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1.
Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks were collected at 24 sites along the Pontides, N-NE Turkey, for rock magnetic and geochemical studies. Rock magnetic and petrographic methods showed that the lavas are characterized predominantly by titanomagnetites with a mixture of pseudo-single and multi-domain grains, whereas in tephrite single domain titanohematite was dominant. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and the geochemical properties on different volcanic rock types provide important knowledge about the magnetic stability of the rocks. The magnetic properties are interpreted in terms of the composition, concentration, magma generation. Tephrite and phonotephrites with the highest intensities (5200 mA/m) and high magnetic susceptibility values (2585 × 10−5), largest grain sizes and Fe/Ti values, showing minor or no alteration are the most magnetic stable samples in contrast to dacites with the lowest intensity-magnetic susceptibility (520 mA/m − 573 × 10−5) and high alteration degree. The basanite samples show very low NRM (48–165 mA/m) but very high magnetic susceptibility (2906–3100 × 10−5) values suggesting the alteration of Fe-Ti minerals. It is shown that the magnetic properties of the basic to acidic rocks show a systematic variation with magma differentiation and could be related to fractional crystallization. Major and trace elements revealed that the lavas are compatible with complex magma evolution, with mineral phases of olivine+magnetite+clinopyroxene in basic series, amphibole+ +clinopyroxene in intermediate rocks and plagioclase+clinopyroxene+biotite in acidic series.  相似文献   

2.
三门峡盆地晚新生代沉积物磁性载体类型   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文
对三门峡盆地晚新生代沉积岩样品进行岩石磁学研究,通过三轴饱和等温剩磁和剩磁矫顽力实验、交变退磁和热退磁实验及磁化率测定,发现黄土-古土壤、河湖相灰绿层和冲洪积层3种不同岩性的磁载体存在显著差异.即黄土-古土壤以磁铁矿为主,赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿很少;河湖相灰绿色沉积磁性矿物含量较低,主要为赤铁矿和磁铁矿,但磁铁矿较多,此外还有一些不稳定磁性矿物(如针铁矿、菱铁矿等);冲洪积物以磁铁矿和赤铁矿为主,磁铁矿相对较多.  相似文献   

3.
Summary Rock-magnetic characteristics of late Pleistocene loess-paleosol sequences in the Czech Republic show patterns of variation that reflect climate-related depositional and diagenetic processes which acted on the sedimentary profiles. Mass-normalized magnetic susceptibility is high in interglacial and interstadial paleosols, while uniformly low values are measured in unweathered loess horizons. Normalized ferrimagnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization show an enhancement of ultrafine (superparamagnetic, SP) and fine (single-domain, SD, and pseudo-single-domain, PSD) grains in chernozem paleosols correlated with δ18O substages 5c and 5a as well as in the Holocene soil. The parabraunerde paleosol associated with peak interglacial conditions, correlated with δ18O substage 5e, shows evidence of diagenetic loss of fine grained magnetic minerals, although coarse (multidomain, MD) grains appear to be preserved. Low temperature remanence behavior plus high temperature susceptibility measurements of representative samples from each lithologic unit indicate that magnetite and maghemite are the dominant magnetic minerals within the sediments. Variations in concentration-independent rock-magnetic parameters are therefore primarily a function of grain size variations through the profile. It is anticipated that with additional magnetic and non-magnetic sedimentological and geochemical tests, a quantitative rock-magnetic — paleoclimate model can be developed for the central European loess region.  相似文献   

4.
Summary Rock magnetism and magnetostratigraphy of the lower part of the Hadar Formation (Afar, Ethiopia) is presented after analysis of multiple new collection of samples from over 84 horizons. The Hadar Formation is composed of lacustrine, lake margin, fluvial and flood plain sediments and known for important Pliocene vertebrate faunas including Australopithecus afarensis. Hysteresis measurements, thermomagnetic analysis, growth and decay of isothermal remanent magnetisation are used to unravel the complex magnetic mineralogy of the different representative lithologies. Ferrimagnetic minerals of magnetite or titanomagnetite in composition, in the stable pseudo-single domain (PSD) size range are found to be the main carriers of the remanence. In most sites the characteristic remanence was isolated using stepwise thermal demagnetisation. The overall mean direction for about 72 horizons (434 samples) is D=358·6°, I=7° (k=17·9, α95=4°) implying some 14° of inclination shallowing, related to sediment compaction due to the very rapid sedimentation history of the site. Five successive polarity zones (N1-R1-N2-R2-N3) are identified and correlation with the lower Gauss chron of the astronomically calibrated geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) is proposed using the existing40Ar/39Ar ages. This implies the existence of a short normal polarity event (N2), identified on six different sites, within the reversed Mammoth subchron, called the Kada-Hadar event. The age calculated for the Kada-Hadar event, using linear interpolation of the dated horizons, assuming a constant rate of sedimentation is 3.246 Ma and its duration is about 8 kyr.  相似文献   

5.
Dunite samples from a borehole drilled in the platiniferous concentrically-zoned Kondyor Massif are studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). The spectrum profiles, relative intensities I, and volume magnetic susceptibilities κ are analyzed. These values experience strong irregular variations, sometimes by an order of magnitude, in the upper and medium parts of the column, at depths from 100 to 400 m; and the variations decay at greater depths. The magnetic properties of the samples are determined by iron (II) ions in the olivine lattice and by iron (III) ions in the magnetite and pyrrhotite microphases and in the products of breakdown of the solid solution: chromiferous magnetite, chromoferrite, etc. The I and κ values are directly related: κmax = 27.8 × 10−3 SI units, κmin=2.63 × 10−3 SI units, and κmean = 12.7 × 10−3 SI units. The maximum κ values are found in the zones with elevated contents of magnetite and pyrrhotite particles, and the minimum ones, in zones with few medium and small clusters with Fe3+ ions. The uneven distributions of solid solutions and magnetic phases over depths are suggested to be related to the disturbances in the conditions of crystallization.  相似文献   

6.
The paper presents the results of experimental rock-magnetic, paleomagnetic and palynologic study of Paleolithic sediments sampled along two profiles in the Akhshtyrskaya cave, situated in the vicinity of Black Sea shore. In the upper part of profiles, some magnetite was observed; in the middle and lower parts, strongly oxidized non-stoichiometric magnetite and hematite prevail. Thin maghemite covers on the surface of fine magnetite grains are present in the majority of specimens. Natural remanence has one characteristic component (CHRM), mostly of chemical origin, although in few specimens containing magnetite it may be sedimentary. Directions of CHRM obtained by standard paleomagnetic methods revealed anomalous pattern only in layer 3/2, which is slightly older than the overlying layer 3/1 whose age was established as (35±2)×103 years BP by the U-Th method. This suggests that this paleomagnetic anomaly (PMA) can be correlated with Kargapolovo excursion dated on about (45−39)×103 years BP. In the remaining overlying and underlying layers, directions of CHRM are grouped around the present geomagnetic field. Depth distributions of scalar magnetic parameters generally coincide with the lithological division of the profiles. Palynologic study revealed the presence of 22 pollen zones. Five thermomers separated with colder periods were found in the middle and lower parts of profile. The non-magnetite composition of magnetic fraction of the majority of studied sediments — oxidized nonstoichiometric magnetite and hematite — resulted in the lack of correlations between paleoclimatic and scalar magnetic characteristics.  相似文献   

7.
Absolute geomagnetic paleointensity measurements were made on 255 samples from 38 lava flows of the ～1.09 Ga Lake Shore Traps exposed on the Keweenaw Peninsula (Michigan, USA). Samples from the lava flows yield a well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) component within a ～375°C–590°C unblocking temperature range. Detailed rock magnetic analyses indicate that the ChRM is carried by nearly stoichiometric pseudo-single-domain magnetite and/or low-Ti titanomagnetite. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the (titano)magnetite is present in the form of fine intergrowths with ilmenite, formed by oxyexsolution during initial cooling. Paleointensity values were determined using the Thellier double-heating method supplemented by low-temperature demagnetization in order to reduce the effect of magnetic remanence carried by large pseudosingle-domain and multidomain grains. One hundred and two samples from twenty independent cooling units meet our paleointensity reliability criteria and yield consistent paleofield values with a mean value of 26.3 ± 4.7μT, which corresponds to a virtual dipole moment of 5.9 ± 1.1×1022 Am2. The mean and range of paleofield values are similar to those of the recent Earth’s magnetic field and incompatible with a “Proterozoic dipole low”. These results are consistent with a stable compositionally-driven geodynamo operating by the end of Mesoproterozoic.  相似文献   

8.
Iron ore and host rocks have been sampled (90 oriented samples from 19 sites) from the Las Truchas mine, western Mexico. A broad range of magnetic parameters have been studied to characterize the samples: saturation magnetization, Curie temperature, density, susceptibility, remanence intensity, Koenigsberger ratio, and hysteresis parameters. Magnetic properties are controlled by variations in titanomagnetite content, deuteric oxidation, and hydrothermal alteration. Las Truchas deposit formed by contact metasomatism in a Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary sequence intruded by a batholith, and titanomagnetites underwent intermediate degrees of deuteric oxidation. Post-mineralization hydrothermal alteration, evidenced by pyrite, epidote, sericite, and kaolin, seems to be the major event that affected the minerals and magnetic properties. Magnetite grain sizes in iron ores range from 5 to >200 μm, which suggest dominance of multidomain (MD) states. Curie temperatures are 580±5°C, characteristic of magnetite. Hysteresis parameters indicate that most samples have MD magnetite, some samples pseudo-single domain (PSD), and just a few single domain (SD) particles. AF demagnetization and IRM acquisition indicate that NRM and laboratory remanences are carried by MD magnetite in iron ores and PSD–SD magnetite in host rocks. The Koenigsberger ratio falls in a narrow range between 0.1 and 10, indicating the significance of MD and PSD magnetites.  相似文献   

9.
We report normalized AF demagnetization curves of anhysteretic remanences (ARM's) produced by 1-, 10- and 40-Oe steady fields and of saturation isothermal remanence (IRMs) in a suite of dispersed, unannealed magnetite powders with median sizes of 2, 4, 6, 10 and 14 μm (pseudo-single-domain or PSD size range) and 100 μm (multidomain or MD size). Interpreted in the light of the domain structure test first proposed by Lowrie and Fuller [12], the relative stability trend of curves for the 2 μm sample is of single-domain (SD) type, the 1-Oe ARM being most resistant to demagnetization followed by the 10-Oe and 40-Oe ARM's and IRMs. For the 100-μm sample, the trend is exactly reversed and is of MD-type. In the 4–14 μm samples, hitherto undescribed transitional trends between SD-type and MD-type occur. At 6 μm, 1-Oe, 10-Oe and 40-Oe ARM's preserve an SD-type trend but for all AF's > 75 Oe, IRMs is more resistant than any of these remanences. At 10 μm, this trend is unmistakable, and only at 14 μm do the 1-Oe, 10-Oe and 40-Oe ARM curves merge. We conclude (1) that the Lowrie-Fuller test distinguishes between small MD grains enhanced by PSD remanence and large MD grains lacking PSD remanence, rather than between SD and MD structures per se, and (2) that in the PSD transition region from 6 to 14 μm in magnetite, IRMs changes over to MD-type relative stability around 6 μm, whereas 10-Oe and 40-Oe ARM's achieve an MD-type trend around 14 μm, in accord with the predicted field dependence of the PSD threshold size.Our theoretical interpretation assumes that the intrinsic (internal field) coercive force spectra of weak-field and strong-field remanences are identical but that the observed (external field) spectrum is shifted to lower fields as a result of the internal demagnetizing field — NJr of the remanence Jr. The effect is slight for weak-field Jr's but substantial for IRMs. Since all coercivities, high as well as low, are shifted, the result of the Lowrie-Fuller test is determined simply by the shape of the intrinsic coercivity spectrum or the corresponding AF demagnetization curve. Depending on the model of self-demagnetization used, either subexponential or sublinear AF decay curves of weak-field remanence will automatically lead to an MD-type trend, whereas by either model the decay curves that characterize SD and PSD remanences (decaying slowly initially and then more rapidly) will always produce and SD-type trend.  相似文献   

10.
Early in the history of planetary evolution portions of Martian crust became magnetized by dynamo-generated magnetic field. A lateral distribution of the secondary magnetic field generated by crustal remanent sources containing magnetic carriers of certain grain size and mineralogy is able to produce an ambient magnetic field of larger intensity than preexisting dynamo. This ambient field is capable of magnetizing portions of deeper crust that cools through its blocking temperatures in an absence of dynamo. We consider both magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) as minerals contributing to the overall magnetization. Analysis of magnetization of magnetic minerals of various grain size and concentration reveals that magnetite grains less than 0.01 mm in size, and hematite grains larger than 0.01 mm in size can become effective magnetic source capable of magnetizing magnetic minerals contained in surrounding volume. Preexisting crustal remanence (for example ∼250 A/m relates to 25% of multi-domain hematite) can trigger a self-magnetizing process that can continue in the absence of magnetic dynamo and continue strengthening and/or weakening magnetic anomalies on Mars. Thickness of the primary magnetic layer and concentration of magnetic carriers allow specification of the temperature gradient required to trigger a self-magnetization process.  相似文献   

11.
Thermal effects related to burial and hydrothermal alteration leads to chemical remanent magnetization (CRM). We present an experimental study of CRM production by heating claystones at 95 °C. A vertical magnetic field of 2 mT was applied to the claystones during heating and the evolution of the remanence during heating in air is monitored intermittently for up to four months. Solid fragments (9 to 26 g) of claystones are included in a Teflon holder that is placed in the oven under a controlled atmosphere. Newly formed grains acquire a CRM and a thermoviscous magnetization (TVRM), both being parallel to the applied magnetic field. CRM is related to the amount of newly formed grains that pass the critical volume during the reaction. To measure the acquired remanence, the claystones are first cooled in a zero magnetic field and then measured using a 2G SQUID magnetometer.In the frame of the research programme on the feasibility of radioactive waste disposal in a deep geological formation, we investigate the magnetic transformation of Mont Terri Lower Dogger claystones (Switzerland) due to thermal imprinting at 95 °C. We simulate the dehydration that occurs in the walls of galleries after excavation when interstitial water evaporates and rehydration when the galleries are refilled allowing water to move towards dehydrated zones. During dehydration, the remanence gains one order of magnitude at the beginning of the experiment and then it follows a linear rate of 0.23 ± 0.07 mA m− 1/day between 3 and 14 days. The magnetic susceptibility increases by a few percent. The increase of the remanence and of the magnetic susceptibility stops after 15 days. Mass monitoring indicates that interstitial water evaporates when remanence and magnetic susceptibility stabilizes. During rehydration, the remanence increases again whilst magnetic susceptibility drops by a few percent. After 20 days, the remanence during rehydration follows a rate of 0.42 ± 0.15 mA m− 1/day. By contrast, when rehydration takes place later, after 66 days, the rate is much lower (0.09 ± 0.04 mA m− 1/day). Low temperature investigation of magnetic properties indicates an initial magnetic assemblage of magnetite and pyrrhotite. Newly formed magnetite and hematite carry the remanence. We propose that magnetite is formed at the expense of pyrite. Hematite results from the progressive oxidation of newly formed magnetite. Our results suggest the possibility that any claystones that pass the oil window can be remagnetized due to the unique action of temperature.  相似文献   

12.
Pseudotachylytes generally possess stable remanent magnetizations but the processes by which pseudotachylytes are magnetized remain poorly understood. Magnetic hysteresis and scanning electron microscope studies reveal that experimental frictional melting of granites produces dispersed submicron inclusions of weakly interacting pseudo-single-domain (PSD) magnetite, in artificial pseudotachylyte. The magnetite inclusions are absent in the undeformed granite protolith and result from oxidation of Fe in melt-susceptible mafic minerals during the melt-quenched event. The pseudotachylytes acquired a stable thermal remanence in fine-grained PSD magnetites during the rapid cooling of the melt, implying that fine-grained magnetite has the potential for paleointensity determinations of contemporaneous magnetic fields with co-seismic faulting in granitoids.  相似文献   

13.
ARM (anhysteretic remanence)/SIRM (saturation isothermal remanence) and TRM (thermoremanence)/SIRM were measured as a function of the concentration (volume fraction) of single-domain magnetite (3 × 10?6 ? C ? 2 × 10?2), ARM/SIRM increases with decreasing concentration, showing that there is magnetic interaction between fine particles. The role of magnetic interaction in TRM acquisition is also important at higher concentrations of magnetite (C ? 0.1%), where the value of TRM/SIRM increases with decreasing concentration. It is only for concentrations ofC ? 0.1% that the value of TRM/SIRM is fairly constant and interactions among magnetite grains seem to be ignored. The ratio TRM/ARM decreases from seven to almost unity as the concentration of magnetite decreases.  相似文献   

14.
Grain sizes in the range (10−4 to 10−1 mm) are common in some rocks. Because thermal and/or chemical remanent magnetization of hematite in this range approaches intensities of single domain (SD) magnetite, careful exploration of this transition, may serve to develop new applications in rock magnetism that relate to magnetic anomaly source identification, and various paleomagnetic and grain size-dependent investigations.Grain size-dependent magnetic behavior of hematite reveals a SD–multidomain (MD) transition at 0.1 mm. This transition is recognized by variation in magnetic coercivity and susceptibility and is related to an anomaly in remanence recovery when cycling through the Morin transition. The coercivity decrease with increasing grain size occurs much more gradually above 0.1 mm than below this value. Magnetic susceptibility of the grains smaller than 0.1 mm has negligible dependence on the amplitude of the applied alternating magnetic field. For the larger grains a new amplitude-dependent susceptibility component is observed. The grain size of 0.1 mm is also associated with loss of most of the remanence when cycling through the Morin transition. This behavior is ascribed to a transition from the metastable SD to the MD magnetic state. The increase in magnetized volume causes the demagnetizing energy to destabilize the SD state, resulting in a transition where the demagnetizing energy is reduced by nucleation of the domain wall for grains larger than 0.1 mm. The 0.1 mm transition has no significant effect on shape of the temperature-dependent coercivity and saturation magnetization.  相似文献   

15.
Mineral magnetic properties of soils and parent materials have been interpreted in terms of paleoclimate and rates of soil formation but it is important to understand which minerals contribute to the mineral magnetic signal. Citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) treatment has been used to determine the amounts of fine-grained, often pedogenic, ferrimagnetic minerals relative to coarse-grained, often inherited, magnetic minerals. However, questions have been raised about the effect of particle size on the efficacy of CBD in dissolving magnetite and maghemite grains. In this paper we use magnetic susceptibility and its frequency dependence, and the low-temperature behavior of a saturation isothermal remanent magnetization, to track the dissolution of carefully sized magnetite grains. We found that the standard CBD procedure dissolves fine magnetite particles (ca. < 1 μm) but leaves larger particles (ca. > 1 μm) essentially intact. Thin oxidized coatings, presumably maghemite, are also dissolved by the CBD procedure. These results support previous interpretations that the CBD procedure can be used to distinguish between pedogenic and lithogenic magnetic grains, assuming that most pedogenic magnetic grains are sufficiently small (ca. < 1 μm) and most lithogenic magnetic grains are sufficiently large (ca. > 1 μm). These results also show that the standard procedure is too harsh to differentiate between 1 μm grains of magnetite and maghemite. A modified CBD extraction that uses half as much dithionite reduces the magnetic susceptibility of 1 μm magnetite grains by only 10%. This method may be useful in distinguishing between magnetite and maghemite grains in this size range.  相似文献   

16.
The KLY-4S Kappabridge and KLF-4A Magnetic Susceptibility Meter enable automated measurement of susceptibility variation with field in the ranges of 2–450 A/m and 5–300 A/m (in effective values), respectively. Unfortunately, the measurement accuracy decreases with decreasing field and it is not easy to decide whether the susceptibility variation at the lowest fields is natural phenomenon or results from measuring errors. To overcome this problem, the accuracies of both the above instruments were investigated experimentally using artificial specimens (mixture of pure magnetite and plaster of Paris) with variable susceptibilities ranging from 1 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−2. The complete curve of the field variation of susceptibility of each specimen was measured 10 times and the relative error was calculated for each field. In the KLY-4S Kappabridge, in specimens with susceptibilities higher than 100 × 10−6, the relative errors are lower than 3% in all fields and lower than 1% in the fields stronger than 10 A/m. In the KLF-4A Magnetic Susceptibility Meter, in relatively strongly magnetic specimens with susceptibilities 5 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−2, the relative error is less than 1.5% in the entire field range. While the former instrument is convenient for investigating almost all rock types, the latter instrument is convenient for measuring moderately and strongly magnetic specimens. To facilitate work with field variation of susceptibility curves, showing variable accuracies with field, the programme FieldVar was written. One of its options is plotting the measured data with corresponding field-variable error bars. In this way, a tool is offered for interpreting such susceptibility changes that are sound and reasonable from the point of view of measuring accuracy.  相似文献   

17.
巴黎盆地下侏罗统的岩石磁学研究及其意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
通过下佛罗统磁性地层学研究,获得了一些能记录岩石形成时的地磁场的样品,根据常规的古地磁方法,等温剩磁和热退磁实验,说明这些岩石的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿.磁滞回线参数的测量表明多数载磁矿物磁铁矿为假单磁畴,少量样品则可能为假单磁畴与多磁畴的混合物.通过与北美古生代重磁化岩石的磁滞回线参数比值对比,说明重磁化与非重磁化岩五磁滞回线参数比值的分布趋势有明显差别,这一差别可能用于判定岩石的重磁化和非重磁化性质.  相似文献   

18.
巴黎盆地下侏罗统的岩石磁学研究及其意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
通过下佛罗统磁性地层学研究,获得了一些能记录岩石形成时的地磁场的样品,根据常规的古地磁方法,等温剩磁和热退磁实验,说明这些岩石的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿.磁滞回线参数的测量表明多数载磁矿物磁铁矿为假单磁畴,少量样品则可能为假单磁畴与多磁畴的混合物.通过与北美古生代重磁化岩石的磁滞回线参数比值对比,说明重磁化与非重磁化岩五磁滞回线参数比值的分布趋势有明显差别,这一差别可能用于判定岩石的重磁化和非重磁化性质.  相似文献   

19.
Summary Magnetic property variations in marine, lacustrine and loess-paleosol sequences have proved to be useful proxies in climate change studies. However in order to correctly interpret the record of the magnetic property variations it is absolutely necessary to have a good understanding of the cause of the observed variations. Most of the ambiguity in loess-paleosol studies is in distinguishing the role of pedogenesis from other climatic factors. Studying the mineral magnetic properties of the protected cave sediments which have not undergone pedogenesis allows us to determine the degree to which detrital input is climatically driven. These results will help us better understand the variations observed in the surficial loess-paleosol sequences. This study reports mineral magnetic data collected from entrance facies sediments deposited during the early Wurmian glacial stage in the Kůlna Cave. The entrance facies sediments consist of loess-like silts with varying amount of talus. The magnetic susceptibility record from these sediments shows higher values in layers originating in colder climates which is different to that commonly observed in surficial loess deposits. Higher values of magnetic susceptibility in Kůlna sediments are probably due to higher concentrations of ferromagnetic minerals (magnetite and maghemite) and due to an increased proportion of superparamagnetic grains. The magnetic mineralogy and the grainsize distribution (grains larger than superparamagnetic) appear not to change throughout the studied profiles. Higher magnetic susceptibility accompanied by an increase in the superparamagnetic fraction observed in the sediments deposited during colder periods can be explained by an increased input from a pedogenic source when the vegetation cover was reduced and the erosion rate increased.  相似文献   

20.
The pseudo-single-domain (PSD) intensity and stability of thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) in multidomain magnetite grains 0.05–15 μm in size are attributed to residual magnetic moments not removed by demagnetization. Barkhausen discreteness in domain wall positions is a possible source of such moments, but the observed grain size and applied field dependences of TRM in the lower PSD range are more convincingly explained by a new theory (F.D. Stacey and S.K. Banerjee, 1974) in which the moments of domain walls and the surface terminations of domain walls play a central role. The magnitudes of PSD moments and the average number of moments per grain required by this theory are deduced from low-field (0–25 Oe) TRM measurements on magnetite grains of controlled sizes between 0.04 and 0.22 μm. The predicted maximum PSD moment is about equal to the saturation moment in grains ≤ 0.1 μm in size but is only 10% of the saturation moment in 0.22-μm grains. Since blocking temperature and hysteresis data independently suggest two-domain structure in 0.22-μm grains and wall-like domain structure in smaller grains, the predicted PSD moments are quantitatively reasonable.  相似文献   

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