共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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主要介绍各种地震定位方法,概述各种地震定位方法的基本原理,重点介绍Geiger的经典方法以及在此基础上建立的各种线性方法:单一地震事件定位法与多个地震事件定位法以及对每一种地震定位方法的应用情况,尤其是国内的应用情况做了总结;同时指出各种方法的特点,并进行相应的比较. 相似文献
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地震定位是地震学基本问题之一,如何提高地震定位精度是地震学研究重点。本文介绍地震定位技术在国内外的研究历史及进展,对目前存在的各种地震定位技术进行分类,概述基本原理及应用。详细介绍盖革经典定位法、双差定位法和微震定位方法中的波形互相关技术和震源扫描算法,并简单介绍微震定位技术在核试验监测及定位上的应用。 相似文献
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地震定位研究及应用综述 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
地震定位是地震学中最经典、最基本的问题之一，提高定位精度也一直是地震学应用研究的重要课题之一。本文就目前各种地震定位方法进行了大体分类并概述了基本原理及其应用，介绍了目前在国内各实时地震观测系统中应用的台网定位方法，同时将部分台网方法应用于黑龙江省绥棱爆破的定位。 相似文献
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检验了用于地震重新定位和消除路径异常偏差的不同算子的性质。现有的3种算法都是以下面的方法为基础：(1)Jordan和Sverdrup(1981)的方法；(2)Got等人(1994)的双差法；(3)Waldhauser和Ellsworth(2001)的改进的双差法。在本文中我们将说明虽然这3种算法在应用于实际时有明显不同，但是它们的数学本质却是相似的。我们的结果是在对每个方法的特性进行深入研究后得出的。无论是Jordan和Sverdrup(1981)的方法还是双差法(GOtetal，1994；Waldhauser and Ellsworth，2001)都在一系列的地震事件中消除了由于平均路径异常造成的定位偏差。但第一种方法中方程加权较理想。在Waldhauser和Ellsworth(2001)的改进的双差法中，与距离有关的加权在不采用阻尼的情况下并没有减少和地震位置相关的路径异常偏差，但是加阻尼会使空间上距离比较远的地震之间的定位问题得不到很好的解决。同样，Jordan和Sverdrup(1981)和Got等(1994)也仅仅是将沿着模型子区的常量偏差消去而并没有解决子区之间的相对定位。这个研究的结果表明，在地震位置发生改变时由于速度不均匀性而造成的路径异常，各种算子由于自身缺陷都是无法克服的。在空间上离得很近的两个地震的情况可以通过相对定位来减少这种偏差的影响，但是当两个地震离得比较远的时候相对定位就不能减少这种影响。 相似文献
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通过利用地震定位中的相对定位法对黑龙江省煤矿记录到的几个主要爆破事件进行精确定位,文中以牡丹江地区发生的爆破为例,详细介绍了定位的计算原理、计算方法和计算结果 ,并且与一般定位法相比较,使其在爆破事件的定位精度上得到提高. 相似文献
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W.Rodi E.R.Engdahl E.A.Bergman F.Waldhauser G.L.Pavlis. H.Israelsson J.W.Dewey M.N.Toks 《世界地震译丛》2004,(6):45-52
多事件定位法联合解决了震群中地震事件震源参数(震源和发震时刻)和台站记录到的地震事件的走时校正。本文阐述了基于网格搜寻技术的新的多事件定位方法。这个算法(称为GMEL)是比较早的单事件定位算法(GSEL)的拓展并且是基于定位问题中的最大似然公式表示。通过对使用线性反演(Geiger)方法的地方使用网格搜寻和根部查找技术，使GMEL适应拾取误差的非高斯模型和高斯模型，而且可以处理像预先理想定位事件的地面真实位置水平这样的先验约束。我们描述了这个算法，并报告了我们取得的成果，即在对多事件定位时，拓展了蒙特卡罗技术来计算事件定位的置信区间，通常它被用在GSEL方法中。这个扩展将会产生置信区间，它们量化了对震相拾取和估计台站校正的不确定性两方面在定位误差上的影响，也就是校准(或模拟)误差。我们比较了GMEL法和4个其他多事件定位法：震源分解法(HDC)、双差法(DD)、累进(progressive)多事件定位法(PMEL)和联合震源确定法(JHD)，给出了检验的初步结果。这个检验应用到了1999年伊兹米特／迪斯杰地震序列的两个毗邻震群上，Engdahl和Bergman(2001)已经用震源分解法进行过分析。我们正在独立地将其他方法应用到他们使用的数据上，力图提高我们对于这些方法间存在的相似和不同以及通常多事件定位方法效果的理解。 相似文献
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改进野外流动地磁测点定位标记的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
野外流动地磁测量的实践及国内外大量的研究成果表明，地磁有可能成为地震预报的重要手段之一。然而，地磁资料的连续性、完整性、准确性和可靠性还存在着一定的问题，为此，我们对目前流磁测点的定位标记现状进行了全面的剖析和研究。结果表明：流磁如果没有严格的定位标记，则给测量资料带来严重的不良后果。为了保持野外流动地磁测点的准确性，改进目前测点的定位标记方法已势在必行。本文提出了具体实施方案，包括：自设定位标记；建立石碑；增设副桩（副点）C；选好辅助定位标记等改进措施。 相似文献
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Back‐projection stacking of P‐ and S‐waves to determine location and focal mechanism of microseismic events recorded by a surface array 
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下载免费PDF全文 We present an automatic method of processing microseismic data acquired at the surface by a star‐like array. The back‐projection approach allows successive determination of the hypocenter position of each event and of its focal mechanisms. One‐component vertical geophone groups and three‐component accelerometers are employed to monitor both P‐ and S‐waves. Hypocenter coordinates are determined in a grid by back‐projection stacking of the short‐time‐average‐to‐long‐time‐average ratio of absolute amplitudes at vertical components and polarization norm derived from horizontal components of the P‐ and S‐waves, respectively. To make the location process more efficient, calculation is started with a coarse grid and zoomed to the optimum hypocenter using an oct‐tree algorithm. The focal mechanism is then determined by stacking the vertical component seismograms corrected for the theoretical P‐wave polarity of the focal mechanism. The mechanism is resolved in the coordinate space of strike, dip, and rake angles. The method is tested on 34 selected events of a dataset of hydraulic fracture monitoring of a shale gas play in North America. It was found that, by including S‐waves, the vertical accuracy of locations improved by a factor of two and is equal to approximately the horizontal location error. A twofold enhancement of horizontal location accuracy is achieved if a denser array of geophone groups is used instead of the sparse array of three‐component seismometers. The determined focal mechanisms are similar to those obtained by other methods applied to the same dataset. 相似文献
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地震破裂方向性参数包含了断层几何形态、破裂长度等信息,对于地震灾害评估、孕震机理研究具有重要意义.但是基于点源近似的震源矩中心张量机制解(CMT)或断层面解(fault plane solution)只能给出两个节面,无法确定破裂断层面.本文提出一种基于质心与起始震中的差异确定发震断层的方法,该方法利用P波到时来测定主震与参考地震间相对起始震中,同时利用波形反演震源机制过程中的主震时移与参考地震时移之差测定相对质心震中,在假定单侧破裂的情形下,根据时移之差随方位角的变化推断破裂断层面.本文使用该方法研究了2008年云南盈江MS6.0走滑型地震,发现其破裂方向与其他方法结果一致.由于该方法基于相对起始震中和质心震中,可有效削弱速度结构模型不准确以及地震绝对位置误差带来的影响,应可适用于其他类似类型6级左右地震的破裂方向性研究,但仍需进一步工作对其进行验证. 相似文献
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The conventional intersection method for earthquake location in isotropic media is developed in the case of transversely isotropic
media with a tilted symmetry axis (TTI media). The hypocenter is determined using its loci, which are calculated through a
minimum travel time tree algorithm for ray tracing in TTI media. There are no restrictions on the structural complexity of
the model or on the anisotropy strength of the medium. The location method is validated by its application to determine the
hypocenter and origin time of an event in a complex TTI structure, in accordance with four hypotheses or study cases: (a)
accurate model and arrival times, (b) perturbed model with randomly variable elastic parameter, (c) noisy arrival time data,
and (d) incomplete set of observations from the seismic stations. Furthermore, several numerical tests demonstrate that the
orientation of the symmetry axis has a significant effect on the hypocenter location when the seismic anisotropy is not very
weak. Moreover, if the hypocentral determination is based on an isotropic reference model while the real medium is anisotropic,
the resultant location errors can be considerable even though the anisotropy strength does not exceed 6.10%. 相似文献
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地震定位是地震监测与减灾研究重要基础.基于均匀或横向均匀介质模型,利用震源轨迹确定震源位置的交切法具有稳健和效率高的优点,但定位精度较低,特别是震源深度.为提高震源定位精度,我们提出适用于三维复杂速度模型的地震定位交切法.将地壳速度模型由均匀或横向均匀介质模型扩展为三维复杂速度模型;均匀或横向均匀介质模型对应的原假设为球面或双曲面的震源轨迹通过最小走时树射线追踪技术予以确定.确定震源位置的震源轨迹以到时差作为约束条件;将震源定位于震源轨迹交汇最密集的点处,即总的到时差残差(RDT)最小的点处.定位结果的不确定性可通过RDT值较小节点的空间分布予以定性表示.考察了准确速度模型、扰动速度模型、扰动观测到时及地震在台网外等4种情况下改进方法的地震定位效果,结果表明改进的交切法可用于三维复杂速度模型的地震定位;综合利用P波与S波的到时差信息,可明显改善震源位置约束;使用多条震源轨迹进行定位,有助于减少由随机因素导致的定位误差. 相似文献
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传统地震定位方法利用震源轨迹确定震源位置,但基于均匀或横向均匀介质模型必然导致定位误差。为此对传统方法进行改进,发展适用于三维复杂地壳速度模型的地震定位交切法。利用最小走时树射线追踪技术,以离散方式准确计算三维复杂地壳速度模型中的震源轨迹,将震源定位于震源轨迹交汇的密集点。将该方法应用于云南地区地震重定位,得到较高定位精度。 相似文献
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Fast and accurate earthquake location within complex medium using a hybrid globallocal inversion approach 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A novel hybrid approach for earthquake location is proposed which uses a combined coarse global search and fine local inversion with a minimum search routine, plus an examination of the root mean squares (RMS) error distribution. The method exploits the advantages of network ray tracing and robust formulation of the Fréchet derivatives to simultaneously update all possible initial source parameters around most local minima (including the global minimum) in the solution space, and finally to determine the likely global solution. Several synthetic examples involving a 3-D complex velocity model and a challenging source-receiver layout are used to demonstrate the capability of the newly-developed method. This new global-local hybrid solution technique not only incorporates the significant benefits of our recently published hypocenter determination procedure for multiple earthquake parameters, but also offers the attractive features of global optimal searching in the RMS travel time error distribution. Unlike the traditional global search method, for example, the Monte Carlo approach, where millions of tests have to be done to find the final global solution, the new method only conducts a matrix inversion type local search but does it multiple times simultaneously throughout the model volume to seek a global solution. The search is aided by inspection of the RMS error distribution. Benchmark tests against two popular approaches, the direct grid search method and the oct-tree important sampling method, indicate that the hybrid global-local inversion yields comparable location accuracy and is not sensitive to modest level of noise data, but more importantly it offers two-order of magnitude speed-up in computational effort. Such an improvement, combined with high accuracy, make it a promising hypocenter determination scheme in earthquake early warning, tsunami early warning, rapid hazard assessment and emergency response after strong earthquake occurrence. 相似文献
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为了尽快定位地震,在“着未着”定位算法基础上,尝试引入三维地壳模型,构建具有三维空间格点分布的走时表.根据已触发台站的到时和未触发台站的位置信息设计概率分布函数,通过八叉树搜索方法,快速给出震源在三维空间的可能位置.使用波前追踪算法,计算中国几个地区三维地壳模型的走时网格,利用中国地震台网资料,对区域内发生的地震进行定位分析.结果显示,在一定的台网密度条件下,三维实时定位方法能在震后数秒给出震源位置,可满足地震预警要求. 相似文献
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Relocation of hypocenters from DOMERAPI and BMKG networks: a preliminary result from DOMERAPI project 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Mohamad Ramdhan Sri Widiyantoro Andri Dian Nugraha Jean-Philippe Métaxian Asep Saepuloh Said Kristyawan Andry Syaly Sembiring Agus Budi Santoso Antoine Laurin Ahmad Ali Fahmi 《地震科学（英文版）》2017,30(2):67-79
Merapi volcano located in central Java, Indonesia, is one of the most active stratovolcanoes in the world. Many Earth scientists have conducted studies on this volcano using various methods. The geological features around Merapi are very attractive to be investigated because they have been formed by a complex tectonic process and volcanic activities since tens of millions of years ago. The southern mountain range, Kendeng basin and Opak active fault located around the study area resulted from these processes. DOMERAPI project was conducted to understand deep magma sources of the Merapi volcano comprehensively. The DOMERAPI network was running from October 2013 to mid-April 2015 by deploying 46 broad-band seismometers around the volcano. Several steps, i.e., earthquake event identification, arrival time picking of P and S waves, hypocenter determination and hypocenter relocation, were carried out in this study. We used Geiger’s method (Geiger 1912) for hypocenter determination and double-difference method for hypocenter relocation. The relocation result will be used to carry out seismic tomographic imaging of structures beneath the Merapi volcano and its surroundings. For the hypocenter determination, the DOMERAPI data were processed simultaneously with those from the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) seismic network in order to minimize the azimuthal gap. We found that the majority of earthquakes occurred outside the DOMERAPI network. There are 464 and 399 earthquakes obtained before and after hypocenter relocation, respectively. The hypocenter relocation result successfully detects some tectonic features, such as a nearly vertical cluster of events indicating a subduction-related backthrust to the south of central Java and a cluster of events to the east of Opak fault suggesting that the fault has an eastward dip. 相似文献
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Numerical Green’s function method:Application to quantifying ground motion variations of M7 earthquakes 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The concept of "numerical Green’s functions" (NGF or Green’s function database) is developed. The basic idea is: a large seismic fault is divided into subfaults of appropriate size, for which synthetic Green’s functions at the surface (NGF) are calculated and stored. Consequently, ground motions from arbitrary kinematic sources can be simulated, rapidly, for the whole fault or parts of it by superposition. The target fault is a simplified, vertical model of the Newport-Inglewood fault in the Los Angeles basin. This approach and its functionality are illustrated by investigating the variations of ground motions (e.g. peak ground velocity and synthetic seismograms) due to the source complexity. The source complexities are considered with two respects: hypocenter location and slip history. The results show a complex behavior, with dependence of absolute peak ground velocity and their variation on source process directionality, hypocenter location, local structure, and static slip asperity location. We concluded that combining effect due to 3-D structure and finite-source is necessary to quan- tify ground motion characteristics and their variations. Our results will facilitate the earthquake hazard assessment projects. 相似文献