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The profiles of the plasma density in the topside ionosphere, according to the data of sounding on board the Intercosmos-19 satellite, are presented. It is shown that the large-scale fluctuations of the plasma density can be related to the propagation and attenuation of the atmospheric waves (e.g., acoustic gravity waves) in the dynamo region of the ionosphere. In the topside ionosphere, suprathermal particle fluxes can be formed and the plasma density can be modulated at an attenuation of small-scale electrostatic fluctuations of the plasma electron component in plasma pits. Plasma vortices can be formed when polarization fluxes of charged particles escape from regions of heating. The vortex field imparts stability to the inhomogeneous plasma structure, necessary for experimental detection of this structure. 相似文献
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朗缪尔探针是目前国际上广泛应用的一种空间等离子体环境就位探测技术.中国电磁监测试验卫星上搭载的朗缪尔探针,是我国首次将探针技术应用于星载平台.本文基于电磁监测试验卫星朗缪尔探针的观测原理及Irving Langmuir等提出的近似理论公式,针对朗缪尔探针的仪器特点,提出了等离子环境下朗缪尔探针观测数据的简化反演方法,并依据朗缪尔探针鉴定件的等离子体罐试验数据对该方法进行了比较验证.结果表明,该数据反演方法的效果较好,可以作为电磁监测试验卫星朗缪尔探针观测数据反演的基本方法,并为后续数据处理提供技术基础. 相似文献
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目前电离层掩星数据反演是基于电离层电子密度分布局部球对称近似的Abel反演方法,实际电离层的非球对称性会给电子密度反演结果带来误差.本文研究利用三维电离层模式来提供电子密度水平变化的先验信息约束电离层掩星反演的方法,即三维模式约束法;并将该方法应用于模拟掩星观测数据和实测掩星数据的反演.模拟观测数据的反演结果表明,与Abel反演方法相比,三维模式约束法能够减小反演误差.采用IRI2001模式作为约束,对COSMIC电离层掩星实测数据反演,将反演结果与全球的垂测仪数据进行比较,结果表明,三维模式约束法和Abel反演方法都能很好地反演电离层掩星. 相似文献
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The controlled source extremely low frequency (CSELF) electromagnetic method is characterized by extremely long and powerful sources and a huge measurement range. Its electromagnetic field can therefore be affected by the ionosphere and displacement current. Research on 3D forward modeling and inversion of CSELF electromagnetic data is currently in its infancy. This paper makes exploratory attempts to firstly calculate the 1D extremely low frequency electromagnetic field under ionosphere-air-earth coupling circumstances, and secondly analyze the propagation characteristics of the background electromagnetic field. The 3D staggered-grid finite difference scheme for solving for the secondary electric field is adopted and incorporated with the 1D modeling algorithm to complete 3D forward modeling. Considering that surveys can be carried out in the near field and transition zone for lower frequencies, the 3D Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGS) inversion of CSELF electromagnetic data is presented (in which the sources, or primary fields, are included), with the aim of directly inverting the impedance data, regardless of where it is acquired. Derivation of the objective functional gradient is the core component in the inversion. Synthetic tests indicate that the well-chosen approximation to the Hessian can significantly speed up the inversion. The model responses corresponding to the coexistence of conductive and resistive blocks show that the off-diagonal components of tensor impedance are much more sensitive to the resistivity variation than the diagonal components. In comparison with conventional scalar inversion, tensor inversion is superior in the recoveries of electric anomalies and background resistivity. 相似文献
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高频天波返回散射探测作为重要的电离层探测手段,能够实现遥远区域电离层空间上的连续监测,探测获取的返回散射扫频电离图显示了探测频率-群路径-回波能量三者之间的关系.由于电离图包含了探测路径上的电离层状态信息,通过对其反演可以实时获取大面积范围的电离层参数.本文提出了一种基于解空间约束的返回散射前沿反演算法,能够重构电离层水平不均匀结构.针对反演非线性问题,采用Newton-Kontorovich方法进行求解,同时又引入了求解不适定问题的Tikhonov正则化方法,有益于解的稳定性和唯一性.利用模拟数据和实测数据分别对本文建立的算法进行了验证,并与Fridman和Fridman于1994年提出的反演方法进行了对比.结果表明,本文算法反演结果稳定,对返回散射前沿判读误差不敏感,与Fridman和Fridman 1994年方法相比,本文方法对电离层局部精细结构反演更加准确,具有较高的反演精度.本文提出的算法不但能够反演白天和夜间这种电离层较平稳时期的电离层状态,而且对于日出/日落时段等电子浓度分布变化较快情形下的电离层,也有很好的反演效果,表明了该算法在处理复杂多变的实际探测的返回散射电离图中的应用价值. 相似文献
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The inversion of incoherent scatter spectra with a non-Maxwellian electron distribution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bin Xu Zhange Wang Kun Xue Jian Wu Zhensen Wu Jun Wu Yubo Yan 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(5-6):492-497
With the action of powerful, high-frequency (HF) radio waves, the ionosphere plasma will depart from the equilibrium state and the non-Maxwellian distribution function can be produced. An artificial field-aligned irregularities (AFAI) model is introduced to describe the distortion from the normal shape, and the measured data are analyzed with this model during ionosphere heating at a 186-km height on August 15th, 2006. The electron temperature and density deduced from the AFAI model are compared with the results obtained from a standard procedure. The inversion of the electron temperature is evidently affected, and the overestimation is up to 22.9%. Owing to the introduction of the AFAI model, the new irregularities’ parameters can be obtained, which implies that incoherent scatter radar is feasible as a ground-based instrument to diagnose information on irregularities. 相似文献
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由于星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统工作于电离层之上,其信号不可避免地将受到电离层的影响. 背景电离层以及电离层电子密度不规则体多重散射效应可引起距离向图像质量的下降, 在强起伏情况下, 多重散射效应对信号的延迟影响不可忽略. 针对此问题, 本文提出了一种基于SAR回波信号的三频相位自适应TEC反演新方法, 利用反演的结果对电离层的影响进行校正. 给出了校正前后的点目标成像仿真, 结果显示此方法充分考虑了多重散射效应引起的TEC估计误差, 可以有效地补偿电离层对距离向成像的影响, 提高了距离向点目标图像质量. 相似文献
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利用麦克斯韦方程的波形反演方法,能充分利用雷达数据中反映地下介质特性的波形、走时、相位等信息.它要事先已知激发脉冲信号,需从实际资料中提取,但受到诸多因素的影响.本文尝试避免从实际雷达资料提取激发脉冲的方法.首先,借助于一个已知地质模型上的探地雷达系统采集的记录以及给定激发脉冲、给定激发接收天线的正演模拟信号,计算出转换算子.其次,将转换算子作用于实测雷达信号,将其转换成给定激发脉冲激发的、给定激发接收天线采集的信号.最后,用转换后的数据进行波形反演.二维模型数据的转换表明,转换后的数据与正演模拟数据一致,反演结果差异甚小.实验室实测数据的反演结果与实际情况相符. 相似文献
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GPS大气掩星探测技术可以获得全球大气折射率、气压、密度、温度和水汽压等气象参数，该技术基本原理是基于几何光学近似的Abel积分反演.地球扁率、电离层传播时间延迟、大气大尺度水平梯度、多路径传播现象等因素在某些高度范围影响大气反演的精度.本文采用模拟的方法，分析其中地球扁率及电离层对反演结果的影响，并讨论局部圆弧修正及电离层修正的效果.利用CHAMP掩星实测轨道数据和有关电离层和大气经验模式、采用三维射线追踪方法模拟计算几种情形下的GPS掩星观测附加相位数据，对模拟数据进行反演，将反演气象参量剖面与模拟时给定模式剖面进行比较，得到了0～60 km高度范围内的反演误差.误差统计分析结果表明，局部圆弧中心的修正以及电离层修正，对于高精度的GPS掩星反演是非常重要的；电离层修正残差仍是制约30～60 km高度范围内反演精度的重要因素，进一步完善和优化大气掩星反演需要发展新的电离层修正算法. 相似文献
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The computerized ionospheric tomography is a method for imaging the Earth’s ionosphere using a sounding technique and computing the slant total electron content (STEC) values from data of the global positioning system (GPS). The most common approach for ionospheric tomography is the voxel-based model, in which (1) the ionosphere is divided into voxels, (2) the STEC is then measured along (many) satellite signal paths, and finally (3) an inversion procedure is applied to reconstruct the electron density distribution of the ionosphere. In this study, a computationally efficient approach is introduced, which improves the inversion procedure of step 3. Our proposed method combines the empirical orthogonal function and the spherical Slepian base functions to describe the vertical and horizontal distribution of electron density, respectively. Thus, it can be applied on regional and global case studies. Numerical application is demonstrated using the ground-based GPS data over South America. Our results are validated against ionospheric tomography obtained from the constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere, and climate (COSMIC) observations and the global ionosphere map estimated by international centers, as well as by comparison with STEC derived from independent GPS stations. Using the proposed approach, we find that while using 30 GPS measurements in South America, one can achieve comparable accuracy with those from COSMIC data within the reported accuracy (1 × 1011 el/cm3) of the product. Comparisons with real observations of two GPS stations indicate an absolute difference is less than 2 TECU (where 1 total electron content unit, TECU, is 1016 electrons/m2). 相似文献
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在电离层局部地区球对称假设下,推导了利用双频和单频无线电掩星观测数据,反演电离层电子密度剖面的两种方法. 双频反演的误差来自于载波相位的观测误差,单频反演误差则主要由伪距的观测精度决定. 由于载波相位测量精度比伪距测量精度高两个量级,因此双频反演的精度一般比单频反演的高些. 不过,两载波信号L1和L2之间的传播路径差异会给双频方法带来误差. 利用三维射线追踪的程序模拟的无线电掩星数据来评估这些方法,结果表明,反演出的电离层剖面与给定的模式电离层非常吻合,验证了两种方法的可靠性和准确性. 将这两种反演方法应用于处理实测的GPS/MET掩星观测数据,均能获取合理的电离层剖面信息. 且单频方法得到的反演剖面与双频方法相当一致, 这为利用LEO星载单频GPS接收机进行电离层掩星观测提供了理论基础. 相似文献
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Results of studying the ionospheric response to solar flares, obtained based on the incoherent scatter radar observations
of the GPS signals and as a result of the model simulations, are presented. The method, based on the effect of partial “shadowing”
of the atmosphere by the globe, has been used to analyze the GPS data. This method made it possible to estimate the value
of a change in the electron content in the upper ionosphere during the solar flare of July 14, 2000. It has been shown that
a flare can cause a decrease in the electron content at heights of the upper ionosphere (h > 300 km) according to the GPS data. Similar effects in the formation of a negative disturbance in the ionospheric F region
were also observed during the solar flares of May 21 and 23, 1967, at the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar. The mechanism
by which negative disturbances are formed in the upper ionosphere during solar flares has been studied based on the theoretical
model of the ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling. It has been shown that an intense ejection of O+ ions into the above located plasmasphere under the action of a sharp increase in the ion production rate and the thermal
expansion of the ionospheric plasma cause the formation of a negative disturbance in the electron concentration in the upper
ionosphere. 相似文献
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通过大功率ELF/VLF调幅高频波能有效地扰动低电离层,形成等效的ELF/VLF电离层虚拟天线,用来辐射ELF/VLF波,所辐射出的低频信号可以进入中性大气层形成地球-电离层波导.本文基于调制加热模型,采用全波有限元算法计算由人工调制电离层所形成的电偶极矩所辐射出的ELF波在水平分层电离层中的波场,计算结果将与地面观测结果进行比较.模拟结果表明,所辐射出的ELF波在电离层中形成一个窄的准直波束,海面所能接收到的ELF信号强度为pT量级,并且频率越低,海面所接收到的场强就越小,与HAARP实验数据一致.结果还表明,低纬电离层对低频信号的传播衰减较大,并且所能透射出电离层的角度小,因此高纬地区更适合地球-电离层波导的激发. 相似文献
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电离层掩星观测中，当低轨卫星（LEO）轨道高度较低时，轨道以上的电离层电子总含量（TEC）对掩星反演的影响不能忽略.目前，一般采用指数函数等外推方法来处理该问题，对反演结果可能引起较大误差.为提高电离层掩星反演精度，本文研究利用LEO处于非掩星一侧GPS观测数据的改正TEC新反演方法.用三维射线追踪程序计算出电离层掩星观测模拟数据，分别应用改正TEC方法和外推方法进行反演，将反演结果与所用模式值进行比较.结果表明：对于轨道高度约800km的GPS/MET掩星模拟数据，外推方法和改正TEC方法反演结果都与模式值基本一致；对于轨道高度约400km的CHAMP掩星模拟数据，外推方法误差较大，改正TEC方法反演结果与模式值相符得较好.将改正TEC方法应用于GPS/MET实测数据的反演，取得了合理的结果.这些说明，改正TEC算法是一种有效的电离层掩星反演方法，尤其是对于轨道较低的LEO的电离层掩星观测反演特别有用. 相似文献
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K. J. F. Sedgemore P. J. S. Williams G. O. L. Jones J. W. Wright 《Annales Geophysicae》1997,14(12):1403-1412
Incoherent-scatter radar and ionospheric sounding are powerful and complementary techniques in the study of the Earths ionosphere. The work presented here involves the use of the Tromsø Dynasonde as a correlative diagnostic with the EISCAT incoherent-scatter radar. A comparison of electron-density profiles shows how a Dynasonde can be used to calibrate an incoherent-scatter radar and to monitor changes in the system. Sky-maps of the direction of Dynasonde echoes are compared with EISCAT-derived density profiles to illustrate how a Dynasonde can be used to measure the drift velocity of auroral features. Vector velocities fitted to Dynasonde echoes are compared with EISCAT-derived plasma velocities. The results show good agreement when the data are taken during quiet to moderately active conditions and averaged over time scales of 30 min or more. 相似文献
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Radio Tomography: A New Experimental Technique 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
S. E. Pryse 《Surveys in Geophysics》2003,24(1):1-38
The technique of radio tomography has developed during the past fifteen years from a theoretical concept to an established experimental method, used for geophysical investigations ofsolar-terrestrial processes. It also has potential in the mapping and modelling of the ionised atmosphere for application to practical radio systems. The method involves measurement of the electron content of the ionosphere along a large number of intersecting satellite-to-receiver ray paths, with tomographic inversion of the data to give a two-dimensional image of the spatial distribution of plasma density in the region of ray-path intersection. The emphasis in this review is on experimental tomographic observations, which have highlighted the capabilities and potential of the technique. Examples are presented from the equatorial sector where the equatorial anomaly is a significant feature, the mid-latitude sector where radio propagation is often influenced by the presence of the main ionisation trough, and the auroral and polar regions where footprints of solar-terrestrial coupling processes are frequently to be seen. 相似文献
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David C. Booth 《Journal of Seismology》2010,14(2):197-207
A method is presented for deriving 1-D velocity depth models from earthquake bulletin data. The models can be used as initial
models for more advanced modelling techniques such as tomographic inversion. The method is useful when there is little or
no refraction and long-range reflection survey data. The bulletin travel times are subjected to an analysis of variance, where
they are separated into source, distance, and receiving station terms. The distance terms describe the variation of travel
time with distance, and the associated trend lines allow 1-D velocity models for the crustal layers to be determined. The
velocity models provide an average crustal model for the region derived from local data. This does not include superficial
layers which are necessarily poorly determined. Earthquake bulletin P-wave data from propagation paths across three different
regions of the UK are employed to illustrate the use of the technique. 相似文献