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本文以5·12汶川地震后绵竹市某砖混结构住宅为典型调查研究对象,介绍了震后多层砌体结构房屋的常见震害现象和一般震害规律,结合有关规范分析了一般受损建筑不同的抗震鉴定方法和手段,对比分析了各种抗震加固措施的加固效果与适用条件,较为全面地总结了一般多层砌体结构从震害调查到鉴定加固的方法和程序,为灾后砌体结构的抗震加固设计提... 相似文献
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利用汶川8.0级地震特大发生后作者在极重灾区——四川省广元市青川县参加首批房屋应急评估工作期间收集的房屋震害资料,分析了砌体结构的震害特点和震害原因,对提高中小学砌体建筑抗震能力进行研究,从概念设计与计算分析两个方面对现行抗震设计规范的若干条文进行了讨论,提出了验算砌体结构抗倒塌能力的建议。 相似文献
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基于2013年4月20日四川芦山MS7.0地震灾区的房屋建筑震害调查资料, 初步分析了这次地震中建筑结构的震害特征. 结合典型建筑结构震害案例, 从抗震概念设计和抗震构造措施的角度对震害机理进行了探讨, 总结了结构抗震设计方面的经验和教训并给出了相关的建议. 分析表明, 农村自建的砖木和土木结构房屋的抗震能力普遍较差; 砖混结构和砌体-框架混合结构的抗震性能需要严格的抗震构造措施给予保证, 包括合理设置钢筋混凝土构造柱和圈梁, 合理设置承重墙的数量以及承重墙上开洞的数量和位置; 由于鞭梢效应造成的突出屋顶的楼梯间和加层的破坏需引起重视. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(2)
康定县地处我国四川西北部,藏族人口约占70%,康定地区抗震设防烈度为IX度。该地区有大量的藏式片石房屋、穿斗木结构,同时,有砌体房屋和框架(剪)房屋。在四川康定6.3级地震中不同结构类型房屋破坏程度差异巨大。通过对震区3个区域17个居民点的调查,本文统计了震区不同结构类型房屋的比例及分布,并对各种结构类型建筑的构造方式、造价、震害特点以及平均震害指数进行调查和统计分析。结果表明,藏式居民因地理条件所限就地取材,多采用片石和木构架混合承重的片石结构的抗震性能较差,在不同烈度区都有程度不同的震害。穿斗木结构、设防砌体结构和框架(剪)结构在此次地震中表现出了良好的抗震性能。本文在分析不同建筑震害特点的同时对今后藏式房屋的建造方式给出了初步建议。 相似文献
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砌体结构房屋是存在于我国的一种量大面广的结构.针对一个地区砌体结构开展结构地震易损性分析,有利于把握该地区砌体结构整体抗震性能,对于该地区防震减灾工作的开展有着重要的指导意义.该研究收集整理了2001年到2010年10年间发生于云南地区地震的震后砌体结构震害资料,并对震后统计得到的震害矩阵进行分析,发现云南农村地区砌体结构的抗震性能与所在地区的抗震设防标准相关性小,而城区砌体结构与所在地区抗震设防标准相关性较强;由于所收集的资料中缺乏Ⅸ、Ⅹ烈度区的震害资料,从而给出了云南农村和城区不完备的砌体结构经验震害矩阵;进一步采用贝塔概率密度分布函数来拟合震害指数的分布,并根据标准震害矩阵和某一烈度下建筑物已知的震害分布得出其他烈度下的震害分布,最后给出了云南农村和城区砌体结构震害矩阵和易损性曲线.该研究可为云南地区的防震减灾规划、地震灾害预测提供参考. 相似文献
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四川芦山7.0级强烈地震影响区域内有大量的砌体结构房屋,既有未采取任何抗震构造措施的非约束砌体结构,也有设置了圈梁和构造柱的约束砌体结构.文中首先简要讨论了本次地震强震动特性,表明其高频成分丰富,反应谱中低频部分衰减较快,是刚性结构和柔性结构地震破坏表现差别较大的原因之一;继而论文重点以现场震害调查资料为基础,总结了不同烈度区、不同类型砌体结构的震害特征;高烈度区不同类型砌体结构的震害程度和破坏比对比表明,约束砌体结构的抗震性能明显优于非约束砌体结构. 相似文献
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以云南省破坏性地震中砌体结构房屋的典型震害实例,分析、总结了影响砌体结构抗震性能的措施和经验。针对按现行抗震规范设防后仍要遭受巨大经济损失这一事实,作试图从抗震设计规范的基本理念上分析引起破坏的原因,从而指出研究结构性能设计理论的必要性。 相似文献
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砌体结构在2008汶川大地震中的震害经验 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
本文首先列举了砌体结构在2008汶川大地震中的典型震害现象,通过这些现象分析了此次地震中砌体结构的震害特点,归纳了其震害规律和教训,总结了必须坚持的抗震原则及对今后砌体结构抗震设计的启示,同时,探讨了几个应该注意的重点抗震问题,提出了进一步加强砌体结构抗震性能的建议。文中指出,砌体结构只要坚持正确的抗震理念,加强构造措施,落实抗震规范的设计要求,保证施工质量,就能达到相应的抗震设防目标。 相似文献
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Building damage in Dujiangyan during Wenchuan Earthquake 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A field damage survey of 1,005 buildings damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Dujiangyan City was carried out and the resulting data was analyzed using the statistical method. It is shown that buildings that were seismically designed achieved the desired seismic fortification target; they sustained less damage than the non-seismically designed buildings. Among the seismically designed buildings investigated, RC frame buildings performed the best in terms of seismic resistance. Masonry buildings with a ground story of RC frame structure were the second best, and masonry buildings performed the worst. Considering building height, multistory buildings sustained more severe damage than high-rise buildings and 2- and 3-story buildings. Compared to residential buildings, public buildings, such as schools and hospitals, suffered more severe damage. 相似文献
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以往基于模态增量动力方法对公共建筑进行抗地震倒塌能力评估时是单纯地从总体角度进行考察的,其得到的结果较为粗糙,无法准确反映出公共建筑的抗地震倒塌能力,导致其经济效益较差。提出新的公共建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力优化评估方法以分析公共建筑整体的抗地震倒塌能力,总结出其与子结构以及构件三者间的关系,进而研究构件的损毁情况,以实现对建筑抗地震倒塌能力的整体评估。基于公共建筑的倒塌破坏区间,采用其结构抗震倒塌能力评估方法,对公共建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力实施优化评估分析,得到其具体破坏指数,实现对其进行准确评估。实验结果说明,所提方法可准确描述公共建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力,提高建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力和经济效益。 相似文献
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The Himalayan region is one of the major seismic areas in the world. However, similar to many other seismically active locations, there are substantial numbers of unreinforced masonry(URM) buildings; the majority of which have not been designed for seismic loads. Past seismic events have shown that such buildings are highly vulnerable to earthquakes. Retrofitting of these URM buildings is an important concern in earthquake mitigation programs. Most government school buildings in rural areas of northern India are constructed of unreinforced masonry. These school buildings are socially important structures and serve as a crucial resource for rehabilitation during any disaster. The effectiveness of ferrocement(FC) to create a URM-FC composite is described in this study by estimating the performance and fragility of a URM school building before and after a retrofit. Analytical models, based on the equivalent frame method, are developed and used for nonlinear static analysis to estimate the enhancement in capacity. The capacity enhancement due to retrofitting is presented in terms of the maximum PGA sustained and damage probabilities at the expected level of earthquake hazard. 相似文献
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A comprehensive parametric study on the inelastic seismic response of seismically isolated RC frame buildings, designed for gravity loads only, is presented. Four building prototypes, with 23 m × 10 m floor plan dimensions and number of storeys ranging from 2 to 8, are considered. All the buildings present internal resistant frames in one direction only, identified as the strong direction of the building. In the orthogonal weak direction, the buildings present outer resistant frames only, with infilled masonry panels. This structural configuration is typical of many existing RC buildings, realized in Italy and other European countries in the 60s and 70s. The parametric study is based on the results of extensive nonlinear response‐time history analyses of 2‐DOF systems, using a set of seven artificial and natural seismic ground motions. In the parametric study, buildings with strength ratio (Fy/W) ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 and post‐yield stiffness ratio ranging from 0% to 6% are examined. Three different types of isolation systems are considered, that is, high damping rubber bearings, lead rubber bearings and friction pendulum bearings. The isolation systems have been designed accepting the occurrence of plastic hinges in the superstructure during the design earthquake. The nonlinear response‐time history analyses results show that structures with seismic isolation experience fewer inelastic cycles compared with fixed‐base structures. As a consequence, although limited plastic deformations can be accepted, the collapse limit state of seismically isolated structures should be based on the lateral capacity of the superstructure without significant reliance on its inherent hysteretic damping or ductility capacity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《地震研究进展（英文）》2023,3(1):100180
The report summarizes the observed damage to a variety of buildings near the epicenter of the M6.8 Luding earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. They include base-isolated buildings, multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, and masonry buildings. The near-field region is known to be tectonically highly active, and the local intensity level is the highest, that is, 0.4g peak ground acceleration (PGA) for the design basis earthquake, in the Chinese zonation of seismic ground motion parameters. The extent of damage ranged from the weak-story collapse that claimed lives to the extensive nonstructural damage that suspended occupancy. The report highlights the first observation of the destruction of rubber bearings and viscous dampers in the isolation layer of Chinese seismically isolated buildings. It also features the rare observation of the brittle shear failure of RC columns in moment-resisting frames in a region of such a high seismic design requirement. Possible reasons that may have attributed to the reported damage are suggested by providing facts observed in the field. However, careful forensic analyses are needed before any conclusive judgment can be made. 相似文献
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For the public welfare and safety, buildings such as hospitals, industrial facilities, and technology centers need to remain
functional at all times; even during and after major earthquakes. The values of these buildings themselves may be insignificant
when compared to the cost of loss of operations and business continuity. Seismic isolation aims to protect both the integrity
and the contents of a structure. Since the tolerable acceleration levels are relatively low for continued services of vibration-sensitive
high-tech contents, a better understanding of acceleration response behaviors of seismically isolated buildings is necessary.
In an effort to shed light to this issue, following are investigated via bi-directional time history analyses of seismically
isolated benchmark buildings subject to historical earthquakes: (i) the distribution of peak floor accelerations of seismically
isolated buildings subject to seismic excitations in order to find out which floors are likely to sustain the largest accelerations;
(ii) the influence of equivalent linear modeling of isolation systems on the floor accelerations in order to find out the
range of possible errors introduced by this type of modeling; (iii) the role of superstructure damping in reducing floor accelerations
of seismically isolated buildings with flexible superstructures in order to find out whether increasing the superstructure
damping helps reducing floor accelerations notably. Influences of isolation system characteristics and superstructure flexibility
are both taken into account. 相似文献
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2021年5月21日云南漾濞发生6.4级地震,成为继2014年6.5级鲁甸地震和6.6级景谷地震之后云南省内时隔7年的又一次震级大于6级的破坏性地震。漾濞地震虽然与鲁甸地震在震级、震源深度和震源机制等方面均较相似,但漾濞地震震中附近的地面运动强度远不及鲁甸地震,且漾濞县的抗震设防烈度远高于鲁甸;相应地,漾濞地震对抗震设防建筑造成的破坏也远轻于后者。本文首先通过比较这三次地震震中附近的强震记录的反应谱,并结合公共建筑的震后应急评估结果,说明漾濞地震和鲁甸地震中公共建筑破坏程度的显著差异。进而以位于漾濞县城的两栋钢筋混凝土公共建筑为例,介绍此次地震中砌体填充墙和吊顶等典型非结构构件的震害。 相似文献
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Shear building representations of seismically isolated buildings 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Seismic isolation, with its capability of reducing floor accelerations and interstory drifts simultaneously, is recognized
as an earthquake resistant design method that protects contents of a building along with the building itself. In research
studies, superstructures of seismically isolated buildings are commonly modeled as idealized shear buildings. Shear building
representation corresponds to an idealized structure where the beams are infinitely stiff in flexure and axially inextensible;
columns are axially inextensible; and rigid floors are supported on these columns. Although it is more convenient to model
and analyze a shear building, such an idealization may influence the seismic responses of seismically isolated buildings.
This study presents a comparison of the seismic performances of seismically isolated buildings with superstructures modeled
as shear buildings to those with full three dimensional superstructures. Both linear and nonlinear base isolation systems
with different isolation periods and superstructures with different number of stories are considered. 相似文献
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Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - This paper investigates the seismic loss assessment of seismically isolated and non-isolated buildings with steel moment or braced frames, designed by the... 相似文献