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1.
水动力条件是盐湖成盐成矿的必要条件之一.利用研究区各类水体的理化参数(pH、氧化还原电位、电导率和总溶解性固体)、水化学特征、元素比值等参数识别尕斯库勒盐湖成盐元素的来源及水力迁移作用.结果表明:尕斯库勒盐湖成盐元素主要来源于蚀源区岩石风化,其中冰川融水、硅酸盐风化、碳酸盐风化和蒸发盐风化分别占0.04%、0.15%、63.89%和35.92%,在祁漫塔格山前一带,受到深部补给作用.高山区到平原区,水动力条件总体上逐渐降低;而在垂向上随着深度的增大含水层Ⅰ~Ⅱ之间水动力条件逐渐减弱,含水层Ⅲ~Ⅴ之间水动力条件变充足.河流与溢出带水体之间存在局部水流系统,与平原区含水层之间存在区域水流系统.水动力条件和水力联系对元素的迁移和富集具有明显的相关性,二者控制着元素的迁移速度以及元素在空间上的富集规律并影响着水化学类型. 相似文献
2.
中国盐湖自然资源丰富,其中主要是盐类沉积资源和卤水资源。有规模巨大的石盐、芒硝、天然碱等普通盐类,也有发展国民经济所急需的钾盐、镁盐、硝酸盐和硼盐、锂盐以及可供综合开发利用的铷、铯、铀、钍等贵重金属资源。尤其是青藏高原的硼、锂和青海、新疆的钾、镁等,以储量大、品位高而举世闻名。盐湖卤水提锂已有20年左右的发展历史,具有工艺简单、能耗低、成本低等显著优势。国外利用盐湖卤水进行锂盐开发利用的有美国的西尔斯湖、银峰地下卤水、阿根廷的翁布雷穆尔托盐沼和智利阿塔卡玛盐湖等。锂储量大但尚未生产的有美国的大盐湖、前苏联的卡拉博加斯海湾、以色列和约旦的“死海”及玻利维亚的乌尤尼盐沼等。中国是一个锂资源大国,已探明的锂资源工业储量仅次于玻利维亚,约占世界的盐湖锂资源的1/3。中国锂资源主要赋存于盐湖卤水中,卤水锂占79%,仅青海和西藏盐湖卤水锂的远景储量就与世界其他国家已探明的总储量相当。 相似文献
3.
洪泛系统具有复杂动态的水文环境,在季节性洪水脉冲影响下,地表-地下水交互转化对洪泛区水循环和生态环境保护等方面具有重要意义.本文采用野外试验、统计分析和达西定律等研究方法,开展了鄱阳湖洪泛区碟形湖湿地系统(河流-洲滩湿地-碟形湖)地表-地下水文学特征、相互作用和交换通量研究.数据资料显示,在地形地貌影响下,研究区洲滩地下水位明显低于碟形湖水位,但总体上略高于周边河流水位,统计结果进一步表明,在控制洪泛湿地的地下水动态方面,河流水文情势变化对地下水的影响作用要强于碟形湖水文变化.就河流-地下水转化关系而言,研究区湿地系统的地下水与周边河流水体之间存在动态转化关系,地下水对河流的补给通量以及河流对地下水的补给通量分别约为0.4和0.2 m/d.就湖泊-地下水转化关系而言,碟形湖一般来说补给周边滩地的地下水系统,但两者之间的交换通量基本小于0.1 m/d.在年尺度上,研究区地表-地下水之间的累积交换通量变化约介于7.5~48.2 m/a,其中河流-地下水的累积交换通量约是碟形湖-地下水的4~7倍,且秋、冬季的累积交换通量要明显大于春、夏季.本文研究结果可为洪泛区河湖系统的水资源联合管理、水环境整治和生态环境保护等方面提供科学支撑. 相似文献
4.
内蒙古达里诺尔湖流域地表水和地下水环境同位素特征及补给关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了探明达里诺尔湖流域地表水与地下水的氢(H)、氧(O)同位素的变化特征及相互补给关系,于2013年对达里诺尔湖及其周围的河水、井水、泉水中H、O同位素进行了取样分析,并结合总溶解性固体悬浮物(TDS)和区域水文地质对达里诺尔湖流域的补给关系进行讨论分析.结果表明:1)河水、泉水、井水中H、O同位素的值基本落在全球雨水线上,湖水H、O同位素落在全球雨水线的右下方,说明河水、井水、泉水没有发生蒸发分馏,而湖水则发生较大程度的蒸发分馏;对达里诺尔湖流域地表水与地下水的H、O同位素进行回归模拟,得出该区域的蒸发趋势线方程:δD=4.8753δ18O-20.139(n=32,R2=0.9968).蒸发线表明,这些水样具有相同水源的特征.2)从实地考察发现,泉水补给河水,泉水和河水补给湖水,同时井水、泉水和河水有相似的δD、δ18O和TDS值,且不随季节变化而变化,推断达里诺尔湖附近地下水补给湖水;区域水文地质条件亦证明达里诺尔湖周边地下水补给湖水. 相似文献
5.
基于环境同位素技术的怀沙河流域地表水和地下水转化关系研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
地表水和地下水是流域水循环的重要组成部分, 流域内地表水和地下水之间的相互作用历来是流域水循环研究的关键环节. 环境同位素和水化学作为水循环研究中的示踪剂, 可以有效地揭示流域内地表水和地下水之间的转化关系. 在对位于北京市怀柔区的怀沙河流域进行现场调查并对泉水、河水和井水采样进行氢氧稳定同位素和水化学组成测定的基础上, 分析了流域内沿河道不同部位的泉水、河水和井水的氢氧稳定同位素和水化学组成的空间分布规律和演化趋势. 依据泉水出露的高程和氧同位素含量之间的关系, 揭示出泉水的氧同位素高程效应, 为推断泉水的补给来源提供了理论依据; 运用氯离子质量平衡方法, 估计了流域内年平均地下水补给率. 根据地下水补给来源, 联系流域内水文地质状况和现场调查结果, 以及对比怀沙河流域和密云水库以上的潮白河流域20世纪60~90年代同期降雨径流系数, 初步推断出流域内相当一部分地下水来源于流域之外高程较高的区域, 流域为非封闭流域. 在综合分析的基础上, 结合氢氧稳定同位素和水化学组成及流域内地形地质和水系特征, 分析了流域内不同部位地表径流和地下径流对河川径流的相对贡献, 并揭示了地表水和地下水之间的补给-排泄相互转化关系. 相似文献
6.
通过对2003-2004年采卤初期西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区卤水中钾、锂、硼水化学数据的分析,初步揭示了其在采卤过程中的动态变化及成因.研究表明,湖卤水中钾、锂、硼的变化主要受控于地表径流变化;地下卤水中钾、锂、硼的含量在停采恢复期高于采卤期,在孔隙卤水区高于晶间卤水区,而且三者在空间上的分异程度有明显差异.相图分析表明停采恢复期已达到钾石盐析出阶段.大部分矿区的地下卤水基本处于滞流状态,地下卤水水位与钾锂硼之间没有显著的相关性.地下卤水中钾、锂、硼的变化很可能是由卤水本身物理化学性质的变化引起的,在短时间内,采卤活动和径流补给作用尚未对其产生显著影响. 相似文献
7.
柴达木盆地卤水型Li、Rb关键金属矿产元素分布特征及富集机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对柴达木盆地卤水型锂(Li)和铷(Rb)关键金属矿产资源分布规律不清、富集机制不明的问题,全面调查了盆地第三系古卤水和第四纪现代盐湖卤水中的Li、Rb资源分布规律.研究显示,大风山、南翼山、油泉子、尖顶山、碱石山含油背斜构造古卤水Li、Rb资源禀赋较好,Li平均含量达81.1~128.9mg L?1,Rb平均含量达4.5~29.2mg L?1,均具有很好的开发利用前景;柴达木盆地东台、西台、一里坪盐湖及涩聂湖中,除已知的较好Li资源禀赋外,Rb含量最高可达12.5mg L?1,亟需关注Rb资源的开发利用.基于水体氢、氧和硼同位素特征进一步查明了卤水Li和Rb资源的富集机制,第三系古卤水δD、δ18O平均值为?40.7‰和2.84‰,多数富Li、Rb古卤水的δD、δ18O与岩浆水接近;低于河水而与地热流体接近的δ11B值说明,除蒸发作用和水-岩反应外,深部岩浆热液流体的补给才是古卤水矿种元素超常富集的关键机制.而现代盐湖卤水Li、Rb资源的超常富集与火山地热水的补给密切相关,盆地西部盐湖晶间卤水相对高的Li、Rb含量和垂向上随深度增加而Li、Rb含量有所增加的规律,则是由局部古卤水沿断裂带上涌补给造成. 相似文献
8.
δ~(37)Cl值可以用来指示盐湖演化过程中卤水的蒸发浓缩程度、可能的补给来源和控制因素,本文对腾格里沙漠地区12个代表性盐湖卤水样品开展了氯同位素组成研究.结果表明,研究区内沙漠盐湖卤水的δ~(37)Cl值变化范围为-0.10‰~1.36‰,平均值为0.55‰;其中,硫酸钠亚型卤水的δ~(37)Cl值范围为-0.10‰~1.36‰(平均值为0.56‰),硫酸镁亚型卤水的δ~(37)Cl值范围为0.14‰~0.82‰(平均值为0.48‰).对比柴达木盆地现代盐湖分析数据,发现区内沙漠盐湖的δ~(37)Cl平均值明显大于柴达木盆地盐湖的δ~(37)Cl平均值,并且,硫酸钠亚型卤水δ~(37)Cl最高,硫酸镁亚型卤水次之,氯化物型卤水最小.基于不同盐湖地下水咸化程度以及盐湖卤水中δ~(37)Cl值与Br/Cl系数关系的研究,揭示了研究区东部和东北部盐湖可能受到第三系地层咸水的补给,而其他盐湖主要受蒸发浓缩作用影响.δ~(37)Cl值分布特征则显示,腾格里沙漠地区部分盐湖在形成过程中可能受到区域构造活动诱发的第三系深部水补给及水-岩作用等多重因素的影响. 相似文献
9.
黑河流域浮游植物群落特征与环境因子的关系 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
分别于2009年夏季和2010年夏、秋季对黑河流域进行了2次全面调查,共选取76个采样断面进行水样采集,鉴定出浮游植物242种,隶属于8门11纲25目45科94属.其中硅藻门为优势类群,占物种总数的38.43%,绿藻门和蓝藻门次之;黑河流域优势种为尺骨针杆藻(Synedra ulna)、无常蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis irregularis)和尖针杆藻(S.acus),优势度分别为0.060、0.031和0.021,出现频度分别为43.42%、43.42%和46.05%.生物多样性指数及相关指数分析表明,黑河流域中、下游浮游植物群落结构的复杂程度和稳定性均高于上游;同时,综合生物多样性指数及相关指数以及水质理化指标表明,黑河上游水质为无污染或轻度污染,中、下游水质为轻中度污染.浮游植物丰度与环境因子的相关性分析表明,上游浮游植物丰度与水体硬度呈显著正相关;中游浮游植物丰度则与各环境因子无显著相关性;下游浮游植物丰度与水体硬度呈显著负相关,而与总氮×总磷呈显著正相关;总溶解性固体、pH值和水体硬度与全流域浮游植物丰度呈显著正相关.黑河流域浮游植物的空间分布具有与河水水文分带相对应的垂直地带性和水平地带性分异特征. 相似文献
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2001-2002水文年环太湖河道的水量及污染物通量 总被引：24，自引：11，他引：24
根据2001-2002水文年115条环太湖河道的同步环境监测资料,对水量及污染物通量进行了估算.全年的入湖水量为80.11×108m3,出湖水量为96.67×108m3.入湖水量主要通过西部河网以及西苕溪、望虞河等河流汇入太湖,其中西部河网的入湖量占总入湖量的60%;出湖水量主要通过太浦河、东苕溪以及东部河网汇出太湖,其中太浦河的出湖量占47%.污染物通量的估算结果是,CODMn、TN及TP的入湖总通量分别为37571t/a、28658t/a及1029t/a,出湖总通量分别为35431t/a、14600t/a及668t/a.CODMn、TN及TP入湖通量通过西部河网进入太湖的比例占63%、49%及47%;CODMn、TN及TP出湖通量通过太浦河汇出太湖的比例占51%、45%及34%.通过与上世纪90年代以前相同年型的数据进行对比,除TP外,其它各种污染物的入湖量均明显增加,且污染物在湖泊中的滞留率也显著提高.由此说明,环太湖河道入湖污染负荷的增加是太湖水环境恶化的根本原因. 相似文献
11.
The planning and management of water resources in the Shiyang River basin, China require a tool for assessing the impact of groundwater and stream use on water supply reliabilities and improving many environment‐related problems such as soil desertification induced by recent water‐related human activities. A coupled model, integrating rule‐based lumped surface water model and distributed three‐dimensional groundwater flow model, has been established to investigate surface water and groundwater management scenarios that may be designed to restore the deteriorated ecological environment of the downstream portion of the Shiyang River basin. More than 66% of the water level among 24 observation wells have simulation error less than 1·0 m. The overall trend of the temporal changes of simulated and observed surface runoff at the Caiqi gauging station remains almost the same. The calibration was considered satisfactory. Initial frameworks for water allocation, including agricultural water‐saving projects, water diversion within the basin and inter‐basin water transfer, reducing agricultural irrigation area and surface water use instead of groundwater exploitation at the downstream were figured out that would provide a rational use of water resources throughout the whole basin. Sixteen scenarios were modelled to find out the most appropriate management strategies. The results showed that in the two selected management options, the groundwater budget at the Minqin basin was about 1·4 × 108 m3/a and the ecological environment would be improved significantly, but the deficit existed at the Wuwei basin and the number was about 0·8 × 108 m3/a. Water demand for domestic, industry and urban green area would be met in the next 30 years, but the water shortage for meeting the demand of agricultural water use in the Shiyang River basin was about 2·2 × 108 m3/a. It is suggested that more inter‐basin water transfer should be required to obtain sustainable water resource use in the Shiyang River basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Changes in the hydrological regimes of Arctic rivers could affect the thermohaline circulation of the Arctic Ocean. In this study, we analysed spatiotemporal variations in temperature and precipitation in the Ob River Basin regions during 1936–2017 based on data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center. Changes in discharge and response to climate change were examined based on monthly observed data during the same period. It is indicated the Ob River Basin experienced significant overall rapid warming and wetting (increased precipitation) in the study period, with average rates of 0.20°C (10 year−1) and 5.3 mm (10 year−1), respectively. The annual spatial variations of temperature and precipitation showed different scales in different regions. The discharge in spring and winter significantly increased at a rate of 384.1 and 173.1 m3/s (10 year−1), respectively. Hydrograph separation indicated infiltration and supported that deep flow paths increased the contribution of groundwater to base flow. Meanwhile, the variation of the ratio of Qmax/Qmin suggested that the basin storage and the mechanism of discharge generation have significantly changed. The hydrological processes were influenced by changes of permafrost in a certain in the Ob River Basin. An increase in the recession coefficient (RC) implies that the permafrost degradation in the basin due to climate warming affected hydrological processes in winter. Permafrost degradation affected the Qmax/Qmin more significantly in the warm season than RC due to the enhanced infiltration that converted more surface water into groundwater in the cold season. The impact of precipitation on discharge, including surface flow and base flow, was more significant than temperature at the annual and seasonal scales in the Ob River Basin. The base flow was more obviously influenced by temperature than surface flow. The results of this study are significant for analyses of the basin water budget and freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
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白洋淀是雄安新区的核心生态功能区,近几十年来面临水源不足、湿地萎缩等生态环境问题.选取白洋淀流域上游王快、西大洋及拒马河3个子流域开展河川径流演变研究,结合1969年以来18期白洋淀湿地遥感影像,揭示白洋淀流域河川径流驱动湿地演变的过程机制.结果表明：近60年来白洋淀流域山区径流量呈持续衰减趋势,从P1阶段（1961—1979年）至P3阶段（1997—2019年）,典型子流域年径流系数均值由0.29降至0.12,山区年径流总量由30.84×108 m3/a降至11.37×108 m3/a,降幅达63.1%,梯田修建、地下水开采等人类活动是导致径流衰减的主要原因;不同子流域产流和基流减少对径流衰减的贡献率存在差异,以变质岩为主的王快子流域径流衰减的主要原因是地表产流减少,碳酸盐岩分布较广的拒马河子流域径流衰减的主要原因是基流减少;白洋淀湿地面积变化受控于地表水位波动,近60年来白洋淀湿地退化的直接原因是入淀流量减少,根本原因是人类活动影响导致的山区径流衰减. 相似文献
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The environment of Bosten Lake in the Mid-Eastern Yanqi Basin (MEYB), an arid inland area in northwest China, has deteriorated greatly due to increasing groundwater exploitation and changes in the interactions between groundwater and surface water. This study intended to simulate the spatio-temporal variability of groundwater and surface water across the entire MEYB over the period 2000–2013. The applicable groundwater flow model and mass balance calculation method for river water were constructed to evaluate the change in groundwater recharged by and discharged to different segments of the Kaidu River. Simulation results show that the entire river seepage in the MEYB increased from 1.05 to 6.17 × 108 m3/year between 2000 and 2013. The increasing river seepage, induced by increasing groundwater exploitation, plays the most important role in the water level decline in the downstream reaches of the Kaidu River and in Bosten Lake. This implies that the current utilization of groundwater resources in the MEYB is unsustainable. 相似文献
16.
Stable isotopic and geochemical identification of groundwater evolution and recharge sources in the arid Shule River Basin of Northwestern China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xiaoyan Guo Qi Feng Wei Liu Zongxing Li Xiaohu Wen Jianhua Si Haiyang Xi Rui Guo Bing Jia 《水文研究》2015,29(22):4703-4718
Stable isotopic (δDVSMOW and δ18OVSMOW) and geochemical signatures were employed to constrain the geochemical evolution and sources of groundwater recharge in the arid Shule River Basin, Northwestern China, where extensive groundwater extraction occurs for agricultural and domestic supply. Springs in the mountain front of the Qilian Mountains, the Yumen‐Tashi groundwater (YTG), and the Guazhou groundwater (GZG) were Ca‐HCO3, Ca‐Mg‐HCO3‐SO4 and Na‐Mg‐SO4‐Cl type waters, respectively. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and major ion (Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, K+, SO42?, Cl? and NO3?) concentrations of groundwater gradually increase from the mountain front to the lower reaches of the Guazhou Basin. Geochemical evolution in groundwater was possibly due to a combination of mineral dissolution, mixing processes and evapotranspiration along groundwater flow paths. The isotopic and geochemical variations in melt water, springs, river water, YTG and GZG, together with the end‐member mixing analysis (EMMA) indicate that the springs in the mountain front mainly originate from precipitation, the infiltration of melt water and river in the upper reaches; the lateral groundwater from the mountain front and river water in the middle reaches are probably effective recharge sources for the YTG, while contribution of precipitation to YTG is extremely limited; the GZG is mainly recharged by lateral groundwater flow from the Yumen‐Tashi Basin and irrigation return flow. The general characteristics of groundwater in the Shule River Basin have been initially identified, and the results should facilitate integrated management of groundwater and surface water resources in the study area. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Coupling of groundwater and surface water at Lake Willersinnweiher: Groundwater modeling and tracer studies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ute Wollschläger Johann Ilmberger Margot Isenbeck-Schröter Andreas M. Kreuzer Christoph von Rohden Kurt Roth Wolfgang Schäfer 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(1):138-152
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Ricardo Oyarzún Sandro Zambra Hugo Maturana Jorge Oyarzún Evelyn Aguirre Nicole Kretschmer 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(12):2193-2204
ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the composition of surface water and shallow groundwater in the Grande River basin, North-Central Chile, using this information to characterize water interactions. Chemical and isotopic data for surface water and groundwater (7 and 6 sampling locations, respectively) were obtained from three sampling campaigns performed in March–April (autumn), August–September (late winter) and December (early summer) 2012. Precipitation samples were also collected. Data was processed using spatial distribution charts, Piper and Stiff diagrams, and multivariate analysis. In general, the results for each method converge on a high degree of connectivity between surface water and shallow groundwater in the study area. Furthermore, approximately a 10% of groundwater contribution to the surface flow discharge was estimated for a particular reach. This multi-method approach was useful for the characterization of surface water–groundwater interactions in the Grande River basin, and may become a suitable and replicable scheme for studies in arid and semi-arid basins facing similar water management challenges.
Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor B. Dewals 相似文献
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Qiu Yang Honglang Xiao Liangju Zhao Yonggang Yang Caizhi Li Liang Zhao Li Yin 《水文研究》2011,25(8):1271-1283
We used hydrochemistry and environmental isotope data (δ18O, δD, tritium, and 14C) to investigate the characteristics of river water, groundwater, and groundwater recharge in China's Heihe River basin. The river water and groundwater could be characterized as Ca2+? Mg2+? HCO3?? SO42? and Na+? Mg2+? SO42?? Cl? types, respectively. Hydrogeochemical modelling using PHREEQC software revealed that the main hydrogeochemical processes are dissolution (except for gypsum and anhydrite) along groundwater flow paths from the upper to middle Heihe reaches. Towards the lower reaches, dolomite and calcite tend to precipitate. The isotopic data for most of the river water and groundwater lie on the global meteoric water line (GMWL) or between the GMWL and the meteoric water line in northwestern China, indicating weak evaporation. No direct relationship existed between recharge and discharge of groundwater in the middle and lower reaches based on the isotope ratios, d‐excess, and 14C values. On the basis of tritium in precipitation and by adopting an exponential piston‐flow model, we evaluated the mean residence time of shallow groundwater with high tritium activities, which was around 50 years (a). Furthermore, based on the several popular models, it is calculated that the deep groundwaters in piedmont alluvial fan zone of the middle reaches and in southern part of the lower reaches are modern water, whereas the deep groundwaters in the edge of the middle reaches and around Juyan Lake in the lower reaches of Heihe river basin are old water. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Small‐scale heterogeneities and large changes in hydraulic gradient over short distances can create preferential groundwater flow paths that discharge to lakes. A 170 m2 grid within an area of springs and seeps along the shore of Shingobee Lake, Minnesota, was intensively instrumented to characterize groundwater‐lake interaction within underlying organic‐rich soil and sandy glacial sediments. Seepage meters in the lake and piezometer nests, installed at depths of 0·5 and 1·0 m below the ground surface and lakebed, were used to estimate groundwater flow. Statistical analysis of hydraulic conductivity estimated from slug tests indicated a range from 21 to 4·8 × 10?3 m day?1 and small spatial correlation. Although hydraulic gradients are overall upward and toward the lake, surface water that flows onto an area about 2 m onshore results in downward flow and localized recharge. Most flow occurred within 3 m of the shore through more permeable pathways. Seepage meter and Darcy law estimates of groundwater discharge agreed well within error limits. In the small area examined, discharge decreases irregularly with distance into the lake, indicating that sediment heterogeneity plays an important role in the distribution of groundwater discharge. Temperature gradients showed some relationship to discharge, but neither temperature profiles nor specific electrical conductance could provide a more convenient method to map groundwater–lake interaction. These results suggest that site‐specific data may be needed to evaluate local water budget and to protect the water quality and quantity of discharge‐dominated lakes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献