＥｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｍａｇｎｉｔｕｄｅａｎｄｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅｏｆｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｓｏｕｒｃｅａｒｅａａｎｄｔｈｅｅｓｔｉｍａｔｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄＭｅｎｇ－ＴｔａｎＧＡＯ（高孟潭）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇ...  相似文献   

19.
INTRODUCTIONThe structural mine earthquake in coal mines refers to the quake induced by excavationengineeringthatleadstorupturingor change of geological structure and weakness surfaceintheinteriorof rock mass.According to the origin,mine earthquakes can b…  相似文献   

20.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｆｏｃｕｓｄｅｐｔｈｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｍｏｓｔａｔ ｔｅｎｔｉｖｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ.Ｐｒｏｆ.ＦｕＺｈｅｎｇｘｉａｎｇ (1 996)ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｆｏｃｕｓｄｅｐｔｈｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕ ｔｉｏｎｏｆａｆｔｅｒｓｈｏｃｋｓ ,ｃｒｕｓｔａｌｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｌａｙｅｒｓａｎｄｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｆｌｏｗ .Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｆｏｃｕ…  相似文献   

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